播期播量对旱地小麦土壤水分、干物质积累及产量的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究播期播量对旱地小麦土壤水分存储、干物质积累及产量形成的影响,明确最适播期和播量。[方法]通过田间定期取样与室内实验测定分析,探索休闲期深松条件下,旱地小麦土壤蓄水量、干物质量、产量及其构成和水分利用效率对播期播量的响应。[结果]旱地小麦越冬—孕穗期0~300cm土壤蓄水量以早播少量(D1R1)、适期适量(D2R2)、晚播多量(D3R3)较高;干物质积累量生育前期随播期推迟而降低,随播量增加而提高,生育中后期以D1R1、D2R2、D3R3较高;穗数、穗粒数和产量及水分利用效率均以D1R1、D2R2、D3R3较高,增产分别为6%~10%、11%~20%和5%~10%。相关分析表明,生育前期土壤蓄水量与拔节—孕穗阶段干物质积累量密切相关,与穗数、穗粒数密切相关;生育中期土壤蓄水量与拔节—孕穗阶段和开花—成熟阶段干物质积累量密切相关,与千粒重密切相关。[结论]晋南地区旱地小麦适宜早播少量、适期适量、晚播多量播种,10月1日配90kg·hm-2可实现高产高效。
[Objective]In order to study the effects of sowing date and rate on soil water storage,dry weight accumulation,and yield formation in dryland wheat and find out the optimum sowing date and rate.[Methods]Through regularly collecting in the field,testing and analyzing in lab,the field test was carried out to find out the effects of sowing date and rate on soil water storage,dry weight,yield and its components and water use efficiency of dryland wheat under sub-soiling condition in fallow period.[Results]The result showed that soil water storage at the depth of 0~300cm of dryland wheat from wintering stage to booting stage were higher in D1R1,D2R2 and D3R3;The dry weight accumulation in pre-growth period decreased with the delay of sowing date and increased with the increase of sowing rate,and the highest dry weight was obtained under D2R2 in middle and late growth period;The spike number,grain number per number,yield and water use efficiency were higher in D1R1,D2R2 and D3R3and yield were improved 6%~10%,11%~20% and 5%~10% respectively.The analysis of correlation showed that soil water storage in pre-growth period was closely correlated with the dry weight from jointing stage to booting stage and the spike number and grain number per number;soil water storage in middle-growth period was closely correlated with the dry weight from jointing stage to booting stage and from anthesis to maturity,and was closely correlated with 1000-grain weight.[Conclusion]Early sowing date with the rate of 67.5kg·hm-2,proper sowing date with the rate of 90kg·hm-2 and late sowing date with the rate of 112.5kg·hm-2 could be suitable for the dryland wheat at the south of Shanxi Province,especially Oct.1matching 90kg·hm-2 could improve yield and water use efficiency.
[Objective]In order to study the effects of sowing date and rate on soil water storage,dry weight accumulation,and yield formation in dryland wheat and find out the optimum sowing date and rate.[Methods]Through regularly collecting in the field,testing and analyzing in lab,the field test was carried out to find out the effects of sowing date and rate on soil water storage,dry weight,yield and its components and water use efficiency of dryland wheat under sub-soiling condition in fallow period.[Results]The result showed that soil water storage at the depth of 0~300cm of dryland wheat from wintering stage to booting stage were higher in D1R1,D2R2 and D3R3;The dry weight accumulation in pre-growth period decreased with the delay of sowing date and increased with the increase of sowing rate,and the highest dry weight was obtained under D2R2 in middle and late growth period;The spike number,grain number per number,yield and water use efficiency were higher in D1R1,D2R2 and D3R3and yield were improved 6%~10%,11%~20% and 5%~10% respectively.The analysis of correlation showed that soil water storage in pre-growth period was closely correlated with the dry weight from jointing stage to booting stage and the spike number and grain number per number;soil water storage in middle-growth period was closely correlated with the dry weight from jointing stage to booting stage and from anthesis to maturity,and was closely correlated with 1000-grain weight.[Conclusion]Early sowing date with the rate of 67.5kg·hm-2,proper sowing date with the rate of 90kg·hm-2 and late sowing date with the rate of 112.5kg·hm-2 could be suitable for the dryland wheat at the south of Shanxi Province,especially Oct.1matching 90kg·hm-2 could improve yield and water use efficiency.
引文
[1]王夏,胡新,孙忠富,等.不同播期和播量对小麦群体性状和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):170-176.
[2]李豪圣,宋健民,刘爱峰,等.播期和播种密度对超高产小麦‘济麦22’产量及其构成因素的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(5):243-248.
[3]Troccoli A,Codianni P.Appropriate seeding rate for einkorn,emmer,and spelt grown under rainfed condition in southern Italy[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2005,22(3):293-300.
[4]欧行奇,郭丹钊,成立群,等.土壤质地和播期对强筋小麦藁城8901品质及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(4):705-709.
[5]张敏,王岩岩,蔡国瑞,等.播期推迟对冬小麦产量形成和籽粒品质的调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(2):325-330.
[6]张明明,董宝娣,乔匀周,等.播期、播量对旱作小麦‘小偃60’生长发育、产量及水分利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(8):1095-1102.
[7]王立明.播种密度对旱地不同类型冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国种业,2010(3):41-43.
[8]刘俊梅,曲超,杨学云,等.播种密度对秸秆覆盖旱地冬小麦产量和土壤水分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(9):36-43.
[9]党建友,王姣爱,张晶,等.干旱年份播期对旱地冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(1):172-176.
[10]屈会娟,李金才,沈学善,等.种植密度和播期对冬小麦品种兰考矮早八干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(1):124-131.
[11]李晓航,盛坤,杨丽娟,等.播期播量对新麦23生育期、株高及产量性状的影响[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(5):37-39.
[12]吴晓丽,包维楷.基因型及播种密度对冬小麦分蘖期生长、生物量分配及产量的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(3):369-375.
[13]郝有明,李岩华,霍成斌.播期、播量对冬小麦产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(5):422-424+473.
[14]何盛莲,吴政卿,雷振生,等.播期、播量对小麦新品种郑麦9962产量及其构成因素的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(9):22-24+48.
[15]孟丽梅,张轲,杨子光,等.播期播量对冬小麦品种‘洛麦22’产量形成及主要性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(18):107-110.
[2]李豪圣,宋健民,刘爱峰,等.播期和播种密度对超高产小麦‘济麦22’产量及其构成因素的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(5):243-248.
[3]Troccoli A,Codianni P.Appropriate seeding rate for einkorn,emmer,and spelt grown under rainfed condition in southern Italy[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2005,22(3):293-300.
[4]欧行奇,郭丹钊,成立群,等.土壤质地和播期对强筋小麦藁城8901品质及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(4):705-709.
[5]张敏,王岩岩,蔡国瑞,等.播期推迟对冬小麦产量形成和籽粒品质的调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(2):325-330.
[6]张明明,董宝娣,乔匀周,等.播期、播量对旱作小麦‘小偃60’生长发育、产量及水分利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(8):1095-1102.
[7]王立明.播种密度对旱地不同类型冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国种业,2010(3):41-43.
[8]刘俊梅,曲超,杨学云,等.播种密度对秸秆覆盖旱地冬小麦产量和土壤水分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(9):36-43.
[9]党建友,王姣爱,张晶,等.干旱年份播期对旱地冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(1):172-176.
[10]屈会娟,李金才,沈学善,等.种植密度和播期对冬小麦品种兰考矮早八干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(1):124-131.
[11]李晓航,盛坤,杨丽娟,等.播期播量对新麦23生育期、株高及产量性状的影响[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(5):37-39.
[12]吴晓丽,包维楷.基因型及播种密度对冬小麦分蘖期生长、生物量分配及产量的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(3):369-375.
[13]郝有明,李岩华,霍成斌.播期、播量对冬小麦产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(5):422-424+473.
[14]何盛莲,吴政卿,雷振生,等.播期、播量对小麦新品种郑麦9962产量及其构成因素的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(9):22-24+48.
[15]孟丽梅,张轲,杨子光,等.播期播量对冬小麦品种‘洛麦22’产量形成及主要性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(18):107-110.