关中东部渭河灌区不同播期播量对农大1108小麦光合特性及产量的影响
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摘要
2016—2017在关中东部渭河灌区的大荔县韦林镇,选择农大1108进行了不同播期播量对其功能叶光合特性及产量的效应研究.结果表明:不同处理对农大1108功能叶净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度有显著的影响,但对蒸腾速率影响不明显.随着播期推迟,功能叶的净光合速率提高2.2%~48.3%;株高和单株成穗数分别减少2.0%~11.6%和4.8%~30.0%,单株颖壳、叶片+叶鞘、茎、穗和籽粒的干重依次增加14.3%~72.3%、12.2%~18.1%、39.5%~58.4%、22.0%~69.3%和18.1%~53.7%,穗粒数减少6.3%~8.9%,千粒重提高11.0%~13.5%,低播量的成穗数减少23.6%,减产22.7%;高播量的成穗数增加11.8%,增产19.0%.随着播量的增加,旗叶和倒三叶的净光合速率降低;株高、成穗数、颖壳、叶片+叶鞘、茎、穗和籽粒的干重分别减少0.2%~6.1%、0.0%~30.0%、21.4%~24.4%、34.9%~40.1%、28.9%~40.6%、24.2%~53.4%和17.6%~34.1%;穗粒数和千粒重分别减少1.3%~10.8%和1.9%~6.7%,减产6.2%~11.7%.不同的播期和播量对籽粒的容重影响较大,但对其他的蛋白质品质和拉伸品质指标影响较小.通过寻优,农大1108的高产最适播期为10月8日~10月19日,最适播量为256~340 kg/hm~2.
In 2016-2017,the effects of different sowing rates and dates on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of functional leaves were studied in Weilin town of Dali county in the Wei River irrigation area in eastern Guanzhong. The results showed that different treatments had significant effects on the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_2 concentration of the functional leaves of Nongda 1108 wheat,but it had no significant effect on the transpiration rate. The net photosynthetic rate of functional leaves increased by 2. 2% ~ 48. 3% when the sowing date was postponed. The plant height and number of panicles per plant decreased by 2. 0% ~ 11. 6% and 4. 8% ~ 30. 0% respectively. The dry weight of glume shell,leaf and leaf sheath,stem,spikes and grains per plant increased by 14. 3% ~72. 3%,12. 2% ~ 18. 1%,39. 5% ~ 58. 4%,22. 0% ~ 69. 3% and 18. 1% ~ 53. 7% respectively. The number of grains per spike decreased by 6. 3% ~ 8. 9%,and the thousandgrain weight increased by 11. 0% ~ 13. 5%. The spike number of low sowing decreased by23. 6%,and the yield decreased by 22. 7%. The spike number of high sowing increased by11. 8%,and the yield increased by 19%. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and third leaf decreased with the increase of sowing rate. The dry weight of plant height,panicle number,glume shell,leaf and leaf sheath,stem,spikes and grains decreased by 0. 2% ~ 6. 1%,0. 0%~ 30. 0%,21. 4% ~ 24. 4%,34. 9% ~ 40. 1%,28. 9% ~ 40. 6%,24. 2% ~ 53. 4% and 17. 6% ~ 34. 1% respectively. The number of grains per spike and the thousand-grain weight decreased by 1. 3% ~ 10. 8% and 1. 9% ~ 6. 7% respectively,and the yield decreased by6. 2% ~ 11. 7%. Different sowing dates and sowing rates had greater effect on grain bulk density,but it had little effect on other protein quality and tensile quality index. Through optimization,the optimum sowing date of Nongda 1108 wheat was from 8 thin October to 19 thin October,and the optimum sowing rate was 256 ~ 340 kg/hm~2.
In 2016-2017,the effects of different sowing rates and dates on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of functional leaves were studied in Weilin town of Dali county in the Wei River irrigation area in eastern Guanzhong. The results showed that different treatments had significant effects on the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_2 concentration of the functional leaves of Nongda 1108 wheat,but it had no significant effect on the transpiration rate. The net photosynthetic rate of functional leaves increased by 2. 2% ~ 48. 3% when the sowing date was postponed. The plant height and number of panicles per plant decreased by 2. 0% ~ 11. 6% and 4. 8% ~ 30. 0% respectively. The dry weight of glume shell,leaf and leaf sheath,stem,spikes and grains per plant increased by 14. 3% ~72. 3%,12. 2% ~ 18. 1%,39. 5% ~ 58. 4%,22. 0% ~ 69. 3% and 18. 1% ~ 53. 7% respectively. The number of grains per spike decreased by 6. 3% ~ 8. 9%,and the thousandgrain weight increased by 11. 0% ~ 13. 5%. The spike number of low sowing decreased by23. 6%,and the yield decreased by 22. 7%. The spike number of high sowing increased by11. 8%,and the yield increased by 19%. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and third leaf decreased with the increase of sowing rate. The dry weight of plant height,panicle number,glume shell,leaf and leaf sheath,stem,spikes and grains decreased by 0. 2% ~ 6. 1%,0. 0%~ 30. 0%,21. 4% ~ 24. 4%,34. 9% ~ 40. 1%,28. 9% ~ 40. 6%,24. 2% ~ 53. 4% and 17. 6% ~ 34. 1% respectively. The number of grains per spike and the thousand-grain weight decreased by 1. 3% ~ 10. 8% and 1. 9% ~ 6. 7% respectively,and the yield decreased by6. 2% ~ 11. 7%. Different sowing dates and sowing rates had greater effect on grain bulk density,but it had little effect on other protein quality and tensile quality index. Through optimization,the optimum sowing date of Nongda 1108 wheat was from 8 thin October to 19 thin October,and the optimum sowing rate was 256 ~ 340 kg/hm~2.
引文
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[13]王楠,汪娟梅,姚广平,等.不同播期与播量对九麦2号小麦产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(21):80-84.
[14]李新强,高阳,黄玲,等.播期和播量对冬小麦产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,2(33):17-20.
[15]王东,丁振文,贾效成,等.播期对优质强筋冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2004(2):25-26.
[16]范金萍,吕国锋,张伯桥,等.播期对小麦主要品质性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2003,31(1):23-24.
[17]赵智勇,李秀绒,柴永峰,等.播期、播量和氮肥对强筋小麦“运旱618”产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,21(32):28-31.
[2]张睿.陕西省小麦产业技术体系论文集(2016)[M].杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2017.
[3]余松烈.中国小麦栽培理论与实践[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006.
[4]韩一军.我国小麦产业发展现状分析及未来展望[J].农业展望,2010(11):25-28.
[5]王辉.小麦[M].西安:陕西传媒集团三秦出版社,2013.
[6]李宁,段留生,李建民,等.播期与密度组合对不同穗型小麦品种花后旗叶光合特性、籽粒库容能力及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):296-302.
[7]淮贺举,陆洲,秦向阳,等.种植密度对小麦产量和群体质量影响研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(9):1-4.
[8]蒙星,姚广平,汪娟梅,等.不同播期与播量对中麦349小麦产量及结构的影响[J].西安文理学院学报(自然科学版),2013,16(3):30-33.
[9]王荣成,张睿.肥料运筹对强筋小麦西农979群体及其产量的效应[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(6):63-66.
[10]石永博,杨春成,张魁,等.播期播量对泛麦5039产量及其构成因素的影响初探[J].农业科技通讯,2016(1):114-116.
[11]黄峰,殷贵鸿,韩玉林,等.播期及种植密度对国审周麦28产量及其构成因素的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2016(6):56-59.
[12]李豪圣,宋建民,刘爱峰,等.播期和种植密度对超高产小麦“济麦22”产量及其构成因素的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(5):243-248.
[13]王楠,汪娟梅,姚广平,等.不同播期与播量对九麦2号小麦产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(21):80-84.
[14]李新强,高阳,黄玲,等.播期和播量对冬小麦产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,2(33):17-20.
[15]王东,丁振文,贾效成,等.播期对优质强筋冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2004(2):25-26.
[16]范金萍,吕国锋,张伯桥,等.播期对小麦主要品质性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2003,31(1):23-24.
[17]赵智勇,李秀绒,柴永峰,等.播期、播量和氮肥对强筋小麦“运旱618”产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,21(32):28-31.