收获机振动筛振动参数影响不同湿度脱出物粘附特性
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摘要
针对水稻脱出物表面湿润、黏性大的物料特性,以及易粘附在振动筛和抖动板上、诱发清选堵塞和夹带损失的技术难题,该文利用自制直线振动试验台架,研究了振动筛振动参数对水稻脱出物界面粘附特性的影响。以2种湿度水稻脱出物为试验对象,选取振幅、振动频率、振动角度为影响因素,以单位面积粘附量为试验指标,通过单因素试验分析了各因素对试验指标的影响规律,确定了各因素较优水平区间;通过正交试验设计及分析,得到2种湿度脱出物单位面积粘附量关于3个振动参数的数学模型,以及各因素对2种湿度脱出物单位面积粘附量影响的主次顺序,根据响应面分析比较,进一步证明了湿度是影响脱出物粘附特性的重要条件,与低湿度脱出物相比,高湿度脱出物的界面粘附更严重;低湿度脱出物单位面积粘附量的最优振动参数组合为振幅60 mm,振动频率6 Hz,振动角度50°;高湿度脱出物单位面积粘附量的最优振动参数组合为振幅50 mm,振动频率7 Hz,振动角度50°。研究结果可为水稻收获机振动筛的粘附界面调控及脱附界面构建提供参考。
Rice is one of the three major grain crops in China. Cleaning is one of the most important processes in rice harvesting, and the performance of vibrating screen and vibrating board has significant effect on cleaning operation. However, rice has high moisture content during harvest, its surface is moist and sticky, and it is easy to stick to vibrating screen and vibrating board. Therefore, it is great significance to study the effect of vibration parameters on interface adhesion characteristics of rice threshed mixture. In this paper, a linear vibration tested was designed and checked. The sieve substrate was made of 304 stainless steel. 2 kinds of rice threshed mixtures with different moisture content were selected as test objects, The moisture content of grain, straw and impurity in threshed mixtures with low moisture content was 18.76%, 54.68% and 32.18% respectively. The moisture content of grain, straw and impurity in threshed mixtures with high moisture content was 24.56%, 79.04% and 47.73% respectively. Vibration amplitude, vibration frequency and vibration angle were selected as test factors, and adhesion in unit area was used as test index. Through single factor test, the influence law of each factor on the test index was analyzed, and the better level of each factor was determined, that is the vibration amplitude was 40-60 mm, the vibration frequency was 5-7 Hz, the vibration angle was 40°-60°. Then, the design and analysis of orthogonal test were carried out in this paper, the mathematical models for test index of 2 kinds of threshed mixture with different moisture content and the order of main and secondary factors affecting the test index were obtained. The influence of vibration parameters on the adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with low moisture content in descending order was the vibration angle, vibration amplitude and vibration frequency. The influence of vibration parameters on the adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with high moisture content in descending order was the vibration frequency, vibration angle and vibration amplitude. The interaction between vibration amplitude and vibration frequency was found, and the response surface analysis was carried out. The trend of the response surface of 2 kinds of threshed mixture was basically same. The influence of moisture content on the adhesion characteristics of threshed mixture was obtained. Through the comparison test of 2 kinds of rice threshed mixtures, it was found that moisture content was an important condition that affected the interface adhesion properties, and the higher the moisture content, the more serious the adhesion was. The optimum parameter combination for adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with low moisture content was that the vibration amplitude was 60 mm, the vibration frequency was 6 Hz, and the vibration angle was 50°. The optimum parameter combination for adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with high moisture was that the amplitude was 50 mm, the vibration frequency was 7 Hz, and the vibration angle was 50°. Verification test results showed that the regression model was reliable and the relative error was less than 10%.
Rice is one of the three major grain crops in China. Cleaning is one of the most important processes in rice harvesting, and the performance of vibrating screen and vibrating board has significant effect on cleaning operation. However, rice has high moisture content during harvest, its surface is moist and sticky, and it is easy to stick to vibrating screen and vibrating board. Therefore, it is great significance to study the effect of vibration parameters on interface adhesion characteristics of rice threshed mixture. In this paper, a linear vibration tested was designed and checked. The sieve substrate was made of 304 stainless steel. 2 kinds of rice threshed mixtures with different moisture content were selected as test objects, The moisture content of grain, straw and impurity in threshed mixtures with low moisture content was 18.76%, 54.68% and 32.18% respectively. The moisture content of grain, straw and impurity in threshed mixtures with high moisture content was 24.56%, 79.04% and 47.73% respectively. Vibration amplitude, vibration frequency and vibration angle were selected as test factors, and adhesion in unit area was used as test index. Through single factor test, the influence law of each factor on the test index was analyzed, and the better level of each factor was determined, that is the vibration amplitude was 40-60 mm, the vibration frequency was 5-7 Hz, the vibration angle was 40°-60°. Then, the design and analysis of orthogonal test were carried out in this paper, the mathematical models for test index of 2 kinds of threshed mixture with different moisture content and the order of main and secondary factors affecting the test index were obtained. The influence of vibration parameters on the adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with low moisture content in descending order was the vibration angle, vibration amplitude and vibration frequency. The influence of vibration parameters on the adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with high moisture content in descending order was the vibration frequency, vibration angle and vibration amplitude. The interaction between vibration amplitude and vibration frequency was found, and the response surface analysis was carried out. The trend of the response surface of 2 kinds of threshed mixture was basically same. The influence of moisture content on the adhesion characteristics of threshed mixture was obtained. Through the comparison test of 2 kinds of rice threshed mixtures, it was found that moisture content was an important condition that affected the interface adhesion properties, and the higher the moisture content, the more serious the adhesion was. The optimum parameter combination for adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with low moisture content was that the vibration amplitude was 60 mm, the vibration frequency was 6 Hz, and the vibration angle was 50°. The optimum parameter combination for adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with high moisture was that the amplitude was 50 mm, the vibration frequency was 7 Hz, and the vibration angle was 50°. Verification test results showed that the regression model was reliable and the relative error was less than 10%.
引文
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[3]陈立.油菜联合收获机清选装置的设计与试验研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.Chen Li.Design and Experiment Study on Cleaning Unit of Rape Combine Harvester[D].Wanhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]廖庆喜,万星宇,李海同,等.油菜联合收获机旋风分离清选系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):24-31.Liao Qingxi,Wan Xingyu,Li Haitong,et al.Design and experiment on cyclone separating cleaning system for rape combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(14):24-31.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]李杰,闫楚良,杨方飞.联合收割机振动筛的动态仿真与参数优化[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2006,36(5):701-704.Li Jie,Yan Chuliang,Yang Fangfei.Dynamic simulation and parameter optimization of the combine harvester vibration sieve[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2006,36(5):701-704.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]洪美琴.联合收割机脱粒系统中振动筛的动力学分析[J].农机化研究,2012(5):79-82.Hong Meiqin.The dynamics analysis of vibrating sieve in threshing system of combine harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012(5):79-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]陈德俊,陈霓,姜喆雄,等.国外水稻联合收割机新技术及相关理论研究[M].镇江:江苏大学出版社,2015.
[8]任述光,谢方平,罗锡文,等.柔性齿与刚性齿脱粒水稻功耗比较分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(5):12-18.Ren Shuguang,Xie Fangping,Luo Xiwen,et al.Analysis and test of power consumption in paddy threshing using flexible and rigid teeth[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(5):12-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]唐忠,李耀明,徐立章,等.不同脱粒元件对切流与纵轴流水稻脱粒分离性能的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):93-97.Tang Zhong,Li Yaoming,Xu Lizhang,et al.Effects of different threshing components on grain threshing and separating by tangential-axial test device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(3):93-97.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]徐立章,马征,李耀明.激光改形油菜清选筛面基体浸润特性研究[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊):168-171.Xu Lizhang,Ma Zheng,Li Yaoming.Wettability of rape cleaning screen surface by laser-texture[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(Sl):168-171.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]苏天生,韩增德,崔俊伟,等.谷物联合收割机清选装置研究现状及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2016(2):6-11.Su Tiansheng,Han Zengde,Cui Junwei,et al.Research status and development trend of cleaning unit of cereal combine harvesters[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016(2):6-11.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]汤庆,吴崇友,王素珍,等.谷物清选装置研究现状及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2013(12):225-228.Tang Qing,Wu Chongyou,Wang Suzhen,et al.Research advances and prospects in cleaning device of grain[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2013(12):225-228.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]任述光,谢方平,王修善,等.4LZ-0.8型水稻联合收割机清选装置气固两相分离作业机理[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):16-22.Ren Shuguang,Xie Fangping,Wang Xiushan,et al.Gas-solid two-phase separation operation mechanism for 4LZ-0.8 rice combine harvester cleaning device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(12):16-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]童水光,沈强,唐宁,等.纵轴流清选装置混合流场数值模拟与优化试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):135-142.Tong Shuiguang,Shen Qiang,Tang Ning,et al.Numerical simulation and optimization experiment of mixed flow field on longitudinal axial flow cleaning device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):135-142.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]李洪昌,李耀明,唐忠,等.基于神经网络的风筛式清选装置研究[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊):65-68.Li Hongchang,Li Yaoming,Tang Zhong,et al.Air-and-screen cleaning device based on neural network[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(Sl):65-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]王成军,李耀明,马履中,等.3自由度混联振动筛设计[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊):69-73.Wang Chengjun,Li Yaoming,Ma Lüzhong,et al.Design of three degree of freedom hybrid vibration screen[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(Sl):69-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]王成军,刘琼,马履中,等.棉籽颗粒在三自由度混联振动筛面上的运动规律[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):49-56.Wang Chengjun,Liu Qiong,Ma Lüzhong,et al.Cottonseed particle motion law in 3-DOF hybrid vibration screen surface[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(6):49-56.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]王志华,陈翠英.基于ADAMS的联合收割机振动筛虚拟设计[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(4):53-56.Wang Zhihua,Chen Cuiying.Virtual design of vibrating sieve of combine harvester based on ADAMS[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2003,34(4):53-56.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]陈翠英,王志华,李青林.油菜脱出物物理机械特性及振动筛参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(3):60-64.Chen Cuiying,Wang Zhihua,Li Qinglin.Mechanophysical properties of rape extractives and parametrical optimization of vibration seive[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2005,36(3):60-64.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]陈立,廖庆喜,宗望远,等.油菜联合收获机脱出物空气动力学特性测定[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊):125-130.Chen Li,Liao Qingxi,Zong Wangyuan,et al.Aerodynamic characteristics measurement of extraction components for rape combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(Sl):125-130.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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