针孔管式小麦精准点播装置设计与吸种性能研究
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摘要
精准点播可保证播种作业的播量、播深及株距的均匀度,增强个体发育,但因小麦种子具有籽粒小、种植密度大等特点,目前尚缺少小麦精准点播装备。针对这一问题,该文设计了一种基于气力吸附、定点打穴、精准投种的针孔管式小麦精准点播装置,并对其吸种性能进行研究。确定了该播种机构的工作原理及主要结构,通过理论计算,确定适宜株距为2.73 cm,针孔吸种管扰动距离为7.86 cm,应分3行排布。以吸种孔位置、吸种孔直径和吸种面形状为因素,以漏种指数、重种指数和单粒指数为指标进行正交试验,得出最优参数组合为:吸种孔位置为顶面,吸种孔直径为2 mm,吸种面形状为凸面;在此条件下,试验结果为漏种指数为4.1%,重种指数为7.3%,单粒指数为88.6%,满足设计要求。
Precise seeding on point is a wheat seeding method which can control the spatial distribution of seeds in the soil effectively and strive to achieve equal seeding amount,grain spacing and seeding depth,so as to further improve the seeding quality of wheat.In order to achieve this goal,the organic combination of precision seeding and accurate seed casting was put forward.The functions of quantitative seed separation and stable seed transportation of seeder were integrated into the seed casting device to change the form of seed transportation,so as to realize the precision fixed seeding of single grain of wheat.This paper put forward a method based on seed adsorption,point perforation and precision seeding.According to this method,the pinhole-tube wheat precision seeding device was designed.The main working principle is as follows:The outer wall of the seeding wheel is pressed on the soil,and the pinhole seed suction tube is inserted into the soil.When the seeding wheel rolls,the pinhole seed suction tube is driven to rotate.The pneumatic distribution mechanism is connected with the fan that is divided into negative pressure area and positive pressure area to provide pressure for the pinhole seed suction tube in the position of seeding and throwing.The pinhole seed suction tube with negative pressure picks up the seeds in the seed box,and transports the seeds to the soil with the rotation of the seeding wheel.When the pinhole seed suction tube reaches the designated seed drop point,it is in the positive pressure area of the pneumatic distribution mechanism.The seed suction hole changes from negative pressure to positive pressure,and seeds are blown into the soil to complete the sowing.According to the number of basic seedlings required by precision seeding method,the planting frequency was calculated to determine the plant spacing.The appropriate directional planting distance was 2.73 cm and the spacing angle in seeding wheel of pinhole seed suction tube was 15.65°.When the pinhole seed suction tube was inserted into the soil,the rotation of seeding wheel and other factors would produce displacement in the soil.The stirring distance in the soil was 7.86 cm by calculating,which was greater than the plant spacing.3 rows should be arranged because of the less the row number of pinhole seed suction tube,the greater the absolute distance between 2 plants.The seed suction hole diameter had a great influence on seed suction effect by studying the principle of pinhole seed suction tube to absorb seed.The mechanical model of seed suction was established when seed suction holes were arranged in different positions of pinhole seed suction tube.The factors arranged from largest to smallest by the seed suction force requirement was reverse side of contact soil surface,top surface and contact soil surface.It was concluded that it would have a great influence on seed suction by analyzing the seed suction surface shape of pinhole seed suction tube.Therefore,the above 3 factors were taken as influencing factors,and the orthogonal test was conducted with the parameters of leakage seed index,multiple seed index and single seed index.The optimum combination was obtained as follows:the seed suction hole position was in the top surface,the seed suction hole diameter was 2 mm,and the seed suction surface shape was convex.Under the condition of optimal parameter combination,the experimental results showed that the leakage seed index was 4.1%,the multiple seed index was 7.3%,and the single seed index was 88.6%,which met the design requirements.By analyzing the experimental data,it was concluded that the 3 factors had significant influence on the experimental results.The reliability of the theoretical analysis results was verified by comparing with the experimental results.The rationality analysis of the differences between the results and analysis is carried out to lay a foundation for further research.It provides a reference for the design and performance improvement of precision seeding machinery and promotes the development of precise seeding on point of wheat.
Precise seeding on point is a wheat seeding method which can control the spatial distribution of seeds in the soil effectively and strive to achieve equal seeding amount,grain spacing and seeding depth,so as to further improve the seeding quality of wheat.In order to achieve this goal,the organic combination of precision seeding and accurate seed casting was put forward.The functions of quantitative seed separation and stable seed transportation of seeder were integrated into the seed casting device to change the form of seed transportation,so as to realize the precision fixed seeding of single grain of wheat.This paper put forward a method based on seed adsorption,point perforation and precision seeding.According to this method,the pinhole-tube wheat precision seeding device was designed.The main working principle is as follows:The outer wall of the seeding wheel is pressed on the soil,and the pinhole seed suction tube is inserted into the soil.When the seeding wheel rolls,the pinhole seed suction tube is driven to rotate.The pneumatic distribution mechanism is connected with the fan that is divided into negative pressure area and positive pressure area to provide pressure for the pinhole seed suction tube in the position of seeding and throwing.The pinhole seed suction tube with negative pressure picks up the seeds in the seed box,and transports the seeds to the soil with the rotation of the seeding wheel.When the pinhole seed suction tube reaches the designated seed drop point,it is in the positive pressure area of the pneumatic distribution mechanism.The seed suction hole changes from negative pressure to positive pressure,and seeds are blown into the soil to complete the sowing.According to the number of basic seedlings required by precision seeding method,the planting frequency was calculated to determine the plant spacing.The appropriate directional planting distance was 2.73 cm and the spacing angle in seeding wheel of pinhole seed suction tube was 15.65°.When the pinhole seed suction tube was inserted into the soil,the rotation of seeding wheel and other factors would produce displacement in the soil.The stirring distance in the soil was 7.86 cm by calculating,which was greater than the plant spacing.3 rows should be arranged because of the less the row number of pinhole seed suction tube,the greater the absolute distance between 2 plants.The seed suction hole diameter had a great influence on seed suction effect by studying the principle of pinhole seed suction tube to absorb seed.The mechanical model of seed suction was established when seed suction holes were arranged in different positions of pinhole seed suction tube.The factors arranged from largest to smallest by the seed suction force requirement was reverse side of contact soil surface,top surface and contact soil surface.It was concluded that it would have a great influence on seed suction by analyzing the seed suction surface shape of pinhole seed suction tube.Therefore,the above 3 factors were taken as influencing factors,and the orthogonal test was conducted with the parameters of leakage seed index,multiple seed index and single seed index.The optimum combination was obtained as follows:the seed suction hole position was in the top surface,the seed suction hole diameter was 2 mm,and the seed suction surface shape was convex.Under the condition of optimal parameter combination,the experimental results showed that the leakage seed index was 4.1%,the multiple seed index was 7.3%,and the single seed index was 88.6%,which met the design requirements.By analyzing the experimental data,it was concluded that the 3 factors had significant influence on the experimental results.The reliability of the theoretical analysis results was verified by comparing with the experimental results.The rationality analysis of the differences between the results and analysis is carried out to lay a foundation for further research.It provides a reference for the design and performance improvement of precision seeding machinery and promotes the development of precise seeding on point of wheat.
引文
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[4]Belenkov A I,Tyumakov A,Sabo U.Implementation of precision farming elements in the field experiment[J].Zemledelie,2015(3):37-39.
[5]Soza E L,Agnes D W,Agostinelli F.Variability of wheat seeds distribution by one seeder on three tillage systems,impact in the establish and growth crop[J].Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia(Universidad de Buenos Aires),2010,30(3):123-132.
[6]Iacomi Cristian,Popescu Octavian.A new concept for seed precision planting[J].Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia,2015(6):38-43.
[7]Li Yang,Bingxin Yan,Tao Cui,et al.Global overview of research progress and development of precision maize planters[J].Int J Agric&Biol Eng,2016,9(1):9.
[8]Arzu Yazgi,Degirmencioglu Adnan.Measurement of seed spacing uniformity performance of a precision metering unit as function of the number of holes on vacuum plate[J].Measurement,2014,56:128-135.
[9]王金武,唐汉,周文琪,等.指夹式精量玉米排种器改进设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):68-76.Wang Jinwu,Tang Han,Zhou Wenqi,et al.Improved design and experiment on pickup finger precision seed metering device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):68-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Yasir S H,Liao Qingxi.Simulation of negative pressure behavior using different shapes and positions of pressure inlet and seed hole diameters using ANSYS-CFX to optimize the structure of a pneumatic metering device designed for wheat.[J].Agricultural Engineering International:CIGRJournal,2014,16(4):122-134.
[11]Lei Xiaolong,Liao Yitao,Liao Qingxi.Simulation of seed motion in seed feeding device with DEM-CFD coupling approach for rapeseed and wheat[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2016(131):29-39.
[12]Lei Xiaolong,Liao Yitao,Zhang Qingsong,et al.Numerical simulation of seed motion characteristics of distribution head for rapeseed and wheat[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018(150):98-109.
[13]赵晓顺,于华丽,张晋国,等.槽缝气吸式小麦精量排种器[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(2):48-51,74.Zhao Xiaoshun,Yu Huali,Zhang Jinguo,et al.Slot-type pneumatic precise wheat seed-metering device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(2):48-51,74.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[17]刘宏新,闻浩楠,改广伟,等.被动滚筒式免耕播种成穴机构设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):53-61.Liu Hongxin,Wen Haonan,Gai Guangwei,et al.Design and experiment on passive drum-type no-till planter cavitation mechanism[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):53-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]刘彩玲,魏丹,都鑫,等.宽苗带勾型窝眼轮式小麦精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(1):75-84.Liu Cailing,Wei Dan,Du Xin,et al.Design and test of the wide seedling strip wheat precision hook-hole type seed-metering device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(1):75-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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