支撑对轻量化起升机构力学性能的影响分析
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摘要
起升机构是桥式起重机的重要组成部件,其轻量化设计对整机的工作性能、尺寸、重量和制造成本具有及其重要的影响,是起重机轻量化设计的关键部分。悬空减速器和电机的三支点集成布置比传统的单独组合布置形式,具有重量轻、小车高度低、外形尺寸小等特点,同时这种集成布置对支撑和联接也提出了更高的要求。综合考虑支撑位置和联接方式对起升机构力学性能的影响,提出典型支撑位置和典型支撑件相组合的四种支撑联接方案,开展支撑方案对集成式起升机构力学性能的影响分析。采用有限元和理论分析相结合的方法,建立支撑方案对起升机构的力学模型,分析不同支撑方式下起升机构的受力状态和变形情况。分析结果表明支撑件的支撑位置对起升机构的力学性能有较大的影响:减速器输入轴端的支撑对起升机构的整体变形影响颇大;减速器输出轴端的支撑对整体应力分布影响颇大。
The hoisting mechanism is an important component of bridge crane,lightweight design on which would have a great impact on working performance,size,weight,and manufacturing costs of the whole machine,so it is one critical section of lightweight design on crane. Compared with traditional single combination layout,the integrated layout with suspended reducer and motor supported by three pivots would meet the characteristics for weight loss,lower car height and small shape size,which would put forward higher requirements on supporting and coupling. In view of the influences of strutting position and connection scheme on mechanical properties for hoisting mechanism,four support schemes based on typical strutting position and strut members have been put forward,which aims to conduct mechanical properties analysis for lightweight hoisting mechanism in different supporting ways influence analysis of supporting scheme over mechanical properties on hoisting mechanism. Based on the combination methods of theoretical calculation and finite element analysis,mechanical models in different supporting schemes have been developed,and the overall deformation and stress distribution on hoisting mechanism have been analyzed in different supporting ways. Results showed that strutting position of strut members have great effects on the mechanical properties on hoisting mechanism:support in the input end of reducer would have great effects on the overall deformation;support in the output end of reducer would have great influences on the whole stress distribution.
The hoisting mechanism is an important component of bridge crane,lightweight design on which would have a great impact on working performance,size,weight,and manufacturing costs of the whole machine,so it is one critical section of lightweight design on crane. Compared with traditional single combination layout,the integrated layout with suspended reducer and motor supported by three pivots would meet the characteristics for weight loss,lower car height and small shape size,which would put forward higher requirements on supporting and coupling. In view of the influences of strutting position and connection scheme on mechanical properties for hoisting mechanism,four support schemes based on typical strutting position and strut members have been put forward,which aims to conduct mechanical properties analysis for lightweight hoisting mechanism in different supporting ways influence analysis of supporting scheme over mechanical properties on hoisting mechanism. Based on the combination methods of theoretical calculation and finite element analysis,mechanical models in different supporting schemes have been developed,and the overall deformation and stress distribution on hoisting mechanism have been analyzed in different supporting ways. Results showed that strutting position of strut members have great effects on the mechanical properties on hoisting mechanism:support in the input end of reducer would have great effects on the overall deformation;support in the output end of reducer would have great influences on the whole stress distribution.
引文
[1]贾旺兴,房师平.起重机起升机构轻量化的研究[J].起重运输机械,2013(6):62-65.(Jia Wang-xing,Fang Shi-ping.Research on lightweight hoisting mechanism of crane[J].Hoisting and Conveying Machinery,2013(6):62-65.)
[2]李水水,范元勋,卜廷春.一种起重机新型起升机构介绍[J].机械设计与制造,2012(5):275-276.(Li Shui-shui,Fan Yuan-xun,Bu Ting-chun.Introduction for new hoisting mechanism of a crane[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2012(5):275-276.)
[3]Wu Xian-wen,Chen Bo,Zhang Dan.The research on optimal design of large metallurgical crane[J].Procedia Engineering,2011(24):783-787.
[4]张玉,丁力.轻量化桥式起重机起升机构的优化[C].传承、创新、智慧与合作:首届物流工程国际会议论文集(一),2012(4):97-100.(Zhang Yu,Ding Li.Optimization of lightweight bridge crane hoisting mechanism[C].Inheritance,Innovation,Wisdom and Cooperation:The First International Conference on Logistics Engineering,2012(4):97-100.)
[5]胡佑成,石绍清.100/20t桥式起重机主起升机构的技术改造[J].起重运输机械,2001(1):28-29.(Hu You-cheng,Shi Shao-qing.Technical transformation of the main lifting mechanism of bridge crane of 100/20t[J].Hoisting and Conveying Machinery,2001(1):28-29.)
[6]陶元芳,邵南曦.起重机起升机构设计方案的经济性分析[J].起重运输机械,2014(6):5-8.(Tao Yuan-fang,Shao Nan-xi.Economic analysis for design schemes of crane hoisting mechanism[J].Hoisting and Conveying Machinery,2014(6):5-8.)
[7]Fan Yuan-xun,Li Shui-shui,Li Xiang-dong.The hoisting mechanism’s dynamic model and dynamic simulation of the bridge crane[C].Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Management Science and Intelligent Control(ICMSIC 2011),2011(3):50-53.
[8]Liu An,He Wei,Li Zhe-kun.Study on dynamic characteristics of the bridge crane hoisting mechanism based on state-space method[J].Advanced Materials Research,2015(739-742):1061-1062.
[9]GB/T 3811—2008起重机设计规范[S].(GB/T 3811—2008 Design rules for cranes[S].)
[10]成大先.机械设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007,11(6):70-80.(Chen Da-xian.Mechanical Design Manual[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007,11(6):70-80.)
（a）支撑方案Ⅰ
[2]李水水,范元勋,卜廷春.一种起重机新型起升机构介绍[J].机械设计与制造,2012(5):275-276.(Li Shui-shui,Fan Yuan-xun,Bu Ting-chun.Introduction for new hoisting mechanism of a crane[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2012(5):275-276.)
[3]Wu Xian-wen,Chen Bo,Zhang Dan.The research on optimal design of large metallurgical crane[J].Procedia Engineering,2011(24):783-787.
[4]张玉,丁力.轻量化桥式起重机起升机构的优化[C].传承、创新、智慧与合作:首届物流工程国际会议论文集(一),2012(4):97-100.(Zhang Yu,Ding Li.Optimization of lightweight bridge crane hoisting mechanism[C].Inheritance,Innovation,Wisdom and Cooperation:The First International Conference on Logistics Engineering,2012(4):97-100.)
[5]胡佑成,石绍清.100/20t桥式起重机主起升机构的技术改造[J].起重运输机械,2001(1):28-29.(Hu You-cheng,Shi Shao-qing.Technical transformation of the main lifting mechanism of bridge crane of 100/20t[J].Hoisting and Conveying Machinery,2001(1):28-29.)
[6]陶元芳,邵南曦.起重机起升机构设计方案的经济性分析[J].起重运输机械,2014(6):5-8.(Tao Yuan-fang,Shao Nan-xi.Economic analysis for design schemes of crane hoisting mechanism[J].Hoisting and Conveying Machinery,2014(6):5-8.)
[7]Fan Yuan-xun,Li Shui-shui,Li Xiang-dong.The hoisting mechanism’s dynamic model and dynamic simulation of the bridge crane[C].Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Management Science and Intelligent Control(ICMSIC 2011),2011(3):50-53.
[8]Liu An,He Wei,Li Zhe-kun.Study on dynamic characteristics of the bridge crane hoisting mechanism based on state-space method[J].Advanced Materials Research,2015(739-742):1061-1062.
[9]GB/T 3811—2008起重机设计规范[S].(GB/T 3811—2008 Design rules for cranes[S].)
[10]成大先.机械设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007,11(6):70-80.(Chen Da-xian.Mechanical Design Manual[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007,11(6):70-80.)
（a）支撑方案Ⅰ