熔体微分静电纺丝纳米纤维高效绿色制备技术
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摘要
纳米纤维在生物医疗、高效过滤及生化防护等领域有着广泛的应用前景。静电纺丝被学术界及工业界认为是最具产业化制备纳米纤维的前景技术之一,其中熔体静电纺丝无需使用溶剂,相比溶液静电纺丝,避免了有毒溶剂残留、回收及处理等问题,是聚合物纳米纤维绿色制造的发展方向。然而,受到装备复杂、工艺滞后的影响,熔体静电纺丝始终未能突破纤维细化难、制备效率低的瓶颈。为此,团队创新提出了熔体微分静电纺丝新方法,经过十余年探索,围绕其工艺、装备、材料及应用等进行了系统的研究,率先实现了500 nm范围内熔体电纺纳米纤维的工业化制备,并建立了世界上第一套熔体微分静电纺丝纳米纤维工业化生产线。本文将从熔体微分静电纺丝的机理、关键技术、纳米纤维批量绿色制造及应用三个方面介绍熔体微分静电纺丝的研究成果及最新进展。
Nanofibers have many potential applications in a variety of areas such as biomedicine,high-efficiency filtration and biochemical protection. Electrospinning is considered as one of the best technologies for nanofiber preparation by both industry and academia. Compared with solution electrospinning,melt electrospinning—which does not require the use of solvents—has the advantages of leaving no toxic solvent residues,and no need for solvent recovery or disposal,and has obvious advantages in the large-scale preparation of polymer nanofibers. However,it is difficult to fabricate nanofibers on a large scale by conventional melt electrospinning due to the high viscosity and low electrical conductivity of materials,and slow development of equipment. Melt differential electrospinning was first proposed by our team about ten years ago,and a series of studies on processes,equipment,materials and applications of melt differential electrospinning have been conducted. At present,nanofibers having a diameter of about 500 nm can been prepared controllably and efficiently by melt differential electrospinning and the world's first melt differential electrospinning nanofiber industrialized production line has been established. In this paper,our research results and the latest developments in melt differential electrospinning are introduced from three aspects: the mechanism of melt differential electrospinning,the key technology of melt differential electrospinning,and the green batch production of nanofibers and their applications.
Nanofibers have many potential applications in a variety of areas such as biomedicine,high-efficiency filtration and biochemical protection. Electrospinning is considered as one of the best technologies for nanofiber preparation by both industry and academia. Compared with solution electrospinning,melt electrospinning—which does not require the use of solvents—has the advantages of leaving no toxic solvent residues,and no need for solvent recovery or disposal,and has obvious advantages in the large-scale preparation of polymer nanofibers. However,it is difficult to fabricate nanofibers on a large scale by conventional melt electrospinning due to the high viscosity and low electrical conductivity of materials,and slow development of equipment. Melt differential electrospinning was first proposed by our team about ten years ago,and a series of studies on processes,equipment,materials and applications of melt differential electrospinning have been conducted. At present,nanofibers having a diameter of about 500 nm can been prepared controllably and efficiently by melt differential electrospinning and the world's first melt differential electrospinning nanofiber industrialized production line has been established. In this paper,our research results and the latest developments in melt differential electrospinning are introduced from three aspects: the mechanism of melt differential electrospinning,the key technology of melt differential electrospinning,and the green batch production of nanofibers and their applications.
引文
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[2]PODGRSKI A,BAAZY A,GRADO'N L.Application of nanofibers to improve the filtration efficiency of the most penetrating aerosol particles in fibrous filters[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2006,61(20):6804-6815.
[3]THAVASI V,SINGH G,RAMAKRISHNA S.Electrospun nanofibers in energy and environmental applications[J].Energy&Environmental Science,2008,1(2):205-221.
[4]SCHIFFMAN J D,SCHAUER C L.A review:electrospinning of biopolymer nanofibers and their applications[J].Polymer Reviews,2008,48(2):317-352.
[5]肖桂花,李好义,李小虎,等.流体微分静电纺丝喷头设计的研究进展[J].纺织学报,2014,35(12):153-158.XIAO G H,LI H Y,LI X H,et al.Research progress of fluid differential electrostatic spinning nozzle design[J].Journal of Textile Research,2014,35(12):153-158.(in Chinese)
[6]ZHANG L H,DUAN X P,YAN X,et al.Recent advances in melt electrospinning[J].RSC Advances,2016,6(58):53400-53414.
[7]RENEKER D H,CHUN I.Nanometre diameter fibres of polymer,produced by electrospinning[J].Nanotechnology,1996,7(3):216-223.
[8]BHARDWAJ N,KUNDU S C.Electrospinning:a fascinating fiber fabrication technique[J].Biotechnology Advances,2010,28(3):325-347.
[9]PERSANO L,CAMPOSEO A,TEKMEN C,et al.Industrial upscaling of electrospinning and applications of polymer nanofibers:a review[J].Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2013,298(5):504-520.
[10]HUTMACHER D W,DALTON P D.Melt electrospinning[J].Chemistry—An Asian Journal,2011,6(1):44-56.
[11]刘太奇,许远秦,操彬彬,等.熔体静电纺丝及其装置的研究进展[J].新技术新工艺,2009(12):93-96.LIU T Q,XU Y Q,CAO B B,et al.Research development on melt-electrospinning and its equipments[J].New Technology&New Process,2009(12):93-96.(in Chinese)
[12]王肖娜,李莘,王宏,等.熔体静电纺丝研究进展[J].高分子通报,2013(7):15-26.WANG X N,LI S,WANG H,et al.Progress in research of melt-eletrospining[J].Polymer Bulletin,2013(7):15-26.(in Chinese)
[13]BROWN T D,DALTONA P D,HUTMACHER D W.Melt electrospinning today:an opportune time for an emerging polymer process[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2016,56:116-166.
[14]杨卫民,李好义,陈宏波,等.超细纤维熔体微分静电纺丝原理及设备[J].橡塑技术与装备,2014(2):47-49.YANG W M,LI H Y,CHEN H B,et al.Microfiber melt differential electrospinning principle and equipment[J].China Rubber/Plastics Technology and Equipment,2014(2):47-49.(in Chinese)
[15]LARRONDO L,MANLEY R S J.Electrostatic fiber spinning from polymer melts.I.Experimental observations on fiber formation and properties[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part B:Polymer Physics,1981,19(6):909-920.
[16]CHO D,ZHMAYEV E,JOO Y L.Structural studies of electrospun nylon 6 fibers from solution and melt[J].Polymer,2011,52(20):4600-4609.
[17]ZHMAYEV E,CHO D,YONG L J.Electrohydrodynamic quenching in polymer melt electrospinning[J].Physics of Fluids,2011,23(7):1917.
[18]OGATA N,YAMAGUCHI S,SHIMADA N,et al.Poly(lactide)nanofibers produced by a melt-electrospinning system with a laser melting device[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2010,104(3):1640-1645.
[19]王娇娜,王哲,李秀艳,等.激光熔融静电纺丝法制备PLLA/PCL/n HA复合纤维支架及细胞相容性评价[J].化工新型材料,2014(12):81-84.WANG J N,WANG Z,LI X Y,et al.Preparation and cell-compatibility of PLLA/PCL/n HA composite scoffolds prepared by laser melt-electrospinning[J].New Chemical Materials,2014(12):81-84.(in Chinese)
[20]YAN X,DUAN X P,YU S X,et al.Portable melt electrospinning apparatus without an extra electricity supply[J].RSC Advances,2017,7(53):33132-33136.
[21]HUANG F L,WEI Q F,CAI Y B.Surface structures and contact angles of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride)nanofiber membranes[J].Int J Polym Anal Charact,2008,13(4):292-301.
[22]QIN Y X,CHENG L S,ZHANG Y P,et al.Efficient preparation of poly(lactic acid)nanofibers by melt differential electrospinning with addition of acetyl tributyl citrate[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2018,135(31):46554.
[23]MA X L,ZHANG L Y,TAN J,et al.Continuous manufacturing of nanofiber yarn with the assistance of suction wind and rotating collection via needleless melt electrospinning[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2017,134(20):44820.
[24]李好义.熔体微分静电纺丝原理、方法与设备[D].北京:北京化工大学,2014.LI H Y.Principle,method,and equipment of melt differential electrospinning[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[25]杨卫民,邓荣坚,刘勇,等.一种高效率的静电纺丝喷头:ZL200810105401.8[P].2008-04-30.YANG W M,DENG R J,LIU Y,et al.A highly efficient nozzle for electrospinning:ZL200810105401.8[P].2008-04-30.(in Chinese)
[26]CHEN H B,LI H Y,MA X L,et al.Large scaled fabrication of microfibers by air-suction assisted needleless melt electrospinning[J].Fibers and Polymers,2016,17(4):576-581.
[27]FANG J,ZHANG L,SUTTON D,et al.Needleless meltelectrospinning of polypropylene nanofibres[J].Journal of Nanomaterials,2012:382639.doi:10.1155/2012/382639.
[28]KOMAREK M,MARTINOVA L.Design and evaluation of melt-electrospinning electrodes[J].Antennas&Propagation Society International Symposium,2010,3(15):1708-1711.
[29]邓荣坚,刘勇,丁玉梅,等.熔体静电纺丝法制备微纳米纤维的探索[J].材料科学与工艺,2010,18(3):425-428,433.DENG R J,LIU Y,DING Y M,et al.Investigation on producing micro-nano fibers by melt electrospinning[J].Materials Science and Technology,2010,18(3):425-428,433.(in Chinese)
[30]刘兆香,李好义,陈宏波,等.熔体静电纺丝射流下落的动态变化规律[J].高分子通报,2014(4):44-49.LIU Z X,LI H Y,CHEN H B,et al.Dynamics of jet falling process during melt electrospinning[J].Polymer Bulletin,2014(4):44-49.(in Chinese)
[31]LIU Y,LIU Z X,DENG L,et al.Experimental study on falling process of melt electrospinning fiber[J].Key Engineering Materials,2013,561(8):36-40.
[32]LIU Z X,LIU Y,DING Y M,et al.Tug of war effect in melt electrospinning[J].Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics,2013,202(12):131-136.
[33]王欣,刘勇,阎华,等.熔体静电纺丝纤维下落过程的DPD探索模拟[J].化工学报,2012(1):320-324.WANG X,LIU Y,YAN H,et al.DPD simulation of fiber falling in melt electrospinning[J].CIESC Journal,2012(1):320-324.(in Chinese)
[34]陈宏波.熔体微分静电纺丝气辅细化及多锥面增效工艺及机理研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.CHEN H B.Study on technology and mechanism about airflow assisted fiber refinment and multi-cone synergistic of melt differential electrospinning[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[35]LI H Y,CHEN H B,ZHONG X F,et al.Interjet distance in needleless melt differential electrospinning with umbellate nozzles[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2014,131(15):338-347.
[36]DENG R J,LIU Y,DING Y M,et al.Melt electrospinning of low-density polyethylene having a low-melt flow index[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2009,114(1):166-175.
[37]高崎緑.紡糸[J].成型加工,2012,24(7):360-364.GAO Q L.Spinning[J].Forming Process,2012,24(7):360-364.(in Japanese)
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