擎天树与桉树萌芽林混交造林效果及经济效益分析
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摘要
【目的】分析擎天树与桉树萌芽林混交造林的效果及经济效益,为擎天树和桉树混交造林模式推广提供参考依据。【方法】采用固定样方方法连续3年测量擎天树与桉树萌芽林混交林的生长量,同时采用财务净现值法对造林投入和产出进行经济效益分析。【结果】5年生擎天树与桉树萌芽林混交林中擎天树平均树高和胸径分别为3.31 m和3.04 cm,年均生长量分别为0.66 m和0.61 cm;桉树平均胸径、树高和材积的生长量分别为15.63 cm、17.79 m和99.00m3/ha;混交林投资项目第5年的财务净现值为630.00元/ha,财务内部收益率为12.57%,年均利润达3774.00元/ha,年均利润率为10.61%。【结论】从造林效果和经济效益两方面考量,擎天树与桉树萌芽林混交是较理想的混交造林模式。
【Objective】In present study,afforestation effects and economic benefit of Parashorea chinensis-Eucalyptus mixed plantation were analyzed in order to provide reference for promotion of the mixed palantation model.【Method】Fixed quadrate method was adopted to measure the growth of P.chinensis-Eucalyptus mixed plantation for three consecutive years.Meanwhile,afforestation costs and benefits were analyzed using net present value method.【Result】In five-year-old P.chinensis-Eucalyptus mixed plantation,average tree height of P.chinensis was 3.31 m,average annual growth of tree height was 0.66 m;average diameter at breast height(DBH)was 3.04 cm,and average annual growth of DBH was0.61 cm.In terms of Eucalyptus,average annual growth of DBH was 15.63 cm,that of tree height was 17.79 m and that of volume was 99.00 m3/ha.In the 5thyear of investment,financial net present value was 630.00 yuan/ha,financial internal rate of return 12.57%,average annual profit 3774.00 yuan/ha and annual average profit rate 10.61%.【Conclusion】P.chinensis-Eucalyptus mixed plantation is an ideal afforestation mode considering it afforestation effects and economic benefits.
【Objective】In present study,afforestation effects and economic benefit of Parashorea chinensis-Eucalyptus mixed plantation were analyzed in order to provide reference for promotion of the mixed palantation model.【Method】Fixed quadrate method was adopted to measure the growth of P.chinensis-Eucalyptus mixed plantation for three consecutive years.Meanwhile,afforestation costs and benefits were analyzed using net present value method.【Result】In five-year-old P.chinensis-Eucalyptus mixed plantation,average tree height of P.chinensis was 3.31 m,average annual growth of tree height was 0.66 m;average diameter at breast height(DBH)was 3.04 cm,and average annual growth of DBH was0.61 cm.In terms of Eucalyptus,average annual growth of DBH was 15.63 cm,that of tree height was 17.79 m and that of volume was 99.00 m3/ha.In the 5thyear of investment,financial net present value was 630.00 yuan/ha,financial internal rate of return 12.57%,average annual profit 3774.00 yuan/ha and annual average profit rate 10.61%.【Conclusion】P.chinensis-Eucalyptus mixed plantation is an ideal afforestation mode considering it afforestation effects and economic benefits.
引文
安黔宁,韦海霞,冯邦贤.2016.贵州佛顶山中亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种组成与结构[J].贵州农业科学,44(11):12-16.An Q N,Wei H X,Feng B X.2016.Community composition and structure of the mid-subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Foding Mountain of Guizhou[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,44(11):12-16.
陈爱国,邹寿青,吴玉芳.1992.望天树的造林方式及其效果的初步研究[J].广东林业科技,(4):29-31.Chen A G,Zou S Q,Wu Y F.1992.A preliminary study on the afforestation effect of Parashorea chinensis[J].Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology,(4):29-31.
邓邵林,吴明志,梁秋水.2007.阔叶擎天树人工造林前景[J].广西热带农业,(3):39.Deng S L,Wu M Z,Liang Q S.2007.Broadleaf Shorea chinensis artificial afforestation prospect[J].Guangxi Tropical Agriculture,(3):39.
何友均,覃林,李智勇,邵梅香,梁星云,谭玲.2012.西南桦纯林与西南桦×红椎混交林碳贮量比较[J].生态学报,32(23):7586-7594.He Y J,Qin L,Li Z Y,Shao M X,Liang X Y,Tan L.2012.Carbon storage capacity of a Betula alnoides stand and a mixed Betula alnoides×Castanopsis hystrix stand in Southern Subtropical China:A comparison study[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(23):7586-7594.
黄春妹,何应会,邓荔生,曾佩玲,韦铄星,王勇.2014.珍贵阔叶树种多树种混交造林生长比较研究[J].安徽农学通报,20(22):101-102.Huang C M,He Y H,Deng L S,Zeng P L,Wei S X,Wang Y.2014.Comparative study on the growth effect of mixed forest of multiple rare tree species[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,20(22):101-102.
黄和亮,吴景贤,许少洪,王小梅,曹辉.2007.桉树工业原料林的投资经济效益与最佳经济轮伐期[J].林业科学,43(6):128-134.Huang H L,Wu J X,Xu S H,Wang X M,Cao H.2007.Evaluation of investment economic revenue and confirmation of the best economic cutting cycle of industrial raw material forest Eucalyptus[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,43(6):128-134.
黄松殿,梁机,梁小春,黄银珊,杜加加.2012.不同育苗基质对擎天树容器苗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,28(4):28-31.Huang S D,Liang J,Liang X C,Huang Y S,Du J J.2012.Effect of different nursery substrates on container seedlings growth of Parashorea chinensis[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,28(4):28-31.
金晓瑾,殷晓松,许毅涛.2015.不同光照和土壤水分对望天树种子发芽的影响[J].安徽农业科学,43(2):168-169.Jin X J,Yin X S,Xu Y T.2015.Effect of different illumination intensity and soil moisture on Parashorea chinensis seed germination[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,43(2):168-169.
梁机,杜加加,罗桂强,苏金俊,郑岚芳.2012.不同育苗方式及种粒大小对擎天树苗木生长的影响[J].南方农业学报,43(12):2025-2029.Liang J,Du J J,Luo G Q,Su J J,Zheng L F.2012.Effects of different seedling-raising methods and seed sizes on the nursery stock growth of Parashorea chinensis[J].Journal of Southern Agricultural,43(12):2025-2029.
梁建平.2001.广西珍稀濒危树种[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社.Liang J P.2001.A Rare and Endangered Tree Species in Guangxi[M].Nanning:Science and Technology Press of Guangxi.
罗达,史作民,唐敬超,刘世荣,卢立华.2014.南亚热带乡土树种人工纯林及混交林土壤微生物群落结构[J].应用生态学报,25(9):2543-2550.Luo D,Shi Z M,Tang J C,Liu S R,Lu L H.2014.Soil microbial community structure of monoculture and mixed plantation stands of nativetree species in south subtropical China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,25(9):2543-2550.
覃林,何友均,李智勇,邵梅香,梁星云,谭玲.2011.南亚热带红椎马尾松纯林及其混交林生物量和生产力分配格局[J].林业科学,47(12):17-21.Qin L,He Y J,Li Z Y,Shao M X,Liang X Y,Tan L.2011.Allocation pattern of biomass and productivity for three plantations of Castanopsis hystrix,Pinus massoniana and their mixture in south subtropical area of Guangxi,China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,47(12):17-21.
苏勇,秦武明,蒙好生,覃静,韦中绵,钟志兴.2012.山白兰人工林经济效益评价[J].西北林学院学报,27(1):260-264.Su Y,Qin W M,Meng H S,Qin J,Wei Z M,Zhong Z X.2012.Evaluation of economic benefit of Paramichelia baillonii plantation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,27(1):260-264.
唐建维,邹寿青.2008.望天树人工林林木个体前期生长节律的研究[J].西部林业科学,37(4):45-48.Tang J W,Zou S Q.2008.Study on growth rhythm of Parashorea chinensis individuals in man-made forest[J].Joumal of West China Forestry Science,37(4):45-48.
汤文彪.2008.红锥马尾松混交林效益与营造技术[J].安徽农学通报,14(15):169-171.Tang W B.2008.Benefits and construction techniques of Castanopsis hystrix and Pinus massoniana mixed forest[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,14(15):169-171.
王兰新,匡增强,王校海.2015.西双版纳望天树群落幼树更新状况调查[J].山东林业科技,(4):88-92.Wang L X,Kuang Z Q,Wang X H.2015.Xishuangbanna Parashorea chinensis community of sapling update status suivey[J].Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,(4):88-92.
闫兴富,曹敏.2007.不同光照对望天树种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,18(1):23-29.Yan X F,Cao M.2007.Effects of light intensity on seed germination and seedling early growth of Shorea wantianshuea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,18(1):23-29.
杨成蔚.1992.超长优质栋梁材---擎天树[J].云南林业,(5):185.Yang C Y.1992.High quality building materials-Parashorea chinensis[J].Yunnan Forestry,(5):185.
姚瑞玲,项东云,陈健波.2012.桉树与乡土阔叶树种混交林的初期生长效应[J].广西林业科学,41(1):9-11.Yao R L,Xiang D Y,Chen J B.2012.Initial growth effect of mixed forests with eucalypt and two native broadleaved tree species of Guangxi[J].Guangxi Forestry Science,41(1):9-11.
殷寿华,帅建国.1990.望天树种子散布、萌发及其种群龄级配备的关系研究[J].云南植物研究,12(1):415-425.Yin S H,Shuai J G.1990.Study on the feuiting behavior,seedling establishment and population age classes of Parashorea chinensis[J].Acta Botanica Yunnancia,12(1):415-425.
张宏达,任善湘.1998.中国植物志(第49卷第3分册)[M].北京:科学出版社.Zhang H D,Ren S X.1998.Flora of China(Volume 49 Fascicle3)[M].Beijing:Science Press.
赵丽华.2015.珍贵树种擎天树的造林技术[J].农业与技术,35(22):69-70.Zhao L H.2015.Afforestation of Parashorea chinensis[J].Agriculture and Technology,35(22):69-70.
陈爱国,邹寿青,吴玉芳.1992.望天树的造林方式及其效果的初步研究[J].广东林业科技,(4):29-31.Chen A G,Zou S Q,Wu Y F.1992.A preliminary study on the afforestation effect of Parashorea chinensis[J].Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology,(4):29-31.
邓邵林,吴明志,梁秋水.2007.阔叶擎天树人工造林前景[J].广西热带农业,(3):39.Deng S L,Wu M Z,Liang Q S.2007.Broadleaf Shorea chinensis artificial afforestation prospect[J].Guangxi Tropical Agriculture,(3):39.
何友均,覃林,李智勇,邵梅香,梁星云,谭玲.2012.西南桦纯林与西南桦×红椎混交林碳贮量比较[J].生态学报,32(23):7586-7594.He Y J,Qin L,Li Z Y,Shao M X,Liang X Y,Tan L.2012.Carbon storage capacity of a Betula alnoides stand and a mixed Betula alnoides×Castanopsis hystrix stand in Southern Subtropical China:A comparison study[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(23):7586-7594.
黄春妹,何应会,邓荔生,曾佩玲,韦铄星,王勇.2014.珍贵阔叶树种多树种混交造林生长比较研究[J].安徽农学通报,20(22):101-102.Huang C M,He Y H,Deng L S,Zeng P L,Wei S X,Wang Y.2014.Comparative study on the growth effect of mixed forest of multiple rare tree species[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,20(22):101-102.
黄和亮,吴景贤,许少洪,王小梅,曹辉.2007.桉树工业原料林的投资经济效益与最佳经济轮伐期[J].林业科学,43(6):128-134.Huang H L,Wu J X,Xu S H,Wang X M,Cao H.2007.Evaluation of investment economic revenue and confirmation of the best economic cutting cycle of industrial raw material forest Eucalyptus[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,43(6):128-134.
黄松殿,梁机,梁小春,黄银珊,杜加加.2012.不同育苗基质对擎天树容器苗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,28(4):28-31.Huang S D,Liang J,Liang X C,Huang Y S,Du J J.2012.Effect of different nursery substrates on container seedlings growth of Parashorea chinensis[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,28(4):28-31.
金晓瑾,殷晓松,许毅涛.2015.不同光照和土壤水分对望天树种子发芽的影响[J].安徽农业科学,43(2):168-169.Jin X J,Yin X S,Xu Y T.2015.Effect of different illumination intensity and soil moisture on Parashorea chinensis seed germination[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,43(2):168-169.
梁机,杜加加,罗桂强,苏金俊,郑岚芳.2012.不同育苗方式及种粒大小对擎天树苗木生长的影响[J].南方农业学报,43(12):2025-2029.Liang J,Du J J,Luo G Q,Su J J,Zheng L F.2012.Effects of different seedling-raising methods and seed sizes on the nursery stock growth of Parashorea chinensis[J].Journal of Southern Agricultural,43(12):2025-2029.
梁建平.2001.广西珍稀濒危树种[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社.Liang J P.2001.A Rare and Endangered Tree Species in Guangxi[M].Nanning:Science and Technology Press of Guangxi.
罗达,史作民,唐敬超,刘世荣,卢立华.2014.南亚热带乡土树种人工纯林及混交林土壤微生物群落结构[J].应用生态学报,25(9):2543-2550.Luo D,Shi Z M,Tang J C,Liu S R,Lu L H.2014.Soil microbial community structure of monoculture and mixed plantation stands of nativetree species in south subtropical China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,25(9):2543-2550.
覃林,何友均,李智勇,邵梅香,梁星云,谭玲.2011.南亚热带红椎马尾松纯林及其混交林生物量和生产力分配格局[J].林业科学,47(12):17-21.Qin L,He Y J,Li Z Y,Shao M X,Liang X Y,Tan L.2011.Allocation pattern of biomass and productivity for three plantations of Castanopsis hystrix,Pinus massoniana and their mixture in south subtropical area of Guangxi,China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,47(12):17-21.
苏勇,秦武明,蒙好生,覃静,韦中绵,钟志兴.2012.山白兰人工林经济效益评价[J].西北林学院学报,27(1):260-264.Su Y,Qin W M,Meng H S,Qin J,Wei Z M,Zhong Z X.2012.Evaluation of economic benefit of Paramichelia baillonii plantation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,27(1):260-264.
唐建维,邹寿青.2008.望天树人工林林木个体前期生长节律的研究[J].西部林业科学,37(4):45-48.Tang J W,Zou S Q.2008.Study on growth rhythm of Parashorea chinensis individuals in man-made forest[J].Joumal of West China Forestry Science,37(4):45-48.
汤文彪.2008.红锥马尾松混交林效益与营造技术[J].安徽农学通报,14(15):169-171.Tang W B.2008.Benefits and construction techniques of Castanopsis hystrix and Pinus massoniana mixed forest[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,14(15):169-171.
王兰新,匡增强,王校海.2015.西双版纳望天树群落幼树更新状况调查[J].山东林业科技,(4):88-92.Wang L X,Kuang Z Q,Wang X H.2015.Xishuangbanna Parashorea chinensis community of sapling update status suivey[J].Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,(4):88-92.
闫兴富,曹敏.2007.不同光照对望天树种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,18(1):23-29.Yan X F,Cao M.2007.Effects of light intensity on seed germination and seedling early growth of Shorea wantianshuea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,18(1):23-29.
杨成蔚.1992.超长优质栋梁材---擎天树[J].云南林业,(5):185.Yang C Y.1992.High quality building materials-Parashorea chinensis[J].Yunnan Forestry,(5):185.
姚瑞玲,项东云,陈健波.2012.桉树与乡土阔叶树种混交林的初期生长效应[J].广西林业科学,41(1):9-11.Yao R L,Xiang D Y,Chen J B.2012.Initial growth effect of mixed forests with eucalypt and two native broadleaved tree species of Guangxi[J].Guangxi Forestry Science,41(1):9-11.
殷寿华,帅建国.1990.望天树种子散布、萌发及其种群龄级配备的关系研究[J].云南植物研究,12(1):415-425.Yin S H,Shuai J G.1990.Study on the feuiting behavior,seedling establishment and population age classes of Parashorea chinensis[J].Acta Botanica Yunnancia,12(1):415-425.
张宏达,任善湘.1998.中国植物志(第49卷第3分册)[M].北京:科学出版社.Zhang H D,Ren S X.1998.Flora of China(Volume 49 Fascicle3)[M].Beijing:Science Press.
赵丽华.2015.珍贵树种擎天树的造林技术[J].农业与技术,35(22):69-70.Zhao L H.2015.Afforestation of Parashorea chinensis[J].Agriculture and Technology,35(22):69-70.