网络治理视角下农业科技创新发展的路径研究——基于农业试验示范站的实践分析
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摘要
[目的]农业科技的广泛应用是农业现代化发展的重要标志,农业试验示范站是提升农业科技水平的重要手段。[方法]文章以杨凌农业科技示范推广模式的典型代表——试验示范站作为研究对象,借助网络治理理论研究我国农业技术推广模式的特征和经验,分析农业技术推广过程中涉及的多方主体的职能定位,构建农业技术推广治理网络,同时通过深入分析市场机制和宏观调控机制的作用机理和作用过程,研究各方利益相对主体的关系,为创新农业科技示范推广机制构建提供理论支持。[结果]从网络类型的视角看,试验示范站是政府推动、基层农技试验示范站具体操作实施的政府参与型的网络治理模式;从网络主体的视角看,以试验示范站为主体,联动政府相关部门、普通农户等各个主体在技术推广过程中的行为;从网络运行的视角来看,通过从网络治理的主体因素、关系因素和环境因素等方面分析影响杨凌农业试验示范站网络治理效果的一些具体因素。[结论]政府参与型的农业科技示范推广模式通过政府推动、基层农技试验示范站具体操作实施、普通农户参与落实等一系列的技术推广过程实现了农业科技创新发展,该模式是最有效的农业科技创新发展路径之一。
The extensive application of agricultural science and technology is an important symbol of the development of agricultural modernization,and agricultural test and demonstration station is an important means to improve the level of agricultural science and technology. In this paper,the typical demonstration of agricultural science and technology demonstration model in Yangling Demonstration Zone,the experimental demonstration station was taken as the research object. With the help of the theory of network governance,this paper studied the characteristics and experiences of agricultural technology extension mode in China, analyzed the functional orientation of various subjects involved in the process of agricultural technology extension,and constructed the agricultural technology extension governance network. Meanwhile,through the in-depth analysis of the market mechanism and macro-control mechanism of the role of mechanisms and processes,it studied the relationship between the interests of the parties to the main body for innovative agricultural science and technology demonstration and extension mechanism to provide theoretical support. From the perspective of network type,the agricultural experimental demonstration station is a participatory network governance mode promoted by the government and implemented by the grass-roots agricultural technology experimental demonstration station. From the perspective of the network subject,the experimental demonstration station is the main body,the relevant government departments,ordinary farmers and other subjects are in the process of technology promotion behavior. From the viewpoint of network operation,some specific factors affecting the network governance effect of Yangling Demonstration Zone were analyzed from the aspects of the main factors,relationship factors and environmental factors of network governance. The model of government participation in agricultural science and technology demonstration and extension has realized the innovation and development of agricultural science and technology through a series of technical extension processes,such as government promotion,concrete operation and implementation of grass-roots agricultural technology demonstration station,participation of ordinary farmers,etc. This model is one of the most effective ways to develop agricultural science and technology innovation.
The extensive application of agricultural science and technology is an important symbol of the development of agricultural modernization,and agricultural test and demonstration station is an important means to improve the level of agricultural science and technology. In this paper,the typical demonstration of agricultural science and technology demonstration model in Yangling Demonstration Zone,the experimental demonstration station was taken as the research object. With the help of the theory of network governance,this paper studied the characteristics and experiences of agricultural technology extension mode in China, analyzed the functional orientation of various subjects involved in the process of agricultural technology extension,and constructed the agricultural technology extension governance network. Meanwhile,through the in-depth analysis of the market mechanism and macro-control mechanism of the role of mechanisms and processes,it studied the relationship between the interests of the parties to the main body for innovative agricultural science and technology demonstration and extension mechanism to provide theoretical support. From the perspective of network type,the agricultural experimental demonstration station is a participatory network governance mode promoted by the government and implemented by the grass-roots agricultural technology experimental demonstration station. From the perspective of the network subject,the experimental demonstration station is the main body,the relevant government departments,ordinary farmers and other subjects are in the process of technology promotion behavior. From the viewpoint of network operation,some specific factors affecting the network governance effect of Yangling Demonstration Zone were analyzed from the aspects of the main factors,relationship factors and environmental factors of network governance. The model of government participation in agricultural science and technology demonstration and extension has realized the innovation and development of agricultural science and technology through a series of technical extension processes,such as government promotion,concrete operation and implementation of grass-roots agricultural technology demonstration station,participation of ordinary farmers,etc. This model is one of the most effective ways to develop agricultural science and technology innovation.
引文
[1]周敏丹,尹志锋.农业科技推广、资本深化与就业替代——基于国家科技富民强县专项行动计划的实证分析.经济学家,2017(5):91-96.
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[3]李英.丝路经济带地区农业转型升级的机遇与路径选择.中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(5):160-165.
[4]王慧军.农业技术推广学.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[5]钟秋波.我国农业科技推广体制创新研究.西南财经大学,2013.
[6]孟志伟.加强公益性农技推广体系建设的途径和方法.安徽农学通报,2009,15(3):3-4.
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[8]何得桂.科技兴农中的基层农业科技推广服务模式创新——“农业试验示范站”的经验与反思.生态经济,2013(2):141-144.
[9]杜华章,赵桂平,严桂珠.江苏农业科技推广体系建设探索与创新.山西农业科学,2016,44(1):85-91.
[10]付在秋,罗慧,周维维,等.农业高校与科研机构农业科技推广新模式的思考.广东农业科学,2011,38(22):185-188.
[11]彭凌凤.农业科技推广模式的创新探索——新农村发展研究院服务农业科技推广的模式比较.农村经济,2017(2):104-109.
[12] Stephen Gildsmith,Willian D. Eggers. Governing by Network:The New Shape of the Public Sector. Washington DC:The Brookings Institution Press,2004:5-6.
[13]陈振明.公共管理学——一种不同于传统行政学的研究途径.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003. 86.
[14]鄞益奋.网络治理:公共管理的新框架.公共管理学报,2009(11):89-96.
[15]孙柏瑛,李卓青.政策网络治理:公共治理的新途径.中国行政管理,2008(5):104-109.
[16]朱祥,朱维魁.杨凌农业科技示范推广基地调查与研究.浙江农业科学,2018,59(7):1305-1311,1318.
[17]刘波,李娜.网络化治理——面向中国地方政府的理论与实践.北京:清华大学出版社,2014.
[18]唐敏.杨凌示范区清涧红枣示范站运行现状与对策研究.西安交通大学. 2015.
[19]姚引良,刘波,王少军,等.地方政府网络治理多主体合作效果影响因素研究.中国软科学,2010(1):138-149.
[2]陈红玲.农业科技资源与农业经济发展的关系研究——以东部地区为例.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(9):220-224.
[3]李英.丝路经济带地区农业转型升级的机遇与路径选择.中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(5):160-165.
[4]王慧军.农业技术推广学.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[5]钟秋波.我国农业科技推广体制创新研究.西南财经大学,2013.
[6]孟志伟.加强公益性农技推广体系建设的途径和方法.安徽农学通报,2009,15(3):3-4.
[7]高道才,林志强.农业科技推广服务体制和运行机制创新研究.中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2015(1):93-97.
[8]何得桂.科技兴农中的基层农业科技推广服务模式创新——“农业试验示范站”的经验与反思.生态经济,2013(2):141-144.
[9]杜华章,赵桂平,严桂珠.江苏农业科技推广体系建设探索与创新.山西农业科学,2016,44(1):85-91.
[10]付在秋,罗慧,周维维,等.农业高校与科研机构农业科技推广新模式的思考.广东农业科学,2011,38(22):185-188.
[11]彭凌凤.农业科技推广模式的创新探索——新农村发展研究院服务农业科技推广的模式比较.农村经济,2017(2):104-109.
[12] Stephen Gildsmith,Willian D. Eggers. Governing by Network:The New Shape of the Public Sector. Washington DC:The Brookings Institution Press,2004:5-6.
[13]陈振明.公共管理学——一种不同于传统行政学的研究途径.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003. 86.
[14]鄞益奋.网络治理:公共管理的新框架.公共管理学报,2009(11):89-96.
[15]孙柏瑛,李卓青.政策网络治理:公共治理的新途径.中国行政管理,2008(5):104-109.
[16]朱祥,朱维魁.杨凌农业科技示范推广基地调查与研究.浙江农业科学,2018,59(7):1305-1311,1318.
[17]刘波,李娜.网络化治理——面向中国地方政府的理论与实践.北京:清华大学出版社,2014.
[18]唐敏.杨凌示范区清涧红枣示范站运行现状与对策研究.西安交通大学. 2015.
[19]姚引良,刘波,王少军,等.地方政府网络治理多主体合作效果影响因素研究.中国软科学,2010(1):138-149.