美国支持性就业服务:理念、模式和成效
|
摘要
20世纪80年代以来,美国障碍人士支持性就业服务逐渐取代庇护性就业服务。在"就业第一"和"所有人就业"的价值驱动下,支持性就业服务认为就业是人们的基本权利和基本生活方式,并力图整合职业康复和教育训练。美国通过立法保障、政府推动、研究实践探索和创新,使支持性就业有效地促进残障者融入社会、获得有竞争力的就业结果,从而实现生活质量提升。
The supported employment( SE),regarding employment as right and living model of people with development disabilities,based on"employment first"and"employment for all",is used instead of traditional sheltered employment from late of 1980 s in USA. SE service,focusing on integrating vocational rehabilitation with career education and training through the federal and state laws,programs of state governments,and researches,have been developing and innovating incessantly,and have become the main path of improving the life of quality for persons with development disabilities through integrating the employment with communities and gaining the outcome of competitive employment.
The supported employment( SE),regarding employment as right and living model of people with development disabilities,based on"employment first"and"employment for all",is used instead of traditional sheltered employment from late of 1980 s in USA. SE service,focusing on integrating vocational rehabilitation with career education and training through the federal and state laws,programs of state governments,and researches,have been developing and innovating incessantly,and have become the main path of improving the life of quality for persons with development disabilities through integrating the employment with communities and gaining the outcome of competitive employment.
引文
[1]Glassel A.Rauch A.Selb M.Emmenegger K.Luckenkemper M.&EscorpizoR.A case study on the application of International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF)-based tools for vocational rehabilitation in spinal cord injury[J].Work,2012,41(4),465-474.
[2]Wehman P.Integrated employment:If not now,when?If not us,who?[J].Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities.2006,31(2),122-126.
[3]Andy SKC.Frank PFC.Manfred SMF.&Raymond WCA.A review of supported employment services for people with mental disabilities in Hong Kong[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2015,42,75-83.
[4]Michon H.Ketklaars D.Weeghel JV&Smit F.Accessibility of government-run sheltered workshops to people with psychiatric histories[J].Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,1998,3,254-257.
[5]Wehman P.Competitive employment:New horizons for severely disabled individuals[M].Baltimore:Paul H.Brookes Publishing;1981,270.
[6]Wehman P.et al.Twenty-five years of APSE:The Association of People Supporting Employment First[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 38(2013)157-162.
[7]Wehman P.&Kregel J.At the crossroads:Supported employment a decade later[J].Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 1995,20,286-299.
[8]Wong K.ChiuR.Tang B.Mak D.Liu J.&Chiu S.A randomized controlled trial of a supported employment program for persons with long-term mental illness in Hong Kong[J].Psychiatric Services.2008,59(1),84.
[9]Oldman J.Thomson L.Calsaferri K.Luke A.&Bond G.A case report of the conversion of sheltered employment to evidence-based supported employment in Canada[J].Psychiatric Services.2005,56(11),1436.
[10]Zito W.Greig T.Wexler B.&Bell M.Predictors of onsite vocational support for people with schizophrenia in supported employment[J].Schizophrenia Research.2007,94(1-3),81.
[11]Federal Register.State Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program:Final Rules[M].Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing Office.2001,66(11),4389.
[12]Kiernan W.Hoff D.Freeze S.&Mank D.Employment First:A beginning not an end[J].Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.2011,49,300-304.
[13]Wehman P.Supported Employment:What is it?[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2012,37,139-142.
[14]Stephen B.Francisco de B.Jordán de U.&Miguel AV.A Comparative Study of the Situation of Supported Employment in Europe[J].Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities.2010,7(2),130-136.
[15]Deborah RB.Stephen RB.Linda C.Laura F.&Ruth H.Critical strategies for implementing supported Employment[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2007,27,13-20.
[16]Drake RE.Becker DR.Goldman HH.&Martinez RA.The Johnson&Johnson-Dartmouth community mental health program:Disseminating evidence-based practice[J].Psychiatric Services.2006,42,315-318.
[17]Michael C.Cary G.&Dave H.Twenty years of employment for persons with significant disabilities:A retrospective[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2011,35,163-172.
[18]Butterworth J.&Callahan M.Reestablishing TASH's leadership in employment for persons with severe disabilities.Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities.2010,35,1-4.
[19]Hall AC.Butterworth J.Winsor J.Gilmore D.&Metzel D.Pushing the employment agenda:Case study research of high performing states in integrated employment[J].Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.2007,45,182-98.
[20]Wehman P.Brooke VA.&Revell WG.Inclusive employment:Rolling back segregation of people with disabilities[A].In Wehman P,Inge K.J,Revell WG.Brooke VA.Real work for real pay:Inclusive Employment for people with disabilities[C].Baltimore:Paul Brookes Publishing Company.2007:3-18.
[21]Noble JH.ConleyRW.Banerjee S.&Goodman S.Supported employment in New York State:A comparison of benefits and costs[J].Journal of Disability Policy Studies.1991,2,39-73.
[22]Griffin DK.Rosenberg H.&Cheyney W.A comparison of self-esteem and job satisfaction of adults with mild mental retardation in sheltered workshops and supported employment[J].Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities.1996,31,142-150.
[23]Test DW.Hinson KB.Solow J.&Keul P.Job satisfaction of persons in supported employment[J].Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities.1993,28,38-46.
[24]Kilsby M.&Beyer S.Engagement and interaction:A comparison between supported employment and day service provision[J].Journal of Intellectual Disability Research.1996,40,348-357.
[25]Wehmeyer ML.Employment status and perceptions of control of adults with cognitive and developmental disabilities[J].Research in Developmental Disabilities.1994,15,119-131.
[26]Mc Caughrin WB.Ellis WK.Rusch FR.&Heal LW.Cost-effectiveness of supported employment[J].Mental Retardation.1993,31,41-48.
[27]Blanck PD.Employment integration,economic-opportunity,and the Americans with Disabilities Act:Empirical-study from1990-1993[J].Iowa Law Review.1994,79,853-923.
[28]Cimera RE.Supported versus sheltered employment:Cumulative costs,hours worked,and wages earned[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2011,35,85-92.
[29]Lewis DR.Johnson DR.BruininksRH.Kallsen LA.&GuilleryRP.Is supported employment cost-effective in Minnesota?[J].Journal of Disability Policy Studies.1992,3,67-92.
[30]Beyer S.Kilsby M.&Willson C.Interaction and engagement of workers in supported employment:A British comparison between workers with and without learning disabilities[J].Mental Handicap Research.1995,8,137-155.
[31]Gold P.Meisler N.Santos A.Carnemolla M.Williams O.&Keleher J.Randomized trial of supported employment integrated with assertive community treatment for rural adults with severe mental illness[J].Schizophrenia Bulletin.2006,32(2),378.
[32]Trotter S.Minkoff K.Harrison K.&Hoops J.Supported work:An innovative approach to the vocational rehabilitation of persons who are psychiatrically disabled[J].Rehabilitation Psychology.1988,33(1),27-36.
[33]Blitz L.&Mechanic D.Facilitators and barriers to employment among individuals with psychiatric disabilities:A job coach perspective.Work:A Journal of Prevention,Assessment and Rehabilitation.2006,26(4),407-419.
[34]Chan A.Tsang H.&Li S.Case report of integrated supported employment for a person with severe mental illness[J].The American Journal of Occupational Therapy.2009,63(3),238.
[35]Carlson L.Consumer preference and individualized job search[J].American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation.2007,10(2),123-130.
[36]Patricia NW.David M.Stephen B.Rebecca M.&Ann O.Continuous quality improvement in supported employment:a European perspective[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.1999,12,165-174.
[37]Bonnie KC.Contextual and Program Elements Influencing Supported Employment:A Literature Review[J].Community Mental Health J.Springer Science+Business Media.New York.2016-04-07.
[38]申仁洪.发展性障碍者支持性就业:融合发展视角的职业康复模式[J].现代特殊教育,2016,(18):9-16.
[2]Wehman P.Integrated employment:If not now,when?If not us,who?[J].Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities.2006,31(2),122-126.
[3]Andy SKC.Frank PFC.Manfred SMF.&Raymond WCA.A review of supported employment services for people with mental disabilities in Hong Kong[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2015,42,75-83.
[4]Michon H.Ketklaars D.Weeghel JV&Smit F.Accessibility of government-run sheltered workshops to people with psychiatric histories[J].Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,1998,3,254-257.
[5]Wehman P.Competitive employment:New horizons for severely disabled individuals[M].Baltimore:Paul H.Brookes Publishing;1981,270.
[6]Wehman P.et al.Twenty-five years of APSE:The Association of People Supporting Employment First[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 38(2013)157-162.
[7]Wehman P.&Kregel J.At the crossroads:Supported employment a decade later[J].Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 1995,20,286-299.
[8]Wong K.ChiuR.Tang B.Mak D.Liu J.&Chiu S.A randomized controlled trial of a supported employment program for persons with long-term mental illness in Hong Kong[J].Psychiatric Services.2008,59(1),84.
[9]Oldman J.Thomson L.Calsaferri K.Luke A.&Bond G.A case report of the conversion of sheltered employment to evidence-based supported employment in Canada[J].Psychiatric Services.2005,56(11),1436.
[10]Zito W.Greig T.Wexler B.&Bell M.Predictors of onsite vocational support for people with schizophrenia in supported employment[J].Schizophrenia Research.2007,94(1-3),81.
[11]Federal Register.State Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program:Final Rules[M].Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing Office.2001,66(11),4389.
[12]Kiernan W.Hoff D.Freeze S.&Mank D.Employment First:A beginning not an end[J].Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.2011,49,300-304.
[13]Wehman P.Supported Employment:What is it?[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2012,37,139-142.
[14]Stephen B.Francisco de B.Jordán de U.&Miguel AV.A Comparative Study of the Situation of Supported Employment in Europe[J].Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities.2010,7(2),130-136.
[15]Deborah RB.Stephen RB.Linda C.Laura F.&Ruth H.Critical strategies for implementing supported Employment[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2007,27,13-20.
[16]Drake RE.Becker DR.Goldman HH.&Martinez RA.The Johnson&Johnson-Dartmouth community mental health program:Disseminating evidence-based practice[J].Psychiatric Services.2006,42,315-318.
[17]Michael C.Cary G.&Dave H.Twenty years of employment for persons with significant disabilities:A retrospective[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2011,35,163-172.
[18]Butterworth J.&Callahan M.Reestablishing TASH's leadership in employment for persons with severe disabilities.Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities.2010,35,1-4.
[19]Hall AC.Butterworth J.Winsor J.Gilmore D.&Metzel D.Pushing the employment agenda:Case study research of high performing states in integrated employment[J].Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.2007,45,182-98.
[20]Wehman P.Brooke VA.&Revell WG.Inclusive employment:Rolling back segregation of people with disabilities[A].In Wehman P,Inge K.J,Revell WG.Brooke VA.Real work for real pay:Inclusive Employment for people with disabilities[C].Baltimore:Paul Brookes Publishing Company.2007:3-18.
[21]Noble JH.ConleyRW.Banerjee S.&Goodman S.Supported employment in New York State:A comparison of benefits and costs[J].Journal of Disability Policy Studies.1991,2,39-73.
[22]Griffin DK.Rosenberg H.&Cheyney W.A comparison of self-esteem and job satisfaction of adults with mild mental retardation in sheltered workshops and supported employment[J].Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities.1996,31,142-150.
[23]Test DW.Hinson KB.Solow J.&Keul P.Job satisfaction of persons in supported employment[J].Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities.1993,28,38-46.
[24]Kilsby M.&Beyer S.Engagement and interaction:A comparison between supported employment and day service provision[J].Journal of Intellectual Disability Research.1996,40,348-357.
[25]Wehmeyer ML.Employment status and perceptions of control of adults with cognitive and developmental disabilities[J].Research in Developmental Disabilities.1994,15,119-131.
[26]Mc Caughrin WB.Ellis WK.Rusch FR.&Heal LW.Cost-effectiveness of supported employment[J].Mental Retardation.1993,31,41-48.
[27]Blanck PD.Employment integration,economic-opportunity,and the Americans with Disabilities Act:Empirical-study from1990-1993[J].Iowa Law Review.1994,79,853-923.
[28]Cimera RE.Supported versus sheltered employment:Cumulative costs,hours worked,and wages earned[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2011,35,85-92.
[29]Lewis DR.Johnson DR.BruininksRH.Kallsen LA.&GuilleryRP.Is supported employment cost-effective in Minnesota?[J].Journal of Disability Policy Studies.1992,3,67-92.
[30]Beyer S.Kilsby M.&Willson C.Interaction and engagement of workers in supported employment:A British comparison between workers with and without learning disabilities[J].Mental Handicap Research.1995,8,137-155.
[31]Gold P.Meisler N.Santos A.Carnemolla M.Williams O.&Keleher J.Randomized trial of supported employment integrated with assertive community treatment for rural adults with severe mental illness[J].Schizophrenia Bulletin.2006,32(2),378.
[32]Trotter S.Minkoff K.Harrison K.&Hoops J.Supported work:An innovative approach to the vocational rehabilitation of persons who are psychiatrically disabled[J].Rehabilitation Psychology.1988,33(1),27-36.
[33]Blitz L.&Mechanic D.Facilitators and barriers to employment among individuals with psychiatric disabilities:A job coach perspective.Work:A Journal of Prevention,Assessment and Rehabilitation.2006,26(4),407-419.
[34]Chan A.Tsang H.&Li S.Case report of integrated supported employment for a person with severe mental illness[J].The American Journal of Occupational Therapy.2009,63(3),238.
[35]Carlson L.Consumer preference and individualized job search[J].American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation.2007,10(2),123-130.
[36]Patricia NW.David M.Stephen B.Rebecca M.&Ann O.Continuous quality improvement in supported employment:a European perspective[J].Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.1999,12,165-174.
[37]Bonnie KC.Contextual and Program Elements Influencing Supported Employment:A Literature Review[J].Community Mental Health J.Springer Science+Business Media.New York.2016-04-07.
[38]申仁洪.发展性障碍者支持性就业:融合发展视角的职业康复模式[J].现代特殊教育,2016,(18):9-16.