拉拔方式对高碳钢丝组织性能的影响
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摘要
为探究拉拔方式对高碳钢丝组织性能的影响,采用拉伸试验、SEM、EBSD、XRD、DSC等测试手段,对比研究了辊模拉拔和冷拉拔过程中高碳钢丝的组织及力学性能演变规律.结果表明:与冷拉拔钢丝相比,辊模拉拔钢丝的强度与塑性更优.经辊模拉拔后,钢丝组织形变更协调,片层更薄,形成的〈110〉丝织构更强.残余应力分析表明,当应变量为1.18时,辊模拉拔钢丝表面为残余压应力,冷拉拔钢丝表面为残余拉应力.DSC分析表明,应变量为1.18时,辊模拉拔钢丝在403～491℃之间出现放热峰,而冷拉拔钢丝在381～472℃之间出现放热峰,这表明辊模拉拔钢丝组织更稳定,形变存储能相对更低.
To explore the effects of drawing methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of high carbon steel wires, the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high carbon steel wires during cold drawing and roller-die drawing were investigated by tensile tests, the scanning electron microscope(SEM), electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). Experimental results show that the steel wire drawn in roller dies is superior to cold drawn steel wire in strength and ductility. The deformation behavior in the steel wires after roller-die drawing is more coordinated than that in cold drawn steel wires, and thinner lamellae and stronger 〈110〉 fiber texture are detected in the roller-die drawing wire. The analysis of residual stress reveals when the drawing strain is 1.18, the residual compressive stress is introduced on the surface of steel wires drawn in roller dies, and conversely the residual tensile stress on the surface of cold drawn steel wires. DSC analysis shows that the exothermic peak of steel wires drawn in roller dies is from 403 ℃ to 491 ℃, while the exothermic peak of cold drawn steel wires is from 381 ℃ to 472 ℃ at the drawing strain of 1.18, which indicates that the steel wires drawn in roller dies have better thermal stability and lower deformation storage capacity.
To explore the effects of drawing methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of high carbon steel wires, the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high carbon steel wires during cold drawing and roller-die drawing were investigated by tensile tests, the scanning electron microscope(SEM), electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). Experimental results show that the steel wire drawn in roller dies is superior to cold drawn steel wire in strength and ductility. The deformation behavior in the steel wires after roller-die drawing is more coordinated than that in cold drawn steel wires, and thinner lamellae and stronger 〈110〉 fiber texture are detected in the roller-die drawing wire. The analysis of residual stress reveals when the drawing strain is 1.18, the residual compressive stress is introduced on the surface of steel wires drawn in roller dies, and conversely the residual tensile stress on the surface of cold drawn steel wires. DSC analysis shows that the exothermic peak of steel wires drawn in roller dies is from 403 ℃ to 491 ℃, while the exothermic peak of cold drawn steel wires is from 381 ℃ to 472 ℃ at the drawing strain of 1.18, which indicates that the steel wires drawn in roller dies have better thermal stability and lower deformation storage capacity.
引文
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[21] Embury J D,Fisher R M.The structure and properties of drawn pearlite [J].Acta Metallurgica,1966,14(2):147-159.DOI:10.1016/0001-6160(66)90296-3.
[22] Elices M.Influence of residual stresses in the performance of cold-drawn pearlitic wires [J].Journal of Materials Science,2004,39(12):3889-3899.DOI:10.1023/B:JMSC.0000031470.31354.b5.
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[25] Lambiase F,di Ilio A.Deformation inhomogeneity in roll drawing process [J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2012,14(3):208-215.DOI:10.1016/j.jmapro.2011.12.005.
[26] Asakawa M,Shigeta H,Shimizu A,et al.Experiments on and finite element analyses of the tilting of fine steel wire in roller die drawing [J].ISIJ International,2013,53(10):1850-1857.DOI:10.2355/isijinternational.53.1850.
[2] Zhang X D,Godfrey A,Huang X X,et al.Microstructure and strengthening mechanisms in cold-drawn pearlitic steel wire [J].Acta Materialia,2011,59(9):3422-3430.DOI:10.1016/j.actamat.2011.02.017.
[3] Li Y J,Choi P,Goto S,et al.Evolution of strength and microstructure during annealing of heavily cold-drawn 6.3 GPa hypereutectoid pearlitic steel wire [J].Acta Materialia,2012,60(9):4005-4016.DOI:10.1016/j.actamat.2012.03.006.
[4] Gokyu I,Saito Y.Studies on the roller-die [J].Tetsu-to-Hagane Overseas,1964,4:44-52.
[5] Bitkov V.Expediency of roller dies application in wire drawing—part 2 [J].Wire Cable Technology International,2008,36(3):112-113.
[6] El Amine K,Larsson J,Pejryd L.Experimental comparison of roller die and conventional wire drawing [J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2018,257:7-14.DOI:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.02.012.
[7] Lee J W,Baek H M,Hwang S K,et al.The effect of the multi-pass non-circular drawing sequence on mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of low-carbon steel [J].Materials & Design,2014,55:898-904.DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.068.
[8] Pilarczyk J W,van Houtte P,Aernoudt E.Effect of hydrodynamic and roller die drawing on the texture of high carbon steel wires [J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1995,197(1):97-101.DOI:10.1016/0921-5093(94)09756-9.
[9] Pilarczyk J W,Dyja H,Golis B,et al.Effect of roller die drawing on structure,texture and other properties of high carbon steel wires [J].Metals and Materials,1998,4(4):727-731.DOI:10.1007/bf03026388.
[10] Yang F,Jiang J Q,Wang Y,et al.Residual stress in pearlitic steel rods during progressively cold drawing measured by X-ray diffraction [J].Materials Letters,2008,62(15):2219-2221.DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2007.11.054.
[11] Yang F,Wang Y,Jiang J Q,et al.Stress evolution of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wire subjected to uniaxial tension [J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2008,487(1/2):468-472.DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.061.
[12] 张晓丹,Godfrey A,刘伟,等.珠光体钢丝冷拉拔过程中微观组织及铁素体微区取向与织构演变 [J].金属学报,2010,46(2):141-146.DOI:10.3724/sp.j.1037.2009.00247.Zhang X D,Godfrey A,Liu W,et al.Evolutions of microstructure and ferritic micro-orientation and texture in a pearlitic steel wire during cold drawing [J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2010,46(2):141-146.DOI:10.3724/sp.j.1037.2009.00247.(in Chinese)
[13] 周立初,胡显军,马驰,等.珠光体层片取向对冷拔珠光体钢丝形变的影响 [J].金属学报,2015,51(8):897-903.Zhou L C,Hu X J,Ma C,et al.Effect of pearlitic lamella orientation on deformation of pearlite steel wire during cold drawing [J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2015,51(8):897-903.(in Chinese)
[14] Zhao T Z,Zhang G L,Zhang S H,et al.Influence of lamellar direction in pearlitic steel wire on mechanical properties and microstructure evolution [J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2016,23(12):1290-1296.DOI:10.1016/S1006-706X(16)30190-X.
[15] 周玉,武高辉.材料分析测试技术 [M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2007:97-100.Zhou Y,Wu G H.Analysis methods in materials science [M].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press,2007:97-100.(in Chinese)
[16] Fang F,Hu X J,Chen S H,et al.Revealing microstructural and mechanical characteristics of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires undergoing simulated galvanization treatment [J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,547:51-54.DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2012.03.075.
[17] Fang F,Zhou L C,Hu X J,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-drawn pearlitic wires affect by inherited texture [J].Materials & Design,2015,79:60-67.DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.04.036.
[18] 熊毅,陈正阁,厉勇,等.温压缩变形过程中渗碳体的球化行为 [J].材料热处理学报,2008,29(1):42-46.Xiong Y,Chen Z G,Li Y,et al.Spheroidization behavior of cementite during warm compression deformation [J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2008,29(1):42-46.(in Chinese)
[19] Zhang X D,Godfrey A,Hansen N,et al.Evolution of cementite morphology in pearlitic steel wire during wet wire drawing [J].Materials Characterization,2010,61(1):65-72.DOI:10.1016/j.matchar.2009.10.007.
[20] 赵天章,宋鸿武,张光亮,等.拉拔过程中珠光体钢丝心部的织构演化规律及其对力学性能的影响 [J].金属学报,2014,50(6):667-673.DOI:10.3724/sp.j.1037.2013.00799.Zhao T Z,Song H W,Zhang G L,et al.The texture evolution at the center of pearlitic steel wire during drawing and its influence on the mechanical properties [J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2014,50(6):667-673.DOI:10.3724/sp.j.1037.2013.00799.(in Chinese)
[21] Embury J D,Fisher R M.The structure and properties of drawn pearlite [J].Acta Metallurgica,1966,14(2):147-159.DOI:10.1016/0001-6160(66)90296-3.
[22] Elices M.Influence of residual stresses in the performance of cold-drawn pearlitic wires [J].Journal of Materials Science,2004,39(12):3889-3899.DOI:10.1023/B:JMSC.0000031470.31354.b5.
[23] Elices M,Ruiz J,Atienza J M.Influence of residual stresses on hydrogen embrittlement of cold drawn wires [J].Materials and Structures,2004,37(5):305-310.DOI:10.1007/BF02481676.
[24] Atienza J M,Elices M.Influence of residual stresses in the stress relaxation of cold drawn wires [J].Materials and Structures,2004,37(5):301-304.DOI:10.1007/BF02481675.
[25] Lambiase F,di Ilio A.Deformation inhomogeneity in roll drawing process [J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2012,14(3):208-215.DOI:10.1016/j.jmapro.2011.12.005.
[26] Asakawa M,Shigeta H,Shimizu A,et al.Experiments on and finite element analyses of the tilting of fine steel wire in roller die drawing [J].ISIJ International,2013,53(10):1850-1857.DOI:10.2355/isijinternational.53.1850.