基于绿色基础设施的中国收缩城市正确规模模型
|
摘要
正确规模(right size)策略是全球范围内广泛应用的解决城市收缩问题的重要方法,而绿色基础设施规划是实现正确规模规划的关键。本文针对绿色基础设施在解决城市收缩问题中的有效性,提出建立适应我国国情的包含绿色基础设施规划、土地银行和合作规划在内的针对我国收缩城市的正确规模模型,旨在指导我国收缩城市回归到正确的规模。同时,文本从设计层面提出了可以用于小尺度的、针对收缩城市弃置空间的绿色基础设施设计策略,用来弥补国际上收缩城市绿色基础设施规划微观层面的不足,并且提高城市废弃空间的社会、生态和经济价值。
right-sizing strategy has been an imperative method in solving urban problems caused by urban shrinkage all over the world,and the green infrastructure(GI) is the core of right-sizing planning.In this paper,the authors suggested to build a right-sizing model for Chinese shrinking cities based on GI,which including GI plan,land bank and corporative plan to address the shrinking problems caused by depopulation and lead shrinking cities to their right size.In addition,in order to fill the gap that current GI plan throughout the world lack the consideration of GI at a micro level,GI design flow charts are also introduced in the paper to offer treatment menu for vacant parcels to achieve social,ecological and economic benefits at the same time.
right-sizing strategy has been an imperative method in solving urban problems caused by urban shrinkage all over the world,and the green infrastructure(GI) is the core of right-sizing planning.In this paper,the authors suggested to build a right-sizing model for Chinese shrinking cities based on GI,which including GI plan,land bank and corporative plan to address the shrinking problems caused by depopulation and lead shrinking cities to their right size.In addition,in order to fill the gap that current GI plan throughout the world lack the consideration of GI at a micro level,GI design flow charts are also introduced in the paper to offer treatment menu for vacant parcels to achieve social,ecological and economic benefits at the same time.
引文
[1]RIENIETS T.Shrinking cities:Causes and effects of urban population losses in the twentieth century[J].Nature and Culture,2009,4(03):231-254.
[2]OSWALT P,R IENIETS T.Global Context.Shr inking Cit ies.Atlas of Shrinking Cities[M].Philipp Oswalt:9783775717144,2007.
[3]FUKAO K,SAITO O.Japan’s alternating phases of growth and outlook for the future[C].Hi-Stat Discussion Paper Series(196).Tokyo:Hitotsubashi University,2006.
[4]RYBCZYNSKI W,LINNEMAN P D.How to save our shrinking Cities[J].Public Interest,1999(135):30-44.
[5]ACCORDI N J,JOHNSON G T.Addressing the vacant and abandoned property problem[J].Journal of Urban Affairs,2000,22(03):301-315.
[6]GOLDSTEIN J,JENSEN M,REISKINE.Urban vacant land redevelopment:Challenges and progress[C].Boston:Lincoln Institute of Land Policy,2001.
[7]BURKHOLDER S.The new ecology of vacancy:Rethinking land use in shrinking cities[J].Sustainability,2012,4(06):1154-1172.
[8]Little G M.692 Main Street:A revisioning of an urban void:An exploration into challenging cultural perceptions of an Urban Vacant Lot[R].The University of Manitoba,2008.
[9]HAASE D.Urban ecology of shrinking cities:An unrecognized opportunity[J]?Nature and Culture,2008,3(01):1-8.
[10]DE SOUSA C A.Turning brownfields into green space in the city of Toronto[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2003,62(04):181-198.
[11]KREMER P,HAMSTEAD Z A,MCPHEARSON T.A social-ecological assessment of vacant lots in New York City[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2013(120):218-233.
[12]SCHILLING J,LOGAN J.Greening the rust belt:A green infrastructure model for right sizing America’s shrinking cit ies[J].Journal of the Amer ican Planning Association,2008,74(04):451-466.
[13]KABISCH S,HAASE A,HAASE D.Beyond growth-urban development in shrinking cities as a challenge for modeling approaches[R].International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Sofware,2006.
[14]SCHILLING J.Blueprint Buffalo action plan:Regional strategies and local tools for reclaiming vacant properties in the city and suburbs of Buffalo[R].Cornell University,2007.
[15]SCHILLING J.Buffalo as the Nation’s First Living Laboratory for Reclaiming Vacant Properties[M].Washington,D.C.:The Brookings Institution,2008.
[16]HUMMEL D.Right-sizing cities:Alook at five cities[J].Public Budgeting&Finance,2015,35(02):1-18.
[17]RYAN B D.Rightsizing Shr inking Cities:The Urban Design Dimension[M].Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,2012.
[18]Mell I C.Green infrastructure:Concepts,percept ions and its use in spat ial planning[D].Newcastle:Newcastle University,2010.
[19]BENEDICT M A,MCMAHON ET.Green Inf rast ructure:Linking Landscapes and Communit ies[M].Washington,D.C.:Island Press,2012.
[20]WILLIAMSON K S.Growing with green inf rast ructure[R].Her itage Conservancy Doylestown,2003.
[21]OAUVANG.What can we learn from the rochester and Detroit greening plans to address the shrinking cities plague?[EB/OL][2009-10-03].https://shrinkingcities.wordpress.com/tag/rochester-projectgreen/.
[22]HOLLANDER J B,NEMETH J.The bounds of smart decline:A foundational theory for planning shrinking cities[J].Housing Policy Debate,2011,21(03):349-367.
[23]HUMMEL D.Right-Sizing Cities in the united states:Defining its strategies[J].Journal of Urban Affairs,2015,37(04):397-409.
[24]HOLLANDER J B.Canacity successfully shrink?Evidence from survey data on neighborhood quality[J].Urban Affairs Review,2011,47(01):129-141.
[25]KROHE J J.The incredible shrinking city[J].Planning,2011,77(09):10-15.
[26]BERENSSON M.Adding value,not just shrinking is the key to rightsizing cit ies[EB/OL][2011-08-03].ht tp://www.citymayors.com/development/usrightsizingcities-2.html.
[27]JRJB B,GROMAN M.Vacant land management and community revitalization through greening[Z].City of Philadelphia,2008.
[28]JRJB B,SPILKA G,RASTORFERD.Old cities/green cities:Communities transform unmanaged land[R],APAPlanning Advisory Service,2002.
[29]WACHTER S M,GILLEN K C.Public investment strategies:How they matter for neighborhoods in Philadelphia[C].Philadelphia:The Whar ton School,University of Pennsylvania,2006.
[30]NAUMANN S,DAVISM,KAPHENGST T,etal.Design,implementat ion and cost elements of green infrastructure projects[R].European Commission,2011.
[31]AUSTIN G.Green Inf rast ructure for Landscape Planning:Integrating Human and Natural Systems[M].Oxon:Routledge,2014.
[32]FENWICK R.Sust a inable water management on brownfields sites[R].University of Louisville,2012.
[33]HALL A.Green infrastructure case studies:Municipal policies for managing stormwater with green infrastructure[EB/OL][2010-07-10].http://rfcd.pima.gov/pdd/lid/pdfs/40-usepa-g icasestudies-2010.pdf.
[34]BERTRON C.Betweena rock and ahistoricplace:Preservat ion in post indust r ial urban planning[D].Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania,2011.
[35]GRISWOLD N G,NORRIS P E.Economic impacts of residential propertyabandonment and the genesee county land bank in Flint[R],Land Policy Institute,2007.
[36]VIRGINIATECH.Land banks[EB/OL][2009-11-10].https://vt.edu/.
[37]WI T J D.Revitalizing blighted communities with land banks[EB/OL][2010-07-07].http://www.umich.edu/~econdev/landbank/.
[38]ALWXANDER F S.Land Banks and Land Banking[M].MI:Center for Community Progress Flint,2011.
[39]QIU B.Construction green infrastructure:the way to the era of ecological civilization[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2010,26(07),1-9.
[40]YEE,S.Stakeholder engagement and public participation in environmental flows and river health assessment[R].Australia-China Environment Development Partnership,2010.
[2]OSWALT P,R IENIETS T.Global Context.Shr inking Cit ies.Atlas of Shrinking Cities[M].Philipp Oswalt:9783775717144,2007.
[3]FUKAO K,SAITO O.Japan’s alternating phases of growth and outlook for the future[C].Hi-Stat Discussion Paper Series(196).Tokyo:Hitotsubashi University,2006.
[4]RYBCZYNSKI W,LINNEMAN P D.How to save our shrinking Cities[J].Public Interest,1999(135):30-44.
[5]ACCORDI N J,JOHNSON G T.Addressing the vacant and abandoned property problem[J].Journal of Urban Affairs,2000,22(03):301-315.
[6]GOLDSTEIN J,JENSEN M,REISKINE.Urban vacant land redevelopment:Challenges and progress[C].Boston:Lincoln Institute of Land Policy,2001.
[7]BURKHOLDER S.The new ecology of vacancy:Rethinking land use in shrinking cities[J].Sustainability,2012,4(06):1154-1172.
[8]Little G M.692 Main Street:A revisioning of an urban void:An exploration into challenging cultural perceptions of an Urban Vacant Lot[R].The University of Manitoba,2008.
[9]HAASE D.Urban ecology of shrinking cities:An unrecognized opportunity[J]?Nature and Culture,2008,3(01):1-8.
[10]DE SOUSA C A.Turning brownfields into green space in the city of Toronto[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2003,62(04):181-198.
[11]KREMER P,HAMSTEAD Z A,MCPHEARSON T.A social-ecological assessment of vacant lots in New York City[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2013(120):218-233.
[12]SCHILLING J,LOGAN J.Greening the rust belt:A green infrastructure model for right sizing America’s shrinking cit ies[J].Journal of the Amer ican Planning Association,2008,74(04):451-466.
[13]KABISCH S,HAASE A,HAASE D.Beyond growth-urban development in shrinking cities as a challenge for modeling approaches[R].International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Sofware,2006.
[14]SCHILLING J.Blueprint Buffalo action plan:Regional strategies and local tools for reclaiming vacant properties in the city and suburbs of Buffalo[R].Cornell University,2007.
[15]SCHILLING J.Buffalo as the Nation’s First Living Laboratory for Reclaiming Vacant Properties[M].Washington,D.C.:The Brookings Institution,2008.
[16]HUMMEL D.Right-sizing cities:Alook at five cities[J].Public Budgeting&Finance,2015,35(02):1-18.
[17]RYAN B D.Rightsizing Shr inking Cities:The Urban Design Dimension[M].Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,2012.
[18]Mell I C.Green infrastructure:Concepts,percept ions and its use in spat ial planning[D].Newcastle:Newcastle University,2010.
[19]BENEDICT M A,MCMAHON ET.Green Inf rast ructure:Linking Landscapes and Communit ies[M].Washington,D.C.:Island Press,2012.
[20]WILLIAMSON K S.Growing with green inf rast ructure[R].Her itage Conservancy Doylestown,2003.
[21]OAUVANG.What can we learn from the rochester and Detroit greening plans to address the shrinking cities plague?[EB/OL][2009-10-03].https://shrinkingcities.wordpress.com/tag/rochester-projectgreen/.
[22]HOLLANDER J B,NEMETH J.The bounds of smart decline:A foundational theory for planning shrinking cities[J].Housing Policy Debate,2011,21(03):349-367.
[23]HUMMEL D.Right-Sizing Cities in the united states:Defining its strategies[J].Journal of Urban Affairs,2015,37(04):397-409.
[24]HOLLANDER J B.Canacity successfully shrink?Evidence from survey data on neighborhood quality[J].Urban Affairs Review,2011,47(01):129-141.
[25]KROHE J J.The incredible shrinking city[J].Planning,2011,77(09):10-15.
[26]BERENSSON M.Adding value,not just shrinking is the key to rightsizing cit ies[EB/OL][2011-08-03].ht tp://www.citymayors.com/development/usrightsizingcities-2.html.
[27]JRJB B,GROMAN M.Vacant land management and community revitalization through greening[Z].City of Philadelphia,2008.
[28]JRJB B,SPILKA G,RASTORFERD.Old cities/green cities:Communities transform unmanaged land[R],APAPlanning Advisory Service,2002.
[29]WACHTER S M,GILLEN K C.Public investment strategies:How they matter for neighborhoods in Philadelphia[C].Philadelphia:The Whar ton School,University of Pennsylvania,2006.
[30]NAUMANN S,DAVISM,KAPHENGST T,etal.Design,implementat ion and cost elements of green infrastructure projects[R].European Commission,2011.
[31]AUSTIN G.Green Inf rast ructure for Landscape Planning:Integrating Human and Natural Systems[M].Oxon:Routledge,2014.
[32]FENWICK R.Sust a inable water management on brownfields sites[R].University of Louisville,2012.
[33]HALL A.Green infrastructure case studies:Municipal policies for managing stormwater with green infrastructure[EB/OL][2010-07-10].http://rfcd.pima.gov/pdd/lid/pdfs/40-usepa-g icasestudies-2010.pdf.
[34]BERTRON C.Betweena rock and ahistoricplace:Preservat ion in post indust r ial urban planning[D].Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania,2011.
[35]GRISWOLD N G,NORRIS P E.Economic impacts of residential propertyabandonment and the genesee county land bank in Flint[R],Land Policy Institute,2007.
[36]VIRGINIATECH.Land banks[EB/OL][2009-11-10].https://vt.edu/.
[37]WI T J D.Revitalizing blighted communities with land banks[EB/OL][2010-07-07].http://www.umich.edu/~econdev/landbank/.
[38]ALWXANDER F S.Land Banks and Land Banking[M].MI:Center for Community Progress Flint,2011.
[39]QIU B.Construction green infrastructure:the way to the era of ecological civilization[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2010,26(07),1-9.
[40]YEE,S.Stakeholder engagement and public participation in environmental flows and river health assessment[R].Australia-China Environment Development Partnership,2010.