马铃薯收获机薯秧分离装置设计与试验
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摘要
针对北方粘重土壤条件下马铃薯收获过程中薯秧分离效果不佳的问题,设计了一种在不杀秧情况下既适用于大型联合收获机也适用于分段式马铃薯收获机的薯秧分离装置。通过对该装置升运过程中薯秧的运动学分析和分离过程中的力学分析,建立了一种弹性力学模型,确定了影响薯秧分离效果的主要因素,得到影响薯秧分离性能的摘秧辊转速范围和摘秧辊与一级升运分离筛主驱动辊距离范围等工作参数。以摘秧辊转速、一级升运分离筛主驱动辊线速度、摘秧辊与一级升运分离筛主驱动辊距离为试验因素,以含杂率为试验指标,在未进行杀秧作业的条件下进行田间试验,试验结果表明:当摘秧辊与一级升运分离筛主驱动辊距离为2. 5 mm、摘秧辊转速为9. 0 r/s、一级升运分离筛主驱动辊线速度为1. 6 m/s时,含杂率为2. 4%,优于国家行业标准。
Aiming at the problems that potato stems trash separation was ineffective during the potato harvest,potato harvest potato stem separation equipment was designed under the condition of heavy soil in northern China. Based on the kinematics analysis of the potato stems during lifting process of device and the analysis of force during the separation process and elastic mechanics analysis during the separation process,an elastic mechanics model was established,the main factors affecting the separation effect of the yam were determined,and the picking roll speed affecting the separation performance was obtained.Taking the distance between the line speed,picking roll and the main driving roller of the first-stage lift separation screen as the test factor,and the field test was carried out with the impurity-containing test index. The test results showed that when the distance between picking roll and the main driving roller of the first-stage lift separation screen was 2. 5 mm,the rotation speed of the picking roller was 9. 0 r/s,and the linear speed of the main driving roller of the first-stage lifting separation screen was 1. 6 m/s,the impurity content was 2. 4%,and the index was superior to the national industry standard. The research result provided an important theoretical support and reference for both large combine harvesters and segmented potato harvesters,and also provided important theoretical support and technical reference for the separation of potato and potato stem during potato mechanical harvesting.
Aiming at the problems that potato stems trash separation was ineffective during the potato harvest,potato harvest potato stem separation equipment was designed under the condition of heavy soil in northern China. Based on the kinematics analysis of the potato stems during lifting process of device and the analysis of force during the separation process and elastic mechanics analysis during the separation process,an elastic mechanics model was established,the main factors affecting the separation effect of the yam were determined,and the picking roll speed affecting the separation performance was obtained.Taking the distance between the line speed,picking roll and the main driving roller of the first-stage lift separation screen as the test factor,and the field test was carried out with the impurity-containing test index. The test results showed that when the distance between picking roll and the main driving roller of the first-stage lift separation screen was 2. 5 mm,the rotation speed of the picking roller was 9. 0 r/s,and the linear speed of the main driving roller of the first-stage lifting separation screen was 1. 6 m/s,the impurity content was 2. 4%,and the index was superior to the national industry standard. The research result provided an important theoretical support and reference for both large combine harvesters and segmented potato harvesters,and also provided important theoretical support and technical reference for the separation of potato and potato stem during potato mechanical harvesting.
引文
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[9]吕金庆,魏国静,范志安,等. 4U-2B型马铃薯收获机的设计[J].农机化研究,2007,29(9):87-88.LUJinqing,WEI Guojing,FAN Zhian,et al. Design of 4U-2B potato harvester[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2007,29(9):87-88.(in Chinese)
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[11]孙广辉,魏宏安,李彦晶,等. 4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机薯秧分离装置设计[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(6):146-150.SUN Guanghui,WEI Hongan,LI Yanjing,et al. Development of potato stem separation devices of 4UFD-1400 potato combine harvester[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2012,47(6):146-150.(in Chinese)
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[15]吕金庆,田忠恩,杨颖,等. 4U2A型双行马铃薯挖掘机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):17-24.LUJinqing,TIAN Zhongen,YANG Ying,et al. Design and experimental analysis of 4U2A type double-row potato digger[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(6):17-24.(in Chinese)
[16]张建. 4M-2型马铃薯联合收获机优化设计与仿真[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.ZHANG Jian. Design and simulation of the 4M-2 potato combine harvester[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese)
[17] PLATT H W,CAMPBELL A J,BIRT I,et al. Modifications of a potato harvester for small plot field research[J]. American Potato Journal,1990,67(11):799-803.
[18]陆祥辉,王昕,张文杰,等. 4U-1400马铃薯联合收获机分离输送装置的参数分析与试验[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(6):269-276.LU Xianghui,WANG Xin,ZHANG Wenjie,et al. Parameter analysis and experiment for separation conveyer of 4U-1400 type potato harvester[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University,2015,20(6):269-276.(in Chinese)
[19]李凯锋,杨炳南,杨德秋,等.胡萝卜物理力学特性的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(5):169-175,180.LI Kaifeng,YANG Bingnan,YANG Deqiu,et al. Experimental research on physical and mechanical properties of carrot[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(5):169-175,180.(in Chinese)
[20]王俊发,马浏轩,邵东伟,等.玉米根茬收获机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(6):68-72.WANG Junfa,MA Liuxuan,SHAO Dongwei,et al. Design and experiment of maize root stubble harvester[J/OL].Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(6):68-72. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20120613&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012. 06.013.(in Chinese)
[21]刘文政,何进,李洪文,等.基于离散元的微型马铃薯仿真参数标定[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(5):125-135,142.LIU Wenzheng,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al. Calibration of simulation parameters for potato minituber based on EDEM[J/OL]. Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):125-135,142. http:∥www. j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20180514&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 05. 014.(in Chinese)
[22]贾晶霞,杨德秋,张东兴,等.马铃薯收获过程中块茎运动仿真分析[J].农机化研究,2011,33(8):38-41,50.JIA Jingxia,YANG Deqiu,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Moving simulation analysis on potato tuber during harvester[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(8):38-41,50.(in Chinese)
[23] MCRAE D C,HUTCHISON P S,CARRUTHERS J. Sieving control and horizontal agitation of potato harvester chains[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1986,29(2):366-369,373.
[24]葛宜元,梁秋艳,王桂莲.试验设计方法与Design-Expert软件应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015.
[25]何为,薛卫东,唐斌.优化试验设计方法与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.
[2]王建波,樊啟洲,田延庆,等.马铃薯挖掘机关键部件的研究现状与展望[J].农机化研究,2011,33(1):244-248.WANG Jianbo,FAN Qizhou,TIAN Yanqing,et al. Research status and prospects of the key parts of potato digger[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(1):244-248.(in Chinese)
[3]吕金庆,田忠恩,杨颖,等.马铃薯机械发展现状、存在问题及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2015,37(12):258-263.LUJinqing,TIAN Zhongen,YANG Ying,et al. The development situation existing problems and development trend of potato machinery[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015,37(12):258-263.(in Chinese)
[4]吕金庆,孙贺,兑瀚,等.粘重土壤下马铃薯挖掘机分离输送装置改进设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(11):146-155.LUJinqing,SUN He,DUI Han,et al. Design and experiment on conveyor separation device of potato digger under heavy soil condition[J/OL]. Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):146-155. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20171118&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 11. 018.(in Chinese)
[5]姚贤良,程云生.土壤物理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[6]刘宝,张东兴,李晶. MZPH-820型单行马铃薯收获机设计[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(5):81-86.LIU Bao,ZHANG Dongxing,LI Jing. Design on MZPH-820 single-row potato harvester[J]. Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(5):81-86.(in Chinese)
[7] Cz.卡那沃依斯基.收获机械[M].曹崇文,吴春江,柯保康,译.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1983.
[8]孟凤英,丁启朔,鹿飞,等.冲击作用下粘性土壤破碎体的分形维数与影响因素[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(3):108-111,124.MENG Fengying,DING Qishuo,LU Fei,et al. Fragmentation fractal dimensions of cohesive soil under impact and its influencing factors[J]. Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(3):108-111,124.(in Chinese)
[9]吕金庆,魏国静,范志安,等. 4U-2B型马铃薯收获机的设计[J].农机化研究,2007,29(9):87-88.LUJinqing,WEI Guojing,FAN Zhian,et al. Design of 4U-2B potato harvester[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2007,29(9):87-88.(in Chinese)
[10]王彦军. 4M-2型马铃薯联合收获机分离输送系统的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.WANG Yanjun. Research on separating and conveying system of the 4M-2 potato combine harvester[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2007.(in Chinese)
[11]孙广辉,魏宏安,李彦晶,等. 4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机薯秧分离装置设计[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(6):146-150.SUN Guanghui,WEI Hongan,LI Yanjing,et al. Development of potato stem separation devices of 4UFD-1400 potato combine harvester[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2012,47(6):146-150.(in Chinese)
[12]魏宏安,王蒂,连文香,等. 4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机的研制[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):11-17.WEI Hongan,WANG Di,LIAN Wenxiang,et al. Development of 4UFD-1400 type potato combine harvester[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(1):11-17.(in Chinese)
[13]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M]. 1版.北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
[14]杨然兵,杨红光,尚书旗,等.拨辊推送式马铃薯收获机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):119-126.YANG Ranbing,YANG Hongguang,SHANG Shuqi,et al. Design and test of poking roller shoving type potato harvester[J/OL]. Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):119-126. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20160717&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2016. 07. 017.(in Chinese)
[15]吕金庆,田忠恩,杨颖,等. 4U2A型双行马铃薯挖掘机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):17-24.LUJinqing,TIAN Zhongen,YANG Ying,et al. Design and experimental analysis of 4U2A type double-row potato digger[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(6):17-24.(in Chinese)
[16]张建. 4M-2型马铃薯联合收获机优化设计与仿真[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.ZHANG Jian. Design and simulation of the 4M-2 potato combine harvester[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese)
[17] PLATT H W,CAMPBELL A J,BIRT I,et al. Modifications of a potato harvester for small plot field research[J]. American Potato Journal,1990,67(11):799-803.
[18]陆祥辉,王昕,张文杰,等. 4U-1400马铃薯联合收获机分离输送装置的参数分析与试验[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(6):269-276.LU Xianghui,WANG Xin,ZHANG Wenjie,et al. Parameter analysis and experiment for separation conveyer of 4U-1400 type potato harvester[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University,2015,20(6):269-276.(in Chinese)
[19]李凯锋,杨炳南,杨德秋,等.胡萝卜物理力学特性的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(5):169-175,180.LI Kaifeng,YANG Bingnan,YANG Deqiu,et al. Experimental research on physical and mechanical properties of carrot[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(5):169-175,180.(in Chinese)
[20]王俊发,马浏轩,邵东伟,等.玉米根茬收获机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(6):68-72.WANG Junfa,MA Liuxuan,SHAO Dongwei,et al. Design and experiment of maize root stubble harvester[J/OL].Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(6):68-72. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20120613&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012. 06.013.(in Chinese)
[21]刘文政,何进,李洪文,等.基于离散元的微型马铃薯仿真参数标定[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(5):125-135,142.LIU Wenzheng,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al. Calibration of simulation parameters for potato minituber based on EDEM[J/OL]. Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):125-135,142. http:∥www. j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20180514&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 05. 014.(in Chinese)
[22]贾晶霞,杨德秋,张东兴,等.马铃薯收获过程中块茎运动仿真分析[J].农机化研究,2011,33(8):38-41,50.JIA Jingxia,YANG Deqiu,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Moving simulation analysis on potato tuber during harvester[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(8):38-41,50.(in Chinese)
[23] MCRAE D C,HUTCHISON P S,CARRUTHERS J. Sieving control and horizontal agitation of potato harvester chains[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1986,29(2):366-369,373.
[24]葛宜元,梁秋艳,王桂莲.试验设计方法与Design-Expert软件应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015.
[25]何为,薛卫东,唐斌.优化试验设计方法与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.