农户秸秆处置及供生物质电厂成本分析
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摘要
为了分析农户秸秆就地焚烧造成面源污染而生物质电厂秸秆收购难的问题,通过对七省124个农户进行调研,结合家庭情况得到了农户秸秆处置的数据.结果显示59.3%的农户焚烧过秸秆,82.3%的农户未出售过秸秆.基于调研对农户秸秆供应进行场景设置,并建立供应成本的数学模型.以江苏省某生物质电厂秸秆供应为例,对不同场景下水稻秸秆供应成本进行分析,得到成本最高250元·t-1、最低186元·t-1.该模型可为引导农户合理利用秸秆、生物质电厂制定秸秆收购价格提供参考依据.
In order to analyze the problem of straw shortage from the perspective of farmers, an investigation was conducted.Among the respondents,59.3% burned the straw,and 82.3% did not sell the straw to any enterprise.Four scenarios with three stubble heights are established. An mathematical model about straw harvesting, collection,transportation,and storage is established. Parameters are selected basing on one biomass power plant in Jiangsu Province.The results show that the cost of straw selling is 186-250 CNY·t-1.The machinery collection reduces the total cost finitely.The relation between the labor price and the cost is examined.The labor price affects the manpower collection scenarios more obviously than the machinery collection scenarios.The cost model is made without considering the information problem.
In order to analyze the problem of straw shortage from the perspective of farmers, an investigation was conducted.Among the respondents,59.3% burned the straw,and 82.3% did not sell the straw to any enterprise.Four scenarios with three stubble heights are established. An mathematical model about straw harvesting, collection,transportation,and storage is established. Parameters are selected basing on one biomass power plant in Jiangsu Province.The results show that the cost of straw selling is 186-250 CNY·t-1.The machinery collection reduces the total cost finitely.The relation between the labor price and the cost is examined.The labor price affects the manpower collection scenarios more obviously than the machinery collection scenarios.The cost model is made without considering the information problem.
引文
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[15]陈丽能,林鸿,徐展峰,等.农村运输机械耗油量数学模型的研究[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2003,29(2):185.CHEN Lineng,LIN Hong,XU Zhanfeng,et al.Research on the math models of the combustion oil consumption of the farm transport machineries[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Science,2003,29(2):185.
[2]崔明,赵立欣,田宜水,等.中国主要农作物秸秆资源能源化利用分析评价[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(12):291.CUI Ming,ZHAO Lixin,TIAN Yishui,et al.Analysis and evaluation on energy utilization of main crop straw resources in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(12):291.
[3]Qin Y,Xie S D.Historical estimation of carbonaceous aerosol emissions from biomass open burning in China for the period1990—2005[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(12):3316.
[4]吴创之,周肇秋,阴秀丽,等.我国生物质能源发展现状与思考[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(1):91.WU Chuangzhi,ZHOU Zhaoqiu,YIN Xiuli,et al.Current status of biomass energy development in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(1):91.
[5]邢爱华,刘罡,王垚,等.生物质资源收集过程成本、能耗及环境影响分析[J].过程工程学报,2008,8(2):305.XING Aihua,LIU Gang,WANG Yao,et al.Economic,energy and environment analysis on biomass collection process[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2008,8(2):305.
[6]刘华财,阴秀丽,吴创之.秸秆供应成本分析研究[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(1):106.LIU Huacai,YIN Xiuli,WU Chuangzhi.Cost analysis of crop residue supplies[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(1):106.
[7]徐亚云,田宜水,赵立欣,等.不同农作物秸秆收储运模式成本和能耗比较[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):259.XU Yayun,TIAN Yishui,ZHAO Lixin,et al.Comparation on cost and energy consumption with different straw’s collection-store-transportation modes[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(20):259.
[8]于晓东,樊峰鸣.秸秆发电燃料收加储运过程模拟分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(10):215.YU Xiaodong,FAN Fengming.Simulation analysis on fuel collection,processing,storage and transportation used in straw power plant in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(10):215.
[9]杨树华,雷廷宙,何晓峰,等.生物质致密冷成型原料最佳收集半径的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(1):132.YANG Shuhua,LEI Tingzhou,HE Xiaofeng,et al.Study on economical radius of collected straw in biomass fuel cold compression molding[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(1):132.
[10]刘罡,邢爱华,王垚,等.生物质利用优化生产规模分析[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2008,48(9):114.LIU Gang,XING Aihua,WANG Yao,et al.Analysis of the optimum production scale for biomass utilization[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science&Technology,2008,48(9):114.
[11]Nguyen M H,Prince R G H.A simple rule f or bioenergy conversion plant size optimisation:Bioethanol from sugarcane and sweet sorghum[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,1996,10:361.
[12]Sokhansanj S,Kumar A,Turhollow A F.Development and implementation of integrated biomass supply analysis and logistics model(IBSAL)[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2006,30(10):838.
[13]顾克军,杨四军,张斯梅,等.不同生产条件下留茬高度对水稻秸秆可收集量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(4):831.GU Kejun,YANG Sijun,ZHANG Simei,et al.Effect of stubble height on collectable amount of rice straw under different cultivation patterns[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2011,19(4):831.
[14]潘跃.小麦留茬高度对联合收割机作业效能的影响[J].农业科学研究,2011,31(3):31.PANG Yue.Influence of wheat stubble height on operational efficiency of combine harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2011,31(3):31.
[15]陈丽能,林鸿,徐展峰,等.农村运输机械耗油量数学模型的研究[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2003,29(2):185.CHEN Lineng,LIN Hong,XU Zhanfeng,et al.Research on the math models of the combustion oil consumption of the farm transport machineries[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Science,2003,29(2):185.