电化学生物传感器在污水分析及污水流行病学中的应用进展
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摘要
近年来,污水流行病学(wastewater-based epidemiology, WBE)已被证明是用来监测社区毒品滥用和公共健康的一种有效评估方法,该方法通过定量分析指定社区污水回收站中污水的药物残留或者代谢物来反推社区中人们对毒品的消耗量并结合指定社区的人口数量对其进行归一化处理.电化学生物传感器具有响应时间快、成本低、分析样品需求量小、数据分辨率高以及能够现场快速测试等特点,已被广泛应用于疾病快速诊断、环境污染监测、食品安全以及毒品检测等领域.液相色谱-质谱联用是分析污水中的毒品及其代谢物的主要方法,但随着传感技术尤其是电化学传感器近来的快速发展,也开始被用于研究污水传染病学并可实现现场快速测量.本文综述了电化学生物传感器在污水中无机污染物(如重金属)、有机污染物(如农药、毒品)、生物分子(如DNA)以及细菌等微生物分析中的最新进展,同时还论述了目前电化学传感器技术在污水流行病学领域的应用和未来所面临的主要挑战.
Wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE) has been shown to be an innovative approach for evaluation of drug use trends and public health assessment by quantifying drug residues and/or metabolites(so-called biomarkers) in wastewater collected in a local treatment plant. Community sewage sensors have been proposed and demonstrated to be powerful tools for the analysis of sewage biomarkers. In particular, electrochemical biosensors have emerged as a rapid method for the analysis of biomarkers and pathogens in wastewater due to low cost, minimal sample processing and the ability to test in the field. It has been widely used for biomedical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and food safety, but still at early stage for wastewater analysis. Compared to traditional analytical methods such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS), biosensors have advantages of fast responding time and enable analysis at the point-of-need for wastewater. This paper reviews the most recent progress on the analysis of biomarkers in wastewater using electrochemical biosensors. The electrochemical biosensors for the detection of important inorganic chemicals(heavy metals), organic chemicals such as illicit drug and pesticides, biomolecules and microorganisms in wastewater are discussed. This will give an insight to the wastewater-based epidemiology and its application for community-wide drug abuse and public health assessment.
Wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE) has been shown to be an innovative approach for evaluation of drug use trends and public health assessment by quantifying drug residues and/or metabolites(so-called biomarkers) in wastewater collected in a local treatment plant. Community sewage sensors have been proposed and demonstrated to be powerful tools for the analysis of sewage biomarkers. In particular, electrochemical biosensors have emerged as a rapid method for the analysis of biomarkers and pathogens in wastewater due to low cost, minimal sample processing and the ability to test in the field. It has been widely used for biomedical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and food safety, but still at early stage for wastewater analysis. Compared to traditional analytical methods such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS), biosensors have advantages of fast responding time and enable analysis at the point-of-need for wastewater. This paper reviews the most recent progress on the analysis of biomarkers in wastewater using electrochemical biosensors. The electrochemical biosensors for the detection of important inorganic chemicals(heavy metals), organic chemicals such as illicit drug and pesticides, biomolecules and microorganisms in wastewater are discussed. This will give an insight to the wastewater-based epidemiology and its application for community-wide drug abuse and public health assessment.
引文
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[33]Estevez-Canales M,Berna A,Borjas Z,et al.Screenprinted electrodes:new tools for developing microbial electrochemistry at microscale level[J].Energies,2015,8(11):13211-13221.
[34]Prieto-Simón B,Bandaru N,Saint C,et al.Tailored carbon nanotube immunosensors for the detection of microbial contamination[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2015,67(5):642-648.
[35]Reta N,Michelmore A,Saint C,et al.Porous silicon membrane-modified electrodes for label-free voltammetric detection of MS2bacteriophage[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2016,80(6):47-53.
[36]Chen W W,Yang W S,Lu Y L,et al.Encapsulation of enzyme into mesoporous cages of metal-organic frameworks for the development of highly stable electrochemical biosensors[J].Analytical Methods,2017,9(21):3213-3220.
[37]Song L L,Mao K,Zhou X D,et al.A novel biosensor based on Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles for SERS detection of arsenic(III)[J].Talanta,2016,146(1):285-290.
[38]Mao K,Wu Z T,Chen Y R,et al.A novel biosensor based on single-layer MoS2nanosheets for detection of Ag+[J].Talanta,2015,132(1):658-663.
[39]Fang D Y,Gao G Y,Shen J,et al.A reagentless electrochemical biosensor based on thionine wrapped E-coli and chitosan-entrapped carbon nanodots film modified glassy carbon electrode for wastewater toxicity assessment[J].Electrochimica Acta,2016,222(12):303-311.
[40]Yang Y J,Fang D Y,Liu Y R,et al.Problems analysis and new fabrication strategies of mediated electrochemical biosensors for wastewater toxicity assessment[J].Biosensors&Bioelectronics,2018,108(6):82-88.
[41]Mao K,Yang Z G,Du P,et al.G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme molecular beacon probe for the detection of methamphetamine[J].RSC Advances,2016,6(67):62754-62759.
[42]Mao K,Zhou Z L,Han S,et al.A novel biosensor based on Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles for sensitive detection of methylamphetamine with surface enhanced Raman scattering[J].Talanta,2018,190(12):263-268.
[43]Yang Z G,Castrignano E,Estrela P,et al.Community sewage sensors towards evaluation of drug use trends:detection of cocaine in wastewater with DNA-directed immobilization aptamer sensors[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:21024.
[44]Yang Z,Kasprzyk-Hordern B,Goggins S,et al.A novel immobilization strategy for electrochemical detection of cancer biomarkers:DNA-directed immobilization of aptamer sensors for sensitive detection of prostate specific antigens[J].Analyst,2015,140(8):2628-2633.
[2]Zuccato E,Chiabrando C,Castiglioni S,et al.Cocaine in surface waters:a new evidence-based tool to monitor community drug abuse[J].Environmental Health,2015,4(1):1-14.
[3]Castiglioni S,Bagnati R,Melis M,et al.Identification of cocaine and its metabolites in urban wastewater and comparison with the human excretion profile in urine[J].Water Research,2011,45(16):5141-5150.
[4]van Nuijs A,Castiglioni S,Tarcomnicu I,et al.Illicit drug consumption estimations derived from wastewater analysis:A critical review[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(19):3564-3577.
[5]Zuccato E,Chiabrando C,Castiglioni S,et al.Estimating community drug abuse by wastewater analysis[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2008,116(8):1027-1032.
[6]Yang Z G,Kasprzyk-Hordern B,Frost C,et al.Community sewage sensors for monitoring public health[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(10):5845-5846.
[7]Mao K,Yang Z G,Li J R,et al.A novel colorimetric biosensor based on non-aggregated Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles for methamphetamine and cocaine detection[J].Talanta,2017,175(1):338-346.
[8]Gao G Y,Qian J,Fang D Y,et al.Development of a mediated whole cell-based electrochemical biosensor for joint toxicity assessment of multi-pollutants using a mixed microbial consortium[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2016,924(6):21-28.
[9]Gao G Y,Fang D Y,Yu Y,et al.A double-mediator based whole cell electrochemical biosensor for acute biotoxicity assessment of wastewater[J].Talanta,2017,167(5):208-216.
[10]Vilian A T E,Shahzad A,Chung J,et al.Square voltammetric sensing of mercury at very low working potential by using oligomer-functionalized Ag@Au core-shell nanoparticles[J].Microchimica Acta,2017,184(9):3547-3556.
[11]Maatouk F,Maatouk M,Bekir K,et al.An electrochemical DNA biosensor for trace amounts of mercury ion quantification[J].Journal of Water and Health,2016,14(5):808-815.
[12]Liu Z,Ma H Y,Sun H H,et al.Nanoporous gold-based microbial biosensor for direct determination of sulfide[J].Biosensors&Bioelectronics,2017,98(12):29-35.
[13]Kumar V,Singh A,Verma N,et al.A potentiometric biosensor for cyanide detection using immobilized whole cell cyanide dihydratase of flavobacterium indicum MTCC 6936[J].Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2018,73(10):1014-1019.
[14]Qian J,Li J M,Fang D Y,et al.A disposable biofilm-modified amperometric biosensor for the sensitive determination of pesticide biotoxicity in water[J].RSC Advances,2014,4(98):55473-55482.
[15]Grawe G F,de Oliveira T R,Narciso E D,et al.Electrochemical biosensor for carbofuran pesticide based on esterases from Eupenicillium shearii FREI-39 endophytic fungus[J].Biosensors&Bioelectronics,2015,63(1):407-413.
[16]Montes R,Cespedes F,Gabriel D,et al.Electrochemical biosensor based on optimized biocomposite for organophosphorus and carbamates pesticides detection[J].Journal of Nanomaterials,2018,2018(3):7093606-7093619.
[17]Gothwal A,Beniwal P,Dhull V,et al.Preparation of electrochemical biosensor for detection of organophosphorus pesticides[J].International Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2014,12:303641.
[18]Bao J,Hou C J,Huo D Q,et al.Sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor based on ELP-OPH/BSA/Ti O2NFs/AuNPs for determination of organophosphate pesticides with p-nitrophenyl substituent[J].Journal of The Electrochemical Society,2017,164(2):17-22.
[19]Kaur B,Srivastava R,Satpati B.Nanocrystalline titanosilicate-acetylcholinesterase electrochemical biosensor for the ultra-trace detection of toxic organophosphate pesticides[J].ChemElectroChem,2015,2(8):1164-1173.
[20]Yang Z G,d'Auriac,M A,Goggins S,et al.A novel DNAbiosensor using a ferrocenyl intercalator applied to the potential detection of human population biomarkers in wastewater[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(9):5609-5617.
[21]Congur G,Erdem A,Mese F.Electrochemical investigation of the interaction between topotecan and DNA at disposable graphite electrodes[J].Bioelectrochemistry,2015,102(5):21-28.
[22]Bayram E,Akyilmaz E.Development of a new microbial biosensor based on conductive polymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube and its application to paracetamol determination[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2016,233(10):409-418.
[23]Liu C,Xu Y C,Han X,et al.The fabrication and the use of immobilized cells as test organisms in a ferricyanide-based toxicity biosensor[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2018,37(2):329-335.
[24]Mendes R,Arruda B,Souza E,et al.Determination of chlorophenol in environmental samples using a voltammetric biosensor based on hybrid nanocomposite[J].Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society,2017,28(7):1212-1219.
[25]Akbulut H,Bozokalfa G,Asker D,et al.Polythiophene-gpoly(ethylene glycol)with lateral amino groups as a novel matrix for biosensor construction[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7(37):20612-20622.
[26]Sekretaryova A,Volkov A,Zozoulenko I,et al.Total phenol analysis of weakly supported water using a laccasebased microband biosensor[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2016,907(2):45-53.
[27]Lopez M,Lopez-Ruiz B.Electrochemical biosensor based on ionic liquid polymeric microparticles.An analyticalplatform for catechol[J].Microchemical Journal,2018,138(5):173-179.
[28]Oliveira D,Ribeiro F,Becker H,et al.An electrochemical biosensor based on the tyrosinase enzyme for the determination of phenol in wastewater[J].Química Nova,2015,38(7):924-931.
[29]Zhang Z,Zhang Z M,Hu Y G,et al.Phenol biosensor based on glassy carbon electrode directly absorbed Escherichia coli cells with surface-displayed bacterial laccase[M].Procedia Technology,2017,27:137-138.
[30]Rather J,Khudaish E,Kannan P.Graphene-amplified femtosensitive aptasensing of estradiol,an endocrine disruptor[J].Analyst,2018,143(8):1835-1845.
[31]Yuan Q L,Liu Y,Ye C,et al.Highly stable and regenerative graphene-diamond hybrid electrochemical biosensor for fouling target dopamine detection[J].Biosensors&Bioelectronics,2018,111(7):117-123.
[32]Niyomdecha S,Limbut W,Numnuam A,et al.A novel BOD biosensor based on entrapped activated sludge in a porous chitosan-albumin cryogel incorporated with graphene and methylene blue[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2017,241(3):473-481.
[33]Estevez-Canales M,Berna A,Borjas Z,et al.Screenprinted electrodes:new tools for developing microbial electrochemistry at microscale level[J].Energies,2015,8(11):13211-13221.
[34]Prieto-Simón B,Bandaru N,Saint C,et al.Tailored carbon nanotube immunosensors for the detection of microbial contamination[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2015,67(5):642-648.
[35]Reta N,Michelmore A,Saint C,et al.Porous silicon membrane-modified electrodes for label-free voltammetric detection of MS2bacteriophage[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2016,80(6):47-53.
[36]Chen W W,Yang W S,Lu Y L,et al.Encapsulation of enzyme into mesoporous cages of metal-organic frameworks for the development of highly stable electrochemical biosensors[J].Analytical Methods,2017,9(21):3213-3220.
[37]Song L L,Mao K,Zhou X D,et al.A novel biosensor based on Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles for SERS detection of arsenic(III)[J].Talanta,2016,146(1):285-290.
[38]Mao K,Wu Z T,Chen Y R,et al.A novel biosensor based on single-layer MoS2nanosheets for detection of Ag+[J].Talanta,2015,132(1):658-663.
[39]Fang D Y,Gao G Y,Shen J,et al.A reagentless electrochemical biosensor based on thionine wrapped E-coli and chitosan-entrapped carbon nanodots film modified glassy carbon electrode for wastewater toxicity assessment[J].Electrochimica Acta,2016,222(12):303-311.
[40]Yang Y J,Fang D Y,Liu Y R,et al.Problems analysis and new fabrication strategies of mediated electrochemical biosensors for wastewater toxicity assessment[J].Biosensors&Bioelectronics,2018,108(6):82-88.
[41]Mao K,Yang Z G,Du P,et al.G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme molecular beacon probe for the detection of methamphetamine[J].RSC Advances,2016,6(67):62754-62759.
[42]Mao K,Zhou Z L,Han S,et al.A novel biosensor based on Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles for sensitive detection of methylamphetamine with surface enhanced Raman scattering[J].Talanta,2018,190(12):263-268.
[43]Yang Z G,Castrignano E,Estrela P,et al.Community sewage sensors towards evaluation of drug use trends:detection of cocaine in wastewater with DNA-directed immobilization aptamer sensors[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:21024.
[44]Yang Z,Kasprzyk-Hordern B,Goggins S,et al.A novel immobilization strategy for electrochemical detection of cancer biomarkers:DNA-directed immobilization of aptamer sensors for sensitive detection of prostate specific antigens[J].Analyst,2015,140(8):2628-2633.