城市更新背景下非保护性胡同居住形态研究——以青龙炮局胡同居住空间为例
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摘要
非历史文化保护区是城市更新的一部分,其中胡同街区的居住条件较差,对此的理论研究和设计实践有所成效,但难以解决居住问题。以2017年北京"疏解整治促提升"专项行动为契机,选取北京市东城区青龙炮局胡同为例,通过调研基础建筑和人本数据,叠加专项行动揭示的违建数据,综合描述居住空间形态并分析街区、院落、家庭和居住空间形态的关系框架。从人本角度,探讨治理和提升非保护性胡同居住问题的可行方向。
Historic areas in Beijing that have not been granted legal heritage protection status represent a key front in municipal efforts to spur urban regeneration. Residences in historic hutong neighborhoods are frequently in need of repair, improvement, and basic maintenance, and prior theory-based research and design interventions have not resolved issues regarding quantity and quality of housing in these neighborhoods. This study looks at two sites, the Qinglong and Paoju hutongs(referred to as lanes, narrow streets, or alleys) in Beijng′s Dongcheng District, during the "Population Transfer and Street Rectification Campaign" of 2017. We document the underlying spatial layout of buildings and courtyards, as well as the demographic composition of the two streets. We then superimpose data about illegal construction and unlicensed additions to describe the current state of residential dwelling space(including gross floor area) in the neighborhood and to develop an analytical framework linking the neighborhood, courtyards and homes, households, and residential dwelling space. Finally, we adopt a human-centered perspective to suggest possible steps in sensitively addressing the challenge of protecting and improving homes and living conditions in historical areas without legal heritage status.
Historic areas in Beijing that have not been granted legal heritage protection status represent a key front in municipal efforts to spur urban regeneration. Residences in historic hutong neighborhoods are frequently in need of repair, improvement, and basic maintenance, and prior theory-based research and design interventions have not resolved issues regarding quantity and quality of housing in these neighborhoods. This study looks at two sites, the Qinglong and Paoju hutongs(referred to as lanes, narrow streets, or alleys) in Beijng′s Dongcheng District, during the "Population Transfer and Street Rectification Campaign" of 2017. We document the underlying spatial layout of buildings and courtyards, as well as the demographic composition of the two streets. We then superimpose data about illegal construction and unlicensed additions to describe the current state of residential dwelling space(including gross floor area) in the neighborhood and to develop an analytical framework linking the neighborhood, courtyards and homes, households, and residential dwelling space. Finally, we adopt a human-centered perspective to suggest possible steps in sensitively addressing the challenge of protecting and improving homes and living conditions in historical areas without legal heritage status.
引文
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[3] 阳建强,杜雁,王引,等. 城市更新与功能提升[J].城市规划,2016,40(1):99-106.
[4] 刘健,黄伟文,王林,等. 城市非保护类街区的有机更[J]城市规划,2017,41(3):94-98.
[5] 马威,赵伟,王先鹏,等.旧城中心区非保护类街区有机更新存在问题与对策研究——以宁波市江夏街道为例[C].2017中国城市规划年会论文集(02城市更新),广东:中国城市规划年会, 2017:1269-1280.
[6] 有方空间. 有方报道[EB/OL].http://www.archiposition.com/information.html[2018-02-28].
[7] 北京市人民政府办公厅. 疏解整治促提升”专项行动[EB/OL].http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/zwzt/sjzzcts/[2018-02-28].
[8] 北京市人民政府. 拆除违法建设[EB/OL].http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/zwzt/sjzzcts/gznr/t1472000.htm[2018-02-28].
[9] 北京日报.“疏整促”11项行动提前超额完成任务[N/OL].北京日报.http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/zwzt/sjzzcts/zxjz/t1497501.htm.2017-11-02.
[10] 方彬楠,王子扬.东城区将出台“疏解整治促提升”专项行动方案[N/OL].北京商报网.http://www.bbtnews.com.cn/2017/1123/219650.shtml.2017-11-23.
[11] 贾珺.北京的四合院[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009.
[12] 北京市统计局,国家统计局北京调查总队.家庭户规模稳定住房质量明显改善——北京市2015年全国1%人口抽样调查系列分析之四[N/OL].http://tjj.beijing.gov.cn/zt/rkjd/sdjd/201603/t20160322_340777.html.2016-02-06
[13] 北京市统计局,国家统计局北京调查总队.北京市2015年暨“十二五”时期国民经济和社会发展统计公报[N/OL].http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/ndgb/201603/t20160329_346055.html.2016-02-15
[14] 杨贵庆,何江夏.传统社区有机更新的文献研究及价值研判[J].上海城市规划, 2015(05):12-16.
[15] 北京市文物局.北京旧城文物保护单位与历史文化保护区图[N/OL].http://www.bjww.gov.cn/2009/9-11/1252653846312.html.2009-9-11