围栏封育对天山北坡草甸草原生态系统碳交换的影响
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摘要
草本层和大气间的碳交换及其对环境因子的响应是目前研究的热点。该研究通过静态箱法,采用LI-840 CO_2/H_2O红外分析仪,对新疆天山北坡草甸草原围封9年的样地和围栏外自然放牧生态系统碳交换进行监测,分析了围栏内外生态系统碳交换的差异性、日变化、季节变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:围栏内生态系统碳交换高于围栏外,围栏内外表现出明显的差异性;围栏内外生态系统碳交换均存在明显的日变化和季节变化规律,呈单峰曲线,且在植物生长季峰形比较明显。在整个监测期间,围栏内外生态系统CO_2净交换最小值分别为–7.62和–6.63μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1),生态系统呼吸最大值分别为8.55和7.04μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1),生态系统总初级生产力最大值分别为–14.66和–13.89μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1)。因围栏内植被得到保护,草本植物生长茂盛,光合作用强,生态系统CO_2净交换较小,同时有机碳的输入增强了生态系统呼吸。分析发现生态系统碳交换与气温和0–10 cm土壤温度显著相关,与气温的相关性高于与0–10 cm土壤温度的相关性,且围栏内禁牧处理相关性高于围栏外自然放牧草地;土壤含水量与生态系统碳交换存在一定的相关性,但其相关性略低于温度与生态系统碳交换的相关性。
Aims The carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere and its response to environmental factors is the focus of current research. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of fencing on ecosystem carbon exchange at meadow steppe in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. Methods The static box method with a LI-840 CO_2/H_2 O infrared analyzer was used to evaluate daily and seasonal changes of ecosystem carbon exchange and their relationship with environmental factors in the inside fence and outside fence after 9 years fencing. Important findings We found the ecosystem carbon exchange inside the fence was significantly(p < 0.05) higher than that in outside the fence. The ecosystem carbon exchange had obvious daily and seasonal variation both in inside and outside the fence, which showed a unimodal curve during the plant growing season. The minimum net ecosystem CO_2 exchange(NEE) in the inside and outside of the fences were –7.62 and –6.63 μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1), respectively; the maximum ecosystem respiration(–1 ER) were 8.55 and 7.04 μmol·m~(–2)·s, respectively; and the maximum gross ecosystem productivity(GEP) were –14.66 and –13.89 μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1), respectively. Due to the protection of fence, the vegetation in the fence was flourished with higher photosynthesis, and thus resulted in lower NEE. Meanwhile, organic carbon input enhanced ecosystem respiration. Besides, the ecosystem carbon exchange significantly correlated with the air temperature and soil temperature of 0 to 10 cm depth, and the correlation with the air temperature was higher than soil temperature of 0 to 10 cm depth. Also, the correlation in the inside of the fence was higher than that in the outside of the fence. Ecosystem carbon exchange had correlation with soil water content, but the correlation was slightly lower than that with soil temperature.
Aims The carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere and its response to environmental factors is the focus of current research. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of fencing on ecosystem carbon exchange at meadow steppe in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. Methods The static box method with a LI-840 CO_2/H_2 O infrared analyzer was used to evaluate daily and seasonal changes of ecosystem carbon exchange and their relationship with environmental factors in the inside fence and outside fence after 9 years fencing. Important findings We found the ecosystem carbon exchange inside the fence was significantly(p < 0.05) higher than that in outside the fence. The ecosystem carbon exchange had obvious daily and seasonal variation both in inside and outside the fence, which showed a unimodal curve during the plant growing season. The minimum net ecosystem CO_2 exchange(NEE) in the inside and outside of the fences were –7.62 and –6.63 μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1), respectively; the maximum ecosystem respiration(–1 ER) were 8.55 and 7.04 μmol·m~(–2)·s, respectively; and the maximum gross ecosystem productivity(GEP) were –14.66 and –13.89 μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1), respectively. Due to the protection of fence, the vegetation in the fence was flourished with higher photosynthesis, and thus resulted in lower NEE. Meanwhile, organic carbon input enhanced ecosystem respiration. Besides, the ecosystem carbon exchange significantly correlated with the air temperature and soil temperature of 0 to 10 cm depth, and the correlation with the air temperature was higher than soil temperature of 0 to 10 cm depth. Also, the correlation in the inside of the fence was higher than that in the outside of the fence. Ecosystem carbon exchange had correlation with soil water content, but the correlation was slightly lower than that with soil temperature.
引文
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Chen QS,Li LH,Han XG,Yan ZD,Wang YF,Zhang Y,Yuan ZY,Tang F(2003).Responses of soil respiration to temperature in eleven communities in Xilingol grassland,Inner Mongolia.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,27,441-447.[陈全胜,李凌浩,韩兴国,阎志丹,王艳芬,张焱,袁志友,唐芳(2003).温带草原11个植物群落夏秋土壤呼吸对气温变化的响应.植物生态学报,27,441-447.]
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Fu YL,Yu GR,Wang YF,Li ZQ,Hao YB(2006).Effect of water stress on ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration of a Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia.Science in China:Series D,Earth Sciences,36(Suppl.I),183-193.[伏玉玲,于贵瑞,王艳芬,李正泉,郝彦宾(2006).水分胁迫对内蒙古羊草草原生态系统光合和呼吸作用的影响.中国科学:D辑地球科学,36(增刊I),183-193.]
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Houghton RA(2003).Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use and land management 1850-2000.Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology,55,378-390.
Hu Y,Zhu XP,Han DL,Jia HT,Hu BA,Li DP(2016).Effects of fencing on soil respiration rates in the meadow steppes in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.Acta Ecologica Sinica,36,6379-6386.[胡毅,朱新萍,韩东亮,贾宏涛,胡保安,李典鹏(2016).围栏封育对天山北坡草甸草原土壤呼吸的影响.生态学报,36,6379-6386.]
Jia BR,Zhou GS,Wang FY,Wang YH(2005).Soil respiration and its influencing factors at grazing and fenced typical Leymus chinensis steppe,Nei Monggol.Environment Science,26(6),1-7.[贾丙瑞,周广胜,王风玉,王玉辉(2005).放牧与围栏羊草草原土壤呼吸作用及其影响因子.环境科学,26(6),1-7.]
Jia BR,Zhou GS,Wang FY,Wang YH,Weng EH(2007).Effects of grazing on soil respiration of Leymus chinensis steppe.Climatic Change,82,211-223.
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