大针茅对放牧生态系统植物群落地上生物量的调控作用
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摘要
通过放牧梯度试验,研究放牧对内蒙古典型草原5种优势植物在个体、种群和群落水平上的影响,探讨大针茅(Stip grandis)对放牧生态系统植物群落地上生物量的调控作用。结果表明:个体水平,中轻度放牧对以大针茅和糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)为代表的丛生禾草株高影响较小,对以羊草(Leymus chinensis)、黄囊苔草(Carex korshinskyi)和米氏冰草(Agropyron michnoi)为代表的根茎型禾草株高影响较大,植物株高的降低与个体地上生物量减少呈显著正相关。种群水平,大针茅种群生物量对放牧的响应迟缓,羊草、米氏冰草、糙隐子草和黄囊苔草种群生物量的减少与多度减少呈显著正相关。群落水平,大针茅的耐牧性使其成为资源重配的获益者,轻中度放牧干扰下,其地上生物量的补偿生长缓冲了放牧对群落的影响,对维持群落生产力与功能稳定性起重要的调控作用。
A grazing density experiment was conducted in the typical steppe of Inner Mongolia.Based on the influence of grazing on 5dominant species in individual,population and community level,respectively,the experiment explored the regulatory effects of Stip grandis on above-ground biomass in grazing ecosystem.Results showed that:In individual level,heights of bunch grass(Stip grandis and Cleistogenes squarrosa)were not affected by light and moderate grazing,while heights of rhizome grass(Leymus chinensis,Agropyron michnoi and Carex korshinskyi)were decreased with grazing treatment.There was apositive correlation between plant height and individual biomass in grazing ecosystem.In population level,Stip grandis was not sensitive to grazing,but the population biomass of Leymus chinensis,Agropyron michnoi,Cleistogenes squarrosa and Carex korshinskyi showed positive correlation to their richness.In community level,community biomass was regulated by biomass of Stip grandis,which has the high grazing tolerance.In light and moderate grazing treatment,Stip grandis was the beneficiary within the redistributed resource.Compensatory growth of Stip grandis buffered the disturbance of grazing,and regulated the community production and functional stability.
A grazing density experiment was conducted in the typical steppe of Inner Mongolia.Based on the influence of grazing on 5dominant species in individual,population and community level,respectively,the experiment explored the regulatory effects of Stip grandis on above-ground biomass in grazing ecosystem.Results showed that:In individual level,heights of bunch grass(Stip grandis and Cleistogenes squarrosa)were not affected by light and moderate grazing,while heights of rhizome grass(Leymus chinensis,Agropyron michnoi and Carex korshinskyi)were decreased with grazing treatment.There was apositive correlation between plant height and individual biomass in grazing ecosystem.In population level,Stip grandis was not sensitive to grazing,but the population biomass of Leymus chinensis,Agropyron michnoi,Cleistogenes squarrosa and Carex korshinskyi showed positive correlation to their richness.In community level,community biomass was regulated by biomass of Stip grandis,which has the high grazing tolerance.In light and moderate grazing treatment,Stip grandis was the beneficiary within the redistributed resource.Compensatory growth of Stip grandis buffered the disturbance of grazing,and regulated the community production and functional stability.
引文
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[23]Wang Y,Duan W X,Tu C,et al.Soil carbon,nitrogen and microbial dynamics of pasturelands:impacts of grazing intensity and planting systems[J].Pedosphere,2014,24(3):408-416
[24]安渊,李博,杨持,等.不同放牧率对大针茅种群结构的影响[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(2):163-169
[25]Dong X B,Brown M T,Pfahler D,et al.Carbon modeling and emergy evaluation of grassland management schemes in Inner Mongolia[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2012,158(1):49-57
[26]Lawrence K L,Wise D H.Spider predation on forest-floor Collembola and evidence for indirect effects on decomposition[J].Pedobiologia,2000,44(1):33-39
[27]Bai Y F,Han X G,Wu J G,et al.Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland[J].Nature,2004,431(7005):181-184
[2]丁勇,侯向阳,吴新宏,等.气候变化背景下草原生态系统研究热点探讨[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(5):124-132
[3]Augustine D J,McNaughton S J.Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant communities:herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance[J].Journal of Wildlife Management,1998,62(4):1165-1183
[4]Varnamkhasti A S,Milchunas D G,Lauenroth W K,et al.Production and rain use efficiency in short-grass steppe:grazing history,defoliation and water resource[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,1995,6(6):787-796
[5]Yan L,Zhou G S,Zhang F.Effects of different grazing intensities on grassland production in China:a meta-analysis[J].Plos One,2013,8(12):1-9
[6]Ritchie M E,Tilman D,Knops J M H.Herbivore effects on plant and nitrogen dynamics in oak savanna[J].Ecology,1998,79(1):165-177
[7]Olff H,Ritchie M E.Effects of herbivores on grassland plant diversity[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1998,13(7):261-265
[8]Adler P B,Raff D A,Lauenroth W K.The effect of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation[J].Oecologia,2001,128(4):465-479
[9]Bardgett R D,Wardle D A.Herbivore-mediated linkages between aboveground and belowground communities[J].Ecology,2003,84(9):2258-2268
[10]Knapp A,Hoover D,Blair J,et al.A test of two mechanisms proposed to optimize grassland aboveground primary productivity in response to grazing[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,8(6):1-9
[11]Hilbert D,Swift D,Detling J,et al.Relative growth rates and the grazing optimization hypothesis[J].Oecologia,1981,51(1):14-18
[12]Patton B D,Dong X J,Nyren P E,et al.Effects of grazing intensity,precipitation,and temperature on forage production[J].Rangeland Ecology&Management,2007,60(6):656-665
[13]Liu Y,Pan Q,Liu H,et al.Plant responses following grazing removal at different stocking rates in an Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem[J].Plant and soil,2011,340(1-2):199-213
[14]Cheng J,Jing Z,Jin J,et al.Restoration and utilization mechanism of degraded grassland in the semi-arid region of loess plateau[J].Scientia Sinica Vitae,2014,44(3):267-279
[15]Yuan F,Zhu Z,Li Y,et al.Research on compensatory growth of Stipa alienaand impact factors under different habitats[J].Pratacultural Science,2011,28(11):1972-1981
[16]Li S Y,Liu Z L,Chang Y,et al.The stability and compensation of the primary productivity of the typical steppe in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(1):1-8
[17]汪诗平,李永宏,陈佐忠.内蒙古典型草原草畜系统适宜放牧率的研究Ⅱ.以牧草地上现存量和净初级生产力为管理目标[J].草地学报,1999,7(3):192-197
[18]刘贵河,王国杰,汪诗平,等.内蒙古典型草原主要草食动物食性及其营养生态位研究——以羊草群落为例[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):103-111
[19]王炜,梁存柱,刘钟龄,等.草原群落退化与恢复演替中的植物个体行为分析[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):268-274
[20]Li X L,Liu Z Y,WANG Z,et al.Pathways of Leymus chinensis Individual Aboveground Biomass Decline in Natural Semiarid Grassland Induced by Overgrazing:A Study at the Plant Functional Trait Scale[J].PloS one,2015,10(5):1-17
[21]Chen S P,Bai Y F,Zhang L X,et al.Comparing physiological responses of two dominant grass species to nitrogen addition in xilin river basin of China[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2005,53(1):65-75
[22]安渊,李博,杨持,等.内蒙古大针茅草原植物生产力及其可持续利用研究Ⅲ[J].内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,2000,31(6):608-608
[23]Wang Y,Duan W X,Tu C,et al.Soil carbon,nitrogen and microbial dynamics of pasturelands:impacts of grazing intensity and planting systems[J].Pedosphere,2014,24(3):408-416
[24]安渊,李博,杨持,等.不同放牧率对大针茅种群结构的影响[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(2):163-169
[25]Dong X B,Brown M T,Pfahler D,et al.Carbon modeling and emergy evaluation of grassland management schemes in Inner Mongolia[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2012,158(1):49-57
[26]Lawrence K L,Wise D H.Spider predation on forest-floor Collembola and evidence for indirect effects on decomposition[J].Pedobiologia,2000,44(1):33-39
[27]Bai Y F,Han X G,Wu J G,et al.Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland[J].Nature,2004,431(7005):181-184