激光熔覆WC/H13-Inconel625复合材料的冲击韧性与磨损性能
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摘要
针对传统颗粒增强复合材料韧性较差的问题,以WC/H13为增强区材料,Inconel625为韧化区材料,采用激光熔覆的方法制备空间夹层分布的结构韧化复合材料。借助光学显微镜、超景深三维显微镜、扫描电子显微镜分析复合材料及其冲击断口的微观结构与组织,利用夏比冲击试验机、摩擦磨损试验机研究复合材料的冲击韧性与磨损性能。结果表明:增强区为20%(体积分数,下同)WC/H13复合材料,以WC颗粒和反应生成的碳化物M_6C为主要增强相;韧化区为Inconel625合金,主要组织为柱状晶、树枝晶和沉淀相。Inconel625平均硬度为230.5HV,WC/H13硬度由强韧界面向中心区域逐渐升高到402HV。结构韧化复合材料的平均冲击功为13.8J/cm~2,是传统10%WC/H13复合材料的5.5倍。在室温干滑动磨损条件下,结构韧化复合材料的耐磨性达到传统10%WC/H13复合材料相同水平,是淬火态H13钢的5倍,结构韧化复合材料的平均摩擦因数为传统10%WC/H13复合材料的81%,淬火态H13钢的80%,具有良好的减摩效果与耐磨性。结构韧化可以在保证优异耐磨性的同时,大幅度提高颗粒增强复合材料的冲击韧性。
To improve the poor toughness of traditional particulate reinforced composites, microstructurally toughened composites with WC/H13 as reinforced region and Inconel625 as toughened region were prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure of composites and impact fracture were analysed by optical microscopy, ultra-depth 3 D microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The impact toughness and wear property of composites were investigated by Charpy impact testing machine and friction-abrasion testing machine. The results show that the reinforced region of 20%(volume fraction,the same below)WC/H13 is reinforced by WC particles and M_6C carbides while the toughened region of Inconel625 alloy is mainly composed of columnar dendrite crystals and precipitated phases. The average hardness of Inconel625 is 230.5 HV, while the hardness of WC/H13 is gradually increased to 402 HV from the interface to the center area. The average impact energy of microstructurally toughened composites is 13.8 J/cm~2, which is 5.5 times of traditional 10%WC/H13. In the condition of dry sliding wear at room temperature, the wear resistance of microstructurally toughened composites is comparable to traditional 10%WC/H13 and 5 times of quenched H13 steel. The average friction coefficient of microstructurally toughened composites is 81% of traditional 10%WC/H13 and 80% of quenched H13 steel, which indicates excellent anti-wear and wear resistant property. By microstructurally toughening, the impact toughness of particulate reinforced composites can be substantially improved with excellent wear resistant property ensured.
To improve the poor toughness of traditional particulate reinforced composites, microstructurally toughened composites with WC/H13 as reinforced region and Inconel625 as toughened region were prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure of composites and impact fracture were analysed by optical microscopy, ultra-depth 3 D microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The impact toughness and wear property of composites were investigated by Charpy impact testing machine and friction-abrasion testing machine. The results show that the reinforced region of 20%(volume fraction,the same below)WC/H13 is reinforced by WC particles and M_6C carbides while the toughened region of Inconel625 alloy is mainly composed of columnar dendrite crystals and precipitated phases. The average hardness of Inconel625 is 230.5 HV, while the hardness of WC/H13 is gradually increased to 402 HV from the interface to the center area. The average impact energy of microstructurally toughened composites is 13.8 J/cm~2, which is 5.5 times of traditional 10%WC/H13. In the condition of dry sliding wear at room temperature, the wear resistance of microstructurally toughened composites is comparable to traditional 10%WC/H13 and 5 times of quenched H13 steel. The average friction coefficient of microstructurally toughened composites is 81% of traditional 10%WC/H13 and 80% of quenched H13 steel, which indicates excellent anti-wear and wear resistant property. By microstructurally toughening, the impact toughness of particulate reinforced composites can be substantially improved with excellent wear resistant property ensured.
引文
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[2] 杨胶溪,张健全,常万庆,等.激光熔覆WC/Ni基复合涂层高温滑动干摩擦磨损性能[J].材料工程,2016,44(6):110-116. YANG J X,ZHANG J Q,CHANG W Q,et al.High temperature dry sliding friction and wear performance of laser cladding WC/Ni composite coating[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2016,44(6):110-116.
[3] LEE Y T R,ASHRAFIZADE H,FISHER G,et al.Effect of type of reinforcing particles on the deposition efficiency and wear resistance of low-pressure cold-sprayed metal matrix composite coatings[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2017,324:190-200.
[4] MIRACLE D B.Metal matrix composites-from science to techn-ological significance[J].Composites Science & Technology,2005,65(15/16):2526-2540.
[5] 张玉波,郭荣鑫,夏海廷,等.WCp含量对粉末冶金Cu/WCp复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响[J].材料工程,2017,45(1):85-92. ZHANG Y B,GUO R X,XIA H T,et al.Effect of WCp content on fatigue crack growth behavior of powder metallurgy Cu/WCp composites[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2017,45(1):85-92.
[6] YE F X,HOJAMBERDIEY M,XU Y H,et al.Volume fraction effect of V8C7 particulates on impact toughness and wear performance of V8C7/Fe monolithic composites[J].Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance,2014,23(4):1402-1407.
[7] 张宁.WC颗粒增强钢基复合材料的组织及性能研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015. ZHANG N.Study on the microstructure and property of WC particulates reinforced steel matrix composites[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.
[8] NARDONE V C,STRIFE J R,PREWO K M.Microstructurally toughened particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composites[J].Metallurgical Transactions A,1991,22(1):171-182.
[9] 杨少锋,张炎,蔡云杰,等.三维网络结构Al2O3陶瓷/高铬铸铁复合材料干摩擦磨损性能[J].复合材料学报,2014,31(3):683-691. YANG S F, ZHANG Y,CAI Y J,et al.Dry friction and wear properties of 3D-meshy Al2O3 ceramic reinforced high chromium iron composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2014,31(3):683-691.
[10] QING S Y,ZHANG G D.Preparation of high fracture perfo-rmance SiCp-6061A1/6061A1 composite[J].Materials Science & Engineering:A,2000,279(1/2):231-236.
[11] 赵馨月.陶瓷颗粒增强钢基复合材料/钢三维互穿网络结构材料的制备及性能初探[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2016. ZHAO X Y.Preparation and investigation of 3D-MMCs/steel composites with interpenetrating Bi-continuous structure[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2016.
[12] CURREY J D,KOHN A J.Fracture in the crossed-lamellar structure of conus shells[J].Journal of Material Science,1976,11(9):1615-1623.
[13] 刘德建,陈彦宾,李福泉,等.激光熔注法制备WC颗粒增强金属基复合材料层[J].中国激光,2008,35(7):1083-1086. LIU D J,CHEN Y B,LI F Q,et al.WC particulate reinforced metal matrix composites layers produced by laser melt injection[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2008,35(7):1083-1086.
[14] 郭龙龙,郑华林,李悦钦,等.热丝脉冲TIG堆焊Inconel625的组织及性能[J].中国表面工程,2016,29(2):77-84. GUO L L,ZHENG H L,LI Y Q,et al.Microstructure and performance of Inconel625 cladding deposited by hot wire pulsed TIG[J].China Surface Engineering,2016,29(2):77-84.
[15] 邓守军,孙乐民,张永振.磨损机理的变迁与现状[J].机械研究与应用,2004,17(6):10-11. DENG S J,SUN Y M,ZHANG Y Z.The changes and present status of wear mechanism[J].Mechanical Research and Application, 2004,17(6):10-11.
[16] HUANG S W,SAMANDI M,BRANDT M.Abrasive wear performance and microstructure of laser clad WC/Ni layers[J].Wear,2004,256(11/12):1095-1105.