城市第一代独生子女父母的社会养老服务需求——基于五省调查数据的分析
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摘要
基于2015年五省市独生子女家庭状况调查数据,分析城市第一代独生子女父母社区养老和机构养老需求及影响因素。研究发现,逾30%的独生子女父母将来需要社区提供的养老服务;约40%的独生子女父母将来打算入住养老院。家庭养老支持与社会养老服务需求间存在一定的替代性。子女给予的家务支持、净经济支持将会使父母对社区提供的各类养老服务的需求明显降低;父母的社会交往则会促使其对社区养老服务和入住养老院意愿上升。社会化养老服务的供给需充分认识独生子女父母群体养老需求的异质性,关注的老年人健康和收入状况,提高康复治疗、护理等社区服务水平,引导市场发展更多的中档养护型养老机构。
Based on the data of the first-generation only-child family survey in 5 provinces, this paper analyses the characteristics of the first-generation only-child parents 'needs of the communitybased old-age care services and their willingness to stay in nursing homes, and the corresponding influencing factors are also be revealed. The results shows that above 30% only-child parents need the oldage services provided by communities, especially the recreational activities, the elderly table, home visits/drug delivery and home living care. About 40% only-child parents have plan to stay in a nursing home in the future. There are substitution effect between family support and social support for the ageing. The demand probability of community old-age services among parents with the helps of practical support and net financial support provided by the only-child is lower than t/hose not getting child 's support. The social interation of the only-child parents will promote their willingness to stay in nursing homes and the demands of community old-age services. The socialized pension service supply needs to fully understand the one-child elderly population's needs, paying attention to the health and income of the elderly, improving the level and quality of community services, such as rehabilitation treatment and nursing care, and guide the market to develop more mid-range conservation-oriented pension insituations. Simultaneously, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the community service and the community nursing home in secondary cities and prefecture-level cities in order to meet the needs of the one-child parents in urban areas.
Based on the data of the first-generation only-child family survey in 5 provinces, this paper analyses the characteristics of the first-generation only-child parents 'needs of the communitybased old-age care services and their willingness to stay in nursing homes, and the corresponding influencing factors are also be revealed. The results shows that above 30% only-child parents need the oldage services provided by communities, especially the recreational activities, the elderly table, home visits/drug delivery and home living care. About 40% only-child parents have plan to stay in a nursing home in the future. There are substitution effect between family support and social support for the ageing. The demand probability of community old-age services among parents with the helps of practical support and net financial support provided by the only-child is lower than t/hose not getting child 's support. The social interation of the only-child parents will promote their willingness to stay in nursing homes and the demands of community old-age services. The socialized pension service supply needs to fully understand the one-child elderly population's needs, paying attention to the health and income of the elderly, improving the level and quality of community services, such as rehabilitation treatment and nursing care, and guide the market to develop more mid-range conservation-oriented pension insituations. Simultaneously, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the community service and the community nursing home in secondary cities and prefecture-level cities in order to meet the needs of the one-child parents in urban areas.
引文
(1)杨书章、郭震威:《中国独生子女现状及其对未来人口发展的影响》,《市场与人口分析》2000年第4期。
(1)“9064”模式指90%的老年人在社会化服务协助下通过家庭照顾养老,6%的老年人通过政府购买社区照顾服务养老,4%的老年人入住养老服务机构集中养老“;9073”模式涵义类似。
(2)中华人民共和国民政部:《2015年社会服务发展统计公报》,http://www.mca.gov.cn/article/sj/tjgb/201607/20160700001136.shtml。
(3)吴玉韶等:《中国养老机构发展研究》,《老龄科学研究》2015年第8期。
(4)如王树新、赵智伟《第一代独生子女父母养老方式的选择与支持研究》,《人口与经济》2007年第4期;风笑天《中国独生子女问题研究》,经济科学出版社2013年版。
(1)子女给予父母的养老支持中的净经济支持为过去一年子女给予父母的经济支持额与父母予以子女的经济支持额之差。
(1)“9064”模式指90%的老年人在社会化服务协助下通过家庭照顾养老,6%的老年人通过政府购买社区照顾服务养老,4%的老年人入住养老服务机构集中养老“;9073”模式涵义类似。
(2)中华人民共和国民政部:《2015年社会服务发展统计公报》,http://www.mca.gov.cn/article/sj/tjgb/201607/20160700001136.shtml。
(3)吴玉韶等:《中国养老机构发展研究》,《老龄科学研究》2015年第8期。
(4)如王树新、赵智伟《第一代独生子女父母养老方式的选择与支持研究》,《人口与经济》2007年第4期;风笑天《中国独生子女问题研究》,经济科学出版社2013年版。
(1)子女给予父母的养老支持中的净经济支持为过去一年子女给予父母的经济支持额与父母予以子女的经济支持额之差。