台湾民众政治效能感的影响因素研究——基于亚洲民主动态调查数据的多层线性分析
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摘要
政治效能感作为衡量民众政治态度和价值取向的重要指标,可以解释民众对政治运转的评价。本文采用亚洲民主动态调查数据(2014年),通过多层线性模型(HLM)分析,探讨影响台湾民众政治效能感的因素。研究发现:影响台湾民众政治效能的因素包括个人和组织两个层面。在个人因素层面,台湾民众个人的政治参与、政党认同、教育水准、大陆认识都会影响其内在或外在政治效能感。在组织因素层面,台湾民众所归属的社会组织及社会组织的政治参与,也会影响个人的内在或外在政治效能感。
As an important index to measure people' s political attitude and value orientation, the sense of political efficacy can be used to explain the public evaluation of political operation. Based on the data of Asian dynamic democracy survey and the analysis of the Hierarchical Linear Model( HLM), this paper makes a detailed discussion of the factors that affect the political efficacy of the people of Taiwan. The findings show that there are two factors that affect their political efficacy, that is, personal and organizational. In terms of personal factors, the political participation, political party identity,educational level as well as the understanding of the mainland all affect their internal or external political efficacy. While in terms of organizational factors, the social organizations to which Taiwan people belong and the political participation of social organizations also affect the individuals ' internal or external political efficacy.
As an important index to measure people' s political attitude and value orientation, the sense of political efficacy can be used to explain the public evaluation of political operation. Based on the data of Asian dynamic democracy survey and the analysis of the Hierarchical Linear Model( HLM), this paper makes a detailed discussion of the factors that affect the political efficacy of the people of Taiwan. The findings show that there are two factors that affect their political efficacy, that is, personal and organizational. In terms of personal factors, the political participation, political party identity,educational level as well as the understanding of the mainland all affect their internal or external political efficacy. While in terms of organizational factors, the social organizations to which Taiwan people belong and the political participation of social organizations also affect the individuals ' internal or external political efficacy.
引文
[1] A. Campbell, G. Gurin, W. E. Miller.“The Voter Decides”, American Sociological Review,1954, 19(6):429-433.
[2] R. Weissberg.“Political Efficacy and Political Illusion”, Journal of Politics,1975, 37(2):469-487.
[3] D. Easton, J. Dennis.“The Child's Acquisition of Regime Norms:Political Efficacy”, American Political Science Review, 1967, 61(1):25-38.
[4] G. A. Almond, S. Verba.The Civic Culture:Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, Princeton University Press, 1963.
[5] E. R. Lane.Political Life, New York:Macmillan Co., 1959.
[6] H. B. Asher.“The Reliability of the Political Efficacy Items”,Political Methodology, 1974,1(2):45-72.
[7] P. R, Abramson, J. H. Aldrich.“The Decline of Electoral Participation in America”,American Political Science Review, 1982, 76(3):502-521.
[8] L. Bobo, F. D. Gilliam.“Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black Empowerment”, American Political Science Review, 1990, 84(02):377-393.
[9]吴重礼、汤京平、黄纪:《我国“政治功效意识”测量之初探》,《选举研究》(台北)1999年第6期。
[10]陈陆辉:《政治功效意识、政治信任感以及台湾选民的民主价值》,2002年10月台湾政治大学选举研究中心会议论文。
[11][18][35]王靖兴、王德育:《台湾民众的政治参与对其政治功效意识之影响:以2004年“总统”选举为例》,《台湾政治学刊》(台北)2007年第11期。
[12]黄信豪:《政治功效意识的行动效果(1998-2003)》,《台湾民主季刊》(台北)2006年第3期。
[13][28]庄文忠:《台湾民众公民意识的变化:2008年政权二次轮替前后的比较分析》,《人文及社会科学集刊》(台北)2010年第6期。
[14]金姗姗:《政治参与行为对政治效能感的影响——基于浙江省闾村基层民主选举投票的实证调研》,《甘肃行政学院学报》(兰州)2012年第2期。
[15][25]范柏乃、徐巍:《我国公民政治效能感的影响因素研究——基于CGSS2010数据的多元回归分析》,《浙江社会科学》(杭州)2014年第11期。
[16]K.Ikeda, T. Kobayashi, M. Hoshimoto.“Does Political Participation Make a Difference? The Relationship between Political Choice, Civic Engagement and Political Efficacy”, Electoral Studies, 2008,27(1):77-88.
[17]胡荣、沈珊:《社会信任、政治参与和公众的政治效能感》,《东南学术》2015年第3期。
[19] R. Y. Shapiro.“Political Attitudes in America:Formation and Change by Paul R.Abramson”, American Political Science Review, 1984, 78(1):207-207.
[20] M. B. MacKuen, R. S. Erikson, J. A. Stimson.“Macropartisanship”, American Political Science Review, 1989, 83(04):1125-1142.
[21] A. H. Miller, E. N. Goldenberg,L.Erbring,“Type-set Politics:Impact of Newspapers on Public Confidence”,American Political Science Review, 1979, 73(1):67-84.
[22] J. E. Newhagen.“Media Use and Political Efficacy:The Suburbanization of Race and Class”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1994, 45(6):386-394.
[23]陈陆辉、黄信豪:《社会化媒介、在学经验与台湾大学生的政治功效意识和政治参与》,《东亚研究》(台北)2007年第1期。
[24]张卿卿:《竞选新闻框架与广告诉求对选民政治效能与信赖感的影响》,《新闻学研究》(台北)2002年第4期。
[26] M. R. Anderson.“Community Psychology, Political Efficacy, and Trust”, Political Psychology,2010,31(1):59-84.
[27]王正:《重建台湾青年中国认同的多棱视角与策略路径》,《台湾研究》2016年第1期。
[29] F. L. Lee.“Collective Efficacy, Support for Democratization, and Political Participation in Hong Kong”, Internation-al Journal of Public Opinion Research, 2006, 18(3):297-317(21).
[30] C. E. Shalley, J. Zhou, G. R. Oldham.“The Effects of Personal and Contextual Characteristics on Creativity:Where Should We Go from Here?", Journal of Management, 2004, 30(6):933-958.
[31] F. J. L. Montes, A. R. Moreno, L. M. M. Fernández.“Assessing the Organizational Climate and Contractual Relationship for Perceptions of Support for Innovation”,Intrnational Journal of Manpower, 2004, 25(2):167-180(14).
[32] A. S. Bryk, S. W. Raudenbush."Hierarchical Linear Models:Applications and Data Analysis Methods”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1992, 88(463):767-768.
[33]邱皓政、温福星:《多层次模式的交互作用与脉络变数的饱和模式分析:以组织气氛知觉对工作满意的影响为例》,《人力资源管理学报》(高雄)2015年第15期。
[34] J. Cohen. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences(Revised Edition). Biometrics, 1988.
[2] R. Weissberg.“Political Efficacy and Political Illusion”, Journal of Politics,1975, 37(2):469-487.
[3] D. Easton, J. Dennis.“The Child's Acquisition of Regime Norms:Political Efficacy”, American Political Science Review, 1967, 61(1):25-38.
[4] G. A. Almond, S. Verba.The Civic Culture:Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, Princeton University Press, 1963.
[5] E. R. Lane.Political Life, New York:Macmillan Co., 1959.
[6] H. B. Asher.“The Reliability of the Political Efficacy Items”,Political Methodology, 1974,1(2):45-72.
[7] P. R, Abramson, J. H. Aldrich.“The Decline of Electoral Participation in America”,American Political Science Review, 1982, 76(3):502-521.
[8] L. Bobo, F. D. Gilliam.“Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black Empowerment”, American Political Science Review, 1990, 84(02):377-393.
[9]吴重礼、汤京平、黄纪:《我国“政治功效意识”测量之初探》,《选举研究》(台北)1999年第6期。
[10]陈陆辉:《政治功效意识、政治信任感以及台湾选民的民主价值》,2002年10月台湾政治大学选举研究中心会议论文。
[11][18][35]王靖兴、王德育:《台湾民众的政治参与对其政治功效意识之影响:以2004年“总统”选举为例》,《台湾政治学刊》(台北)2007年第11期。
[12]黄信豪:《政治功效意识的行动效果(1998-2003)》,《台湾民主季刊》(台北)2006年第3期。
[13][28]庄文忠:《台湾民众公民意识的变化:2008年政权二次轮替前后的比较分析》,《人文及社会科学集刊》(台北)2010年第6期。
[14]金姗姗:《政治参与行为对政治效能感的影响——基于浙江省闾村基层民主选举投票的实证调研》,《甘肃行政学院学报》(兰州)2012年第2期。
[15][25]范柏乃、徐巍:《我国公民政治效能感的影响因素研究——基于CGSS2010数据的多元回归分析》,《浙江社会科学》(杭州)2014年第11期。
[16]K.Ikeda, T. Kobayashi, M. Hoshimoto.“Does Political Participation Make a Difference? The Relationship between Political Choice, Civic Engagement and Political Efficacy”, Electoral Studies, 2008,27(1):77-88.
[17]胡荣、沈珊:《社会信任、政治参与和公众的政治效能感》,《东南学术》2015年第3期。
[19] R. Y. Shapiro.“Political Attitudes in America:Formation and Change by Paul R.Abramson”, American Political Science Review, 1984, 78(1):207-207.
[20] M. B. MacKuen, R. S. Erikson, J. A. Stimson.“Macropartisanship”, American Political Science Review, 1989, 83(04):1125-1142.
[21] A. H. Miller, E. N. Goldenberg,L.Erbring,“Type-set Politics:Impact of Newspapers on Public Confidence”,American Political Science Review, 1979, 73(1):67-84.
[22] J. E. Newhagen.“Media Use and Political Efficacy:The Suburbanization of Race and Class”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1994, 45(6):386-394.
[23]陈陆辉、黄信豪:《社会化媒介、在学经验与台湾大学生的政治功效意识和政治参与》,《东亚研究》(台北)2007年第1期。
[24]张卿卿:《竞选新闻框架与广告诉求对选民政治效能与信赖感的影响》,《新闻学研究》(台北)2002年第4期。
[26] M. R. Anderson.“Community Psychology, Political Efficacy, and Trust”, Political Psychology,2010,31(1):59-84.
[27]王正:《重建台湾青年中国认同的多棱视角与策略路径》,《台湾研究》2016年第1期。
[29] F. L. Lee.“Collective Efficacy, Support for Democratization, and Political Participation in Hong Kong”, Internation-al Journal of Public Opinion Research, 2006, 18(3):297-317(21).
[30] C. E. Shalley, J. Zhou, G. R. Oldham.“The Effects of Personal and Contextual Characteristics on Creativity:Where Should We Go from Here?", Journal of Management, 2004, 30(6):933-958.
[31] F. J. L. Montes, A. R. Moreno, L. M. M. Fernández.“Assessing the Organizational Climate and Contractual Relationship for Perceptions of Support for Innovation”,Intrnational Journal of Manpower, 2004, 25(2):167-180(14).
[32] A. S. Bryk, S. W. Raudenbush."Hierarchical Linear Models:Applications and Data Analysis Methods”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1992, 88(463):767-768.
[33]邱皓政、温福星:《多层次模式的交互作用与脉络变数的饱和模式分析:以组织气氛知觉对工作满意的影响为例》,《人力资源管理学报》(高雄)2015年第15期。
[34] J. Cohen. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences(Revised Edition). Biometrics, 1988.