困境中的欧盟更需要法德轴心作用
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摘要
当前欧盟面临诸多问题——英国"脱欧",法意两国在移民、难民问题处置上的分歧以及影响深刻的"民粹主义"。当今困扰中的欧盟前景到底如何?欧盟存在的关键是基于法国与德国之间的战略共识与亲密合作。就法德两国特殊关系而言,如果把1963年《爱丽舍条约》视为法德和解与合作基石的话,那么,2019年《亚琛条约》可以作为两国之间加强互信并在所有重大的欧洲与国际问题上采取共同立场的法律依据。面对全球化和新的国际问题的挑战,法德两国不仅要在共同外交与安全机制下维护双边的核心利益,而且同时要成为捍卫欧盟共同安全利益的责任大国。因此,随着英国的退出,如果欧盟中最强大的德法两国能够勇于担当历史重任,欧盟不仅将继续存在,而且会设法抓住全球化带来的新机遇,最终走出目前的困境并寻找到推动欧盟持续发展的新思维与新途径。
At present, the EU faces many problems, such as Brexit, the differences between France and Italy in the settlement of the immigrant and refugee issues, and the influential "populism". What is the prospect of the EU that is currently plagued? The key to the EU's existence is based on strategic consensus and close cooperation between France and Germany. As far as the special relationship between France and Germany is concerned, if the 1963 Elysee Treaty is regarded as the cornerstone of FrenchGerman reconciliation and cooperation, then the 2019 Treaty of Aachen can serve as a symbol of their mutual trust and the legal basis for them to adopt a common stand concerning all major European and international issues. Faced with the challenges of globalization and new international issues, France and Germany must not only maintain bilateral core interests under the common diplomatic and security mechanisms, but at the same time become the responsible countries that defend the EU's common security interests. Therefore, with the withdrawal of the UK, if Germany and France as the two most powerful EU countries can take up the historical responsibility, the EU will not only continue to exist, but will also try to seize the new opportunities brought about by globalization and eventually get out of the current predicament and find new ideas and new ways of sustainable development.
At present, the EU faces many problems, such as Brexit, the differences between France and Italy in the settlement of the immigrant and refugee issues, and the influential "populism". What is the prospect of the EU that is currently plagued? The key to the EU's existence is based on strategic consensus and close cooperation between France and Germany. As far as the special relationship between France and Germany is concerned, if the 1963 Elysee Treaty is regarded as the cornerstone of FrenchGerman reconciliation and cooperation, then the 2019 Treaty of Aachen can serve as a symbol of their mutual trust and the legal basis for them to adopt a common stand concerning all major European and international issues. Faced with the challenges of globalization and new international issues, France and Germany must not only maintain bilateral core interests under the common diplomatic and security mechanisms, but at the same time become the responsible countries that defend the EU's common security interests. Therefore, with the withdrawal of the UK, if Germany and France as the two most powerful EU countries can take up the historical responsibility, the EU will not only continue to exist, but will also try to seize the new opportunities brought about by globalization and eventually get out of the current predicament and find new ideas and new ways of sustainable development.
引文
[1]Samuel Huntington,"The U.S.-Decline or Renewal?", Foreign Affairs, winter 1988-1989, p. 93.
[2] A. J. P. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848-1918, Oxford University Press, 1971, p.xxi.
[3]陈乐民:《20世纪的欧洲》,上海:生活、读书、新知三联书店,2013年,第9页。
[4]Desmond Dinan, Ever Closer Union:An Introduction to European Integration, London:Palgrave, 2010, p. 11.
[5]Desmond Dinan, Europe Recast—A History of European Union, London:Palgrave, 2004, pp. 135-136.
[6]T. R. Reid, The United States of Europe, New York:Penguin Books, 2004, pp. 83-84.
[7]"Theresa May's Brexit Speech in Full",The Telegraph, 17 January, 2017, https://www.mirror.co. uk/news/uk-news/there sa-mays-br exit-speechfull-9637696, accessed February 27, 2019.
[8]阮佳闻:《德国总理默克尔就英国脱欧等问题表态》,海外网,https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1614631433378620653&wfr=spider&for=pc,2019年2月27日引用。
[9]俞可平:《现代化进程中的民粹主义》,《战略与管理》,1997年第1期,第88-96页。
[10]赵晨:《欧洲议会选举之后的欧洲政治走向》,《当代世界》,2014年第8期,第63-65页。
[11]Eugenio Bregolat,"Learn from the mistakes that led to the World War In, China Daily, 11November, 2018.
[12]Desmond Dinan, Ever Closer Union:An Introduction to European Integration, London:Palgrave, 2010, p. 33.
[13]Roy Macridis and De Gaulle, Implacable Ally,New York:Harper&Row, 1966, p. 188.
[14]Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy, New York:Simon&Schuster, 1994, p. 615.
[15]《默克尔呼吁建立有争议的欧洲联合部队》,《国际在线》,https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1617074983952168216&wfr=spider, 2019年2月26日引用。
[16]《加强法德轴心,两国新签<爱丽舍条约>》,《大公报》,2019年1月26日引用。
[17] Jiang Feng,"Can the Aachen Treaty revive Europen, Global Times, February 11, 2019.
[18]Joschka Fischer,"Will Germany permit join European security policy", February 23, 2019, https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d414e356b544f32457a6333566ds4/inde, accessed February 27, 2019.
[19]Henry Kissinger, World Order, London:Allen Lane, 2014, pp. 91-92.
[20]Norman Davies, Europe-A History, Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 1073.
[2] A. J. P. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848-1918, Oxford University Press, 1971, p.xxi.
[3]陈乐民:《20世纪的欧洲》,上海:生活、读书、新知三联书店,2013年,第9页。
[4]Desmond Dinan, Ever Closer Union:An Introduction to European Integration, London:Palgrave, 2010, p. 11.
[5]Desmond Dinan, Europe Recast—A History of European Union, London:Palgrave, 2004, pp. 135-136.
[6]T. R. Reid, The United States of Europe, New York:Penguin Books, 2004, pp. 83-84.
[7]"Theresa May's Brexit Speech in Full",The Telegraph, 17 January, 2017, https://www.mirror.co. uk/news/uk-news/there sa-mays-br exit-speechfull-9637696, accessed February 27, 2019.
[8]阮佳闻:《德国总理默克尔就英国脱欧等问题表态》,海外网,https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1614631433378620653&wfr=spider&for=pc,2019年2月27日引用。
[9]俞可平:《现代化进程中的民粹主义》,《战略与管理》,1997年第1期,第88-96页。
[10]赵晨:《欧洲议会选举之后的欧洲政治走向》,《当代世界》,2014年第8期,第63-65页。
[11]Eugenio Bregolat,"Learn from the mistakes that led to the World War In, China Daily, 11November, 2018.
[12]Desmond Dinan, Ever Closer Union:An Introduction to European Integration, London:Palgrave, 2010, p. 33.
[13]Roy Macridis and De Gaulle, Implacable Ally,New York:Harper&Row, 1966, p. 188.
[14]Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy, New York:Simon&Schuster, 1994, p. 615.
[15]《默克尔呼吁建立有争议的欧洲联合部队》,《国际在线》,https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1617074983952168216&wfr=spider, 2019年2月26日引用。
[16]《加强法德轴心,两国新签<爱丽舍条约>》,《大公报》,2019年1月26日引用。
[17] Jiang Feng,"Can the Aachen Treaty revive Europen, Global Times, February 11, 2019.
[18]Joschka Fischer,"Will Germany permit join European security policy", February 23, 2019, https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d414e356b544f32457a6333566ds4/inde, accessed February 27, 2019.
[19]Henry Kissinger, World Order, London:Allen Lane, 2014, pp. 91-92.
[20]Norman Davies, Europe-A History, Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 1073.