中国企业对外投资的特征、政治风险与应对策略
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摘要
经济全球化的趋势以及"一带一路"倡议促使我国企业对外投资增长迅速,2015年中国对外直接投资流量首次位列全球第二位,并首次成为资本净输出国。我国企业的对外投资在投资地域和投资行业方面呈现出广泛但分布相对集中的特点。另外,跨国并购成为我国企业对外投资的主要方式,地方企业在非金融类对外直接投资主体中所占比重较大。企业在"走出去"的过程中,面临着很大的政治风险,集中表现为政府干预,没收、征用和国有化,政府违约、政策变动风险,恐怖主义活动、内乱和战争,民族主义风险等。因此,政府应加强与其他国家和国际组织的沟通合作,建立政治风险评估体系,企业应参加政治风险保险制度,实施本土化经营,做好媒体公关,树立良好企业形象等。
The trend of economic globalization and the construction of "One Belt, One Road" have promoted the rapid growth of foreign investment by Chinese enterprises. In 2015, China's foreign direct investment flow ranked second in the world for the first time and became the net exporter of capital for the first time. The foreign investment by Chinese enterprises in the investment region and investment industry has been widely but relatively concentrated distributed. In addition, cross-border M&A has become the main way for Chinese enterprises to invest abroad. The proportion of local enterprises in non-financial foreign direct investment is higher. In the process of"going out", enterprises face great political risks, which are concentrated in government intervention, confiscation, expropriation and nationalization, government defaults, risk of policy changes, terrorist activities, civil strife and war, nationalist risks, etc. Therefore, Chinese government should strengthen communication and cooperation with other countries and international organizations to establish a political risk assessment system. Enterprises should participate in the political risk insurance system, implement localized operations, do a good job in media public relations, and establish a good corporate image.
The trend of economic globalization and the construction of "One Belt, One Road" have promoted the rapid growth of foreign investment by Chinese enterprises. In 2015, China's foreign direct investment flow ranked second in the world for the first time and became the net exporter of capital for the first time. The foreign investment by Chinese enterprises in the investment region and investment industry has been widely but relatively concentrated distributed. In addition, cross-border M&A has become the main way for Chinese enterprises to invest abroad. The proportion of local enterprises in non-financial foreign direct investment is higher. In the process of"going out", enterprises face great political risks, which are concentrated in government intervention, confiscation, expropriation and nationalization, government defaults, risk of policy changes, terrorist activities, civil strife and war, nationalist risks, etc. Therefore, Chinese government should strengthen communication and cooperation with other countries and international organizations to establish a political risk assessment system. Enterprises should participate in the political risk insurance system, implement localized operations, do a good job in media public relations, and establish a good corporate image.
引文
[1]2016年度中国对外直接投资统计公报[R].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
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[2]李雪松,彭哲远,等.我国对外直接投资的实施路径与制度保障[J].河南社会科学,2017(2):43-50.
[3]陈建奇.对外直接投资推动产业结构升级:赶超经济体的经验[J].当代经济科学,2014(6):71-77,124.
[4]王辉耀.中国企业国际化报告[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2016.
[5]Multinational Investment Guarantee Agency.2009World Investment and Political Risk[R].World Bank Group,2010.
[6]姚凯,张萍.中国企业对外投资的政治风险及量化评估模型[J].经济理论与经济管理,2012(5):103-111.
[7]张雨,戴翔.政治风险影响了我国企业“走出去”吗[J].国际经贸探索,2013(5):84-93.
[8]梁静波.中国企业海外投资的政治风险与对策[J]求实,2013(4):40-44.
[9]杜咏咏.中国企业对外直接投资政治风险控制研究[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2016.
[10]孟凡臣,蒋帆.中国对外直接投资政治风险量化评价研究[J].国际商务研究,2014(5):87-96.
[11]聂名华.中国企业对外直接投资风险分析[J].经济管理,2009(8):52-56.
[12]胡涤非.民族主义的概念及起源[J].山西师大学报(社会科学版),2005(1):6-10.
[13]李霞.中国对外投资的环境风险综述与对策建议[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(7):62-67.