家庭变迁与地方性家庭福利政策模式的转变
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摘要
中国的家庭变迁内嵌于社会转型。在复杂深刻的社会转型期,家庭面临着生育功能弱化、养老压力增大、稳定性下降、亲属互动关系减弱等诸多挑战。为了保障家庭发展,各地方政府出台了一系列与家庭有关的婚姻政策、生育政策、养育政策、养老政策、住房保障政策及家庭文明建设政策。但目前的地方家庭福利政策较为零散,且以补充性政策为主,弱化了保障家庭发展的效果。地方政府要以"支持和引导家庭发展"为目标,通过设立专司家庭事务的政府管理机构、启动家庭福利政策法案的立法计划、推行以家庭整体为政策对象的家庭福利政策体系、以提高家庭发展能力为政策导向、开展家庭视角下的公共政策评估等措施,实现地方性家庭福利政策模式的转变。
Family transition in China is embedded in social transformation. In the complicated and profound social transformation period, the families are faced with many challenges such as weak fertility,increased pressure on pensions, decreased stability and weak sib interaction. In order to secure family development, local governments have made a series of family-related policies, such as marriage policies,birth policies, parenting policies, pension policies, housing security policies, and family civilization construction policies, etc. However, the current local family welfare policy is relatively fragmented and is based on complementary policies, which weakens the effect of ensuring family development. Local governments should aim at ‘supporting and guiding family development' by taking measures, for example,establishing a government agency specializing in family affairs, launching a legislative plan for the family welfare policy act, implementing a family welfare policy system that targets the family as a whole,policy-oriented to improving family development ability, conducting public policy assessments from a family perspective, realize the shift of local family welfare policy model.
Family transition in China is embedded in social transformation. In the complicated and profound social transformation period, the families are faced with many challenges such as weak fertility,increased pressure on pensions, decreased stability and weak sib interaction. In order to secure family development, local governments have made a series of family-related policies, such as marriage policies,birth policies, parenting policies, pension policies, housing security policies, and family civilization construction policies, etc. However, the current local family welfare policy is relatively fragmented and is based on complementary policies, which weakens the effect of ensuring family development. Local governments should aim at ‘supporting and guiding family development' by taking measures, for example,establishing a government agency specializing in family affairs, launching a legislative plan for the family welfare policy act, implementing a family welfare policy system that targets the family as a whole,policy-oriented to improving family development ability, conducting public policy assessments from a family perspective, realize the shift of local family welfare policy model.
引文
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[4]上海社科院,市妇联.“上海年轻夫妇家庭育儿现状、需求及儿童社会福利政策建议”调查报告[R].2011:36.
[5]唐灿,张建.家庭问题与政府责任——促进家庭发展的国内外比较研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:86.
[6]邓志强、丁金宏、崔开昌.公共政策视域下青年婚姻匹配及其稳定性研究——基于上海市的调查分析[J].中国青年研究,2015(05):4-11.
[7]胡湛,彭希哲.家庭变迁背景下的中国家庭政策[J].人口研究,2012(2):3-10.
[8]杨琨.老年人的福利态度及影响因素[J].重庆社会科学,2015(3):1-69.
(1)为应对日益严峻的老龄化形势,“十一五”以来,上海市探索提出并发展完善了“9073”养老服务格局,即90%由家庭自我照顾,7%接受社区居家养老服务,3%入住机构养老。
[2]王跃生.中国当代家庭结构变动分析:立足于社会变革时代的农村[M].北京:中国社会科学文出版社,2009:122.
[3]国家统计局.2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201802/t20180228_1585631.html
[4]上海社科院,市妇联.“上海年轻夫妇家庭育儿现状、需求及儿童社会福利政策建议”调查报告[R].2011:36.
[5]唐灿,张建.家庭问题与政府责任——促进家庭发展的国内外比较研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:86.
[6]邓志强、丁金宏、崔开昌.公共政策视域下青年婚姻匹配及其稳定性研究——基于上海市的调查分析[J].中国青年研究,2015(05):4-11.
[7]胡湛,彭希哲.家庭变迁背景下的中国家庭政策[J].人口研究,2012(2):3-10.
[8]杨琨.老年人的福利态度及影响因素[J].重庆社会科学,2015(3):1-69.
(1)为应对日益严峻的老龄化形势,“十一五”以来,上海市探索提出并发展完善了“9073”养老服务格局,即90%由家庭自我照顾,7%接受社区居家养老服务,3%入住机构养老。