论心理救助与新时代“弱有所扶”
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摘要
作为社会救助体系的一个重要制度安排,心理救助具有降低因自然灾害、意外事故或精神障碍等因素引致心理型弱势群体的身心损害与社会风险的社会功能。实现新时代"弱有所扶"的战略目标,必须走出传统认识误区,将心理救助纳入社会救助体系之中,使其走向制度化建设的道路。这是因为,心理救助是新时代"弱有所扶"的助推器。当前心理救助的实践困境在于严重的"契合度偏差",具体表现在心理救助实施主体的"水乳分离"、心理救助实施对象的"过度药疗"和心理救助人才"象牙塔"式培养等三个方面。心理救助要走出"契合度偏差"的实践困境,就必须明确自己的行动目标取向,着力培育心理救助专业组织、提升心理救助专业服务水平、扭转心理救助人才培养方向、健全心理救助运行机制。
As an important institutional arrangement of the social assistance system,psychological assistance has the social function of reducing the physical and mental damage and social risks of the physiologically vulnerable groups caused by natural disasters,accidents or mental disorders. As the result of the psychological assistance is a booster of "support the weak"in the new era,we must get out of the traditional misunderstanding,bring phychological assistance into the social assistance system and make it go to the road of institutionalized construction for realizing the strategic goal of " support the weak" in the new age.At present,the practical predicament of psychological assistance is the serious "fit deviation",definitely which are embodied in that three phenomenons like the "water emulsion separation"of the subjects of psychological assistance,the "excessive medication"of the objects of psychological assistance,the"ivory tower"of supplying of the talents of psychological assistance.There is only way to get out of the practical predicament of " fit deviation" of psychological assistance is to focus on making our own action goal specifically,cultivating professional organizations of psychological assistance,improving the professional level of psychological assistance services,strengthening the training of psychological aid talents,and intensifing the construction of the psychological assistance mechanism.
As an important institutional arrangement of the social assistance system,psychological assistance has the social function of reducing the physical and mental damage and social risks of the physiologically vulnerable groups caused by natural disasters,accidents or mental disorders. As the result of the psychological assistance is a booster of "support the weak"in the new era,we must get out of the traditional misunderstanding,bring phychological assistance into the social assistance system and make it go to the road of institutionalized construction for realizing the strategic goal of " support the weak" in the new age.At present,the practical predicament of psychological assistance is the serious "fit deviation",definitely which are embodied in that three phenomenons like the "water emulsion separation"of the subjects of psychological assistance,the "excessive medication"of the objects of psychological assistance,the"ivory tower"of supplying of the talents of psychological assistance.There is only way to get out of the practical predicament of " fit deviation" of psychological assistance is to focus on making our own action goal specifically,cultivating professional organizations of psychological assistance,improving the professional level of psychological assistance services,strengthening the training of psychological aid talents,and intensifing the construction of the psychological assistance mechanism.
引文
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[3]陈成文.社会学视野中的社会弱者[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,1999(2):13-17.
[4]乐国安,卢俊,徐健美.西方心理表象技术研究的昨天、今天与明天[J].心理学探新,2017(2):99-105.
[5]简福平.新时代高校思想政治教育与心理疏导协同育人探析[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学),2018(8):134-138.
[6]陈成文.从“内卷化”看精准扶贫资源配置的矫正机制设计[J].贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2017(1):36-44.
[7]陈成文,李春根.论精准扶贫政策与农村贫困人口需求的契合度[J].山东社会科学,2017(3):42-48.
[8]陈成文,许一波.从构建和谐社会看建立新型农村社会救助体系[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2006(1):39-44.
[9]RONALD C.K,郭万军,曾卓谦,胡赤怡,等.世界精神卫生调查行动及其对中国精神障碍流行病学研究的提示[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2010(7):385-388.
[10]ROEHRIG,C.Mental disorders top the list of the most costly conditions in the United States:MYM201 Billion[J].Health Affairs,2016(6):1371-1377.
[11]心理健康也是一笔经济账[EB/OL].(2015-07-06).http:∥paper.people.com.cn/jksb/html/2015-07/06/content_1585450.htm.
[12]2017年4月例行新闻发布会材料:全国精神卫生工作进展情况[EB/OL].(2017-04-07).http:∥www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/s3574/201704/20cf8768e05445a387a1c4bf1be9ec6d.shtml.
[13]中国精神疾病发病率17.5%,专业医师仅3万[EB/OL].(2017-05-04).http:∥www.china.com.cn/guoqing/2017-05/04/content_40744090.htm.
[14]我还能做心理治疗吗?[N].民主与法制报,2012-11-12.
[15]魏淑华.社区心理健康服务的现状与发展策略---以山东省济南市为例[J].济南大学学报(社会科学版),2013(4):76-80.
[16]王本法.心理健康进社区的意义研究---一种构建和谐社会的路径探索[J].济南大学学报(社会科学版),2013(4):72-75.