基于信息可达性的智能变电站继电保护系统风险评估方法
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摘要
借助于有效的状态监测和故障诊断技术,智能变电站继电保护系统的各类故障可观,然而对于故障的风险尚缺乏有效的定量评估手段。构建智能变电站继电保护系统的网络拓扑,从信息在网络拓扑中传输的角度,用改进简化的可达矩阵算法分析信息在源宿之间的可达性。通过构建继电保护系统失效树,定性分析故障引起的不可达信息,判别其风险类型。最后综合考虑一次间隔重要度和继电保护故障严重度评估故障的风险。算例结果表明所提方法能有效分析继电保护故障带来的风险影响,并能合理区分不同故障的风险影响大小,验证了所提方法的有效性和必要性。
With high-speed information sharing and state monitoring technologies, faults of protection system in smart substation can be totally observed. However, there are limited effective methods that can be implemented to evaluate the risk of protection system faults. This paper illustrates the network topology model of protection system in smart substation, where the information transmits between devices. An optimized simple information reachability analysis algorithm is proposed to analyze whether information can reach its destination from source. Furthermore, a failure analysis tree of protection system is built to deduce risk types caused by the unreachable information. Lastly, a risk assessment method is proposed, taking importance of power equipment and risk type of secondary faults into consideration. Case study shows that the proposed algorithm and method can efficiently distinguish different faults and evaluate their risks. Therefore effectiveness and necessity of the proposed algorithm and method is verified.
With high-speed information sharing and state monitoring technologies, faults of protection system in smart substation can be totally observed. However, there are limited effective methods that can be implemented to evaluate the risk of protection system faults. This paper illustrates the network topology model of protection system in smart substation, where the information transmits between devices. An optimized simple information reachability analysis algorithm is proposed to analyze whether information can reach its destination from source. Furthermore, a failure analysis tree of protection system is built to deduce risk types caused by the unreachable information. Lastly, a risk assessment method is proposed, taking importance of power equipment and risk type of secondary faults into consideration. Case study shows that the proposed algorithm and method can efficiently distinguish different faults and evaluate their risks. Therefore effectiveness and necessity of the proposed algorithm and method is verified.
引文
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[13]郭丽娟,陶松梅,张炜.兼顾供电可靠性和LCC的变电站主设备检修策略优化方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(15):99-105.Guo Lijuan,Tao Songmei,Zhang Wei.Maintenance strategy optimization for main equipment in substations considering both power supply reliability and life cycle cost[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2016,40(15):99-105(in Chinese).
[14]黄明辉,蔡泽祥,曹建东,等.电力系统二次设备风险评估模型和方法[J].广东电力,2012,25(2):5-8.Huang Minghui,Cai Zexiang,Cao Jiandong,et al.Risk assessment model and method for secondary equipment in power system[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2012,25(2):5-8(in Chinese).
[15]黄曌,汪沨,谭阳红,等.基于健康度和重要度的配电网运行风险评估方法[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(6):136-141.Huang Zhao,Wang Feng,Tan Yanghong,et al.Operational risk assessment based on health and importance indexes for distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(6):136-141(in Chinese).
[16]张延旭,蔡泽祥,龙翩翩,等.智能变电站通信网络实时故障诊断模型与方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(6):1851-1857.Zhang Yanxu,Cai Zexiang,Long Pianpian,et al.Real-time fault diagnosing models and method for communication network in smart substation[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(6):1851-1857(in Chinese).
[17]张清华.图论及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[18]张振祥.关于矩阵乘法的一个算法的时间复杂度[J].数学研究与评论,1992(3):473-475.Zhang Zhenxiang.On the complexity of an algorithm for matrix multiplieations[J].Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition,1992(3):473-475(in Chinese).
[19]邹俊雄,黄成巧,张延旭,等.智能变电站通信网络虚拟局域网建模与优化配置方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(8):137-142.Zou Junxiong,Huang Chengqiao,Zhang Yanxu,et al.Modelling and optimization of VLAN for smart substation communication network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(8):137-142(in Chinese).
[20]田方媛.配电系统发展状况评估及故障诊断研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.
[2]张殷,肖先勇,陈晶,等.信息网受损对电网过载主导型连锁故障的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(13):14-21.Zhang Yin,Xiao Xianyong,Chen Jing,et al.Impact of information network damage on overload-based cascading failures of power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2017,41(13):14-21(in Chinese).
[3]汤奕,李峰,王琦,等.通信系统故障对电力系统实时负荷控制影响的量化评价方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(2):90-96.Tang Yi,Li Feng,Wang Qi,et al.Quantitative evaluation of communication system fault effect on real-time load control of power system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(2):90-96(in Chinese).
[4]Falahati B,Fu Y.Reliability assessment of smart grids considering indirect cyber-power interdependencies[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(4):1677-1685.
[5]Falahati B,Fu Y,Mousavi M J.Reliability modeling and evaluation of power systems with smart monitoring[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(2):1087-1095.
[6]郭嘉,韩宇奇,郭创新,等.考虑监视与控制功能的电网信息物理系统可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(8):2123-2130.Guo Jia,Han Yuqi,Guo Chuangxin,et al.Reliability assessment of cyber physical power system considering monitoring function and control function[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(8):2123-2130(in Chinese).
[7]俞斌,郭创新,王越,等.考虑信息系统作用的电力系统可靠性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(7):7-13.Yu Bin,Guo Chuangxin,Wang Yue,et al.Research on the reliability of the power system considering impacts of the information system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(7):7-13(in Chinese).
[8]龙翩翩,蔡泽祥,张延旭,等.智能变电站继电保护信息交互失效模型与薄弱环节分析[J].电力科学与技术学报,2017,32(1):29-36.Long Pianpian,Cai Zexiang,Zhang Yanxu,et al.Analysis of failure mode and weak points for relay protection information interaction in smart substation[J].Journal of Electric Power and Technology,2017,32(1):29-36(in Chinese).
[9]Liu X,Shahidehpour M,Cao Y,et al.Risk assessment in extreme events considering the reliability of protection systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(2):1073-1081.
[10]郭创新,陆海波,俞斌,等.电力二次系统安全风险评估研究综述[J].电网技术,2013,37(1):112-118.Guo Chuangxin,Lu Haibo,Yu Bin,et al.A survey of research on security risk assessment of secondary system[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(1):112-118(in Chinese).
[11]王勇,韩学山,丁颖,等.基于马尔科夫链的电力系统运行可靠性快速评估[J].电网技术,2013,37(2):405-410.Wang Yong,Han Xueshan,Ding Ying,et al.Markov chain-based rapid assessment on operational reliability of power grid[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(2):405-410(in Chinese).
[12]李明,韩学山,杨明,等.电网状态检修概念与理论基础研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(34):43-52.Li Ming,Han Xueshan,Yang Ming,et al.Basic concept and theoretical study of condition-based maintenance for power transmission system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(34):43-52(in Chinese).
[13]郭丽娟,陶松梅,张炜.兼顾供电可靠性和LCC的变电站主设备检修策略优化方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(15):99-105.Guo Lijuan,Tao Songmei,Zhang Wei.Maintenance strategy optimization for main equipment in substations considering both power supply reliability and life cycle cost[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2016,40(15):99-105(in Chinese).
[14]黄明辉,蔡泽祥,曹建东,等.电力系统二次设备风险评估模型和方法[J].广东电力,2012,25(2):5-8.Huang Minghui,Cai Zexiang,Cao Jiandong,et al.Risk assessment model and method for secondary equipment in power system[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2012,25(2):5-8(in Chinese).
[15]黄曌,汪沨,谭阳红,等.基于健康度和重要度的配电网运行风险评估方法[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(6):136-141.Huang Zhao,Wang Feng,Tan Yanghong,et al.Operational risk assessment based on health and importance indexes for distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(6):136-141(in Chinese).
[16]张延旭,蔡泽祥,龙翩翩,等.智能变电站通信网络实时故障诊断模型与方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(6):1851-1857.Zhang Yanxu,Cai Zexiang,Long Pianpian,et al.Real-time fault diagnosing models and method for communication network in smart substation[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(6):1851-1857(in Chinese).
[17]张清华.图论及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[18]张振祥.关于矩阵乘法的一个算法的时间复杂度[J].数学研究与评论,1992(3):473-475.Zhang Zhenxiang.On the complexity of an algorithm for matrix multiplieations[J].Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition,1992(3):473-475(in Chinese).
[19]邹俊雄,黄成巧,张延旭,等.智能变电站通信网络虚拟局域网建模与优化配置方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(8):137-142.Zou Junxiong,Huang Chengqiao,Zhang Yanxu,et al.Modelling and optimization of VLAN for smart substation communication network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(8):137-142(in Chinese).
[20]田方媛.配电系统发展状况评估及故障诊断研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.