含直流故障限流装置动作的直流电网故障电流计算方法
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摘要
模块化多电平换流器型柔性直流电网作为光伏和风电等新能源汇集的有效手段,其直流故障限流和故障线路的快速隔离具有重要意义。该文提出一种含限流器投切、断路器跳开和避雷器耗能过程的直流电网故障电流计算方法。首先,根据直流电网双极短路故障后电容快速放电机理,分析电感型故障限流器投入前后故障电流的变化情况。其次,考虑故障限流器投入过程与直流断路器的切断过程,并兼顾故障限流器和直流断路器中的金属氧化物避雷器(metal-oxide arrester,MOA)特性,提出一种包含6个子阶段的柔性直流电网故障电流计算方法。通过PSCAD/EMTDC电磁仿真平台验证该算法的准确性。
The modular multilevel converter(MMC) based bipolar HVDC grid is an effective option for the renewable energy sources integration such as wind and PV power, and thus the DC fault current-limiting and fast isolation of the fault branch have great importance to the HVDC transmission. This paper proposed DC fault current calculation method considering the prompt actions of fault current limiters(FCLs) and DC circuit breakers(DCCBs). First, based on the capacitor discharging mechanism of the bipolar HVDC grid under solid pole-to-pole short-circuit fault, the transient performance of the grid before and after the insertion of the inductive FCL was analyzed. Then, considering the action processes of the FCL and DCCB along with the energy consumption characteristics of the metal-oxide arrester(MOA), the HVDC gird fault current calculation method was proposed which includes six substages, then each stage can be accurately reproduced. The electromagnetic transient(EMT) simulations on PSCAD/EMTDC and the calculations on Matlab shows that the proposed calculation method is accurate and superior over the EMT simulation in terms of the computational efficiency.
The modular multilevel converter(MMC) based bipolar HVDC grid is an effective option for the renewable energy sources integration such as wind and PV power, and thus the DC fault current-limiting and fast isolation of the fault branch have great importance to the HVDC transmission. This paper proposed DC fault current calculation method considering the prompt actions of fault current limiters(FCLs) and DC circuit breakers(DCCBs). First, based on the capacitor discharging mechanism of the bipolar HVDC grid under solid pole-to-pole short-circuit fault, the transient performance of the grid before and after the insertion of the inductive FCL was analyzed. Then, considering the action processes of the FCL and DCCB along with the energy consumption characteristics of the metal-oxide arrester(MOA), the HVDC gird fault current calculation method was proposed which includes six substages, then each stage can be accurately reproduced. The electromagnetic transient(EMT) simulations on PSCAD/EMTDC and the calculations on Matlab shows that the proposed calculation method is accurate and superior over the EMT simulation in terms of the computational efficiency.
引文
[1]姚美齐,李乃湖.欧洲超级电网的发展及其解决方案[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):549-555.Yao Meiqi,Li Naihu.An introduction to European supergrid and its solutions[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):549-555(in Chinese).
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[10]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.多端VSC-HVDC直流线路故障限流及限流特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(19):5122-5133.Liu Jian,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju,et al.Fault current limitation and analysis of current limiting characteristic for multi-terminal VSC-HVDC DC lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(19):5122-5133(in Chinese).
[11]李帅,赵成勇,许建中,等.一种新型限流式高压直流断路器拓扑[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(17):102-110.Li Shuai,Zhao Chengyong,Xu Jianzhong,et al.A new topology for current-limiting HVDC circuit breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(17):102-110(in Chinese).
[12]李承昱,李帅,赵成勇,等.适用于直流电网的限流混合式直流断路器[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(24):7154-7162,7429.Li Chengyu,Li Shuai,Zhao Chengyong,et al.A novel topology of current-limiting hybrid DC circuit breaker for DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(24):7154-7162,7429(in Chinese).
[13]Li Rui,Xu Lie,Holliday D,et al.Continuous operation of radial multiterminal HVDC systems under DCfault[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(1):351-361.
[14]Li C,Zhao C,Xu J,et al.A pole-to-pole short-circuit fault current calculation method for DC grids[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2017,32(6),4943-4953.
[15]孙栩,曹士冬,卜广全,等.架空线柔性直流电网构建方案[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):678-682.Sun Xu,Cao Shidong,Bu Guangquan,et al.Construction scheme of overhead line flexible HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):678-682(in Chinese).
[16]Fereidouni A R,Vahidi B,Mehr T H.The Impact of Solid State Fault Current Limiter on Power Network With Wind-Turbine Power Generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(2):1188-1196.
[17]Font A,?lhan S,?zdemir A.Line surge arrester application for a 380 kV power transmission line[C]//IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application,Chengdu,China,2016.
[18]Liu G,Xu F,Xu Z,et al.Assembly HVDC breaker for HVDC grids with modular multilevel converters[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(2):931-941.
[19]Liu J,Tai N,Fan C,et al.A hybrid current-limiting circuit for DC line fault in multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5595-5607.
[2]姚良忠,吴婧,王志冰,等.未来高压直流电网发展形态分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(34):6007-6020.Yao Liangzhong,Wu Jing,Wang Zhibing,et al.Pattern analysis of future HVDC grid development[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(34):6007-6020(in Chinese).
[3]温家良,吴锐,彭畅,等.直流电网在中国的应用前景分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(13):7-12.Wen Jialiang,Wu Rui,Peng Chang,et al.Analysis of DCgrid prospects in China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(13):7-12(in Chinese).
[4]Asplund G,Lindén K,Barker C,et al.HVDC grid feasibility study[J].Electra,2013:50-59.
[5]汤广福,罗湘,魏晓光.多端直流输电与直流电网技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):8-17.Tang Guangfu,Luo Xiang,Wei Xiaoguang.Multiterminal HVDC and DC-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(10):8-17(in Chinese).
[6]汤广福,贺之渊,庞辉.柔性直流输电技术在全球能源互联网中的应用探讨[J].智能电网,2016,4(2):116-123.Tang Guangfu,He Zhiyuan,Pang Hui.Discussion on applying the VSC-HVDC technology in global energy interconnection[J].Smart Grid,2016,4(2):116-123(in Chinese).
[7]王姗姗,周孝信,汤广福,等.模块化多电平换流器HVDC直流双极短路子模块过电流分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(1):1-7.Wang Shanshan,Zhou Xiaoxin,Tang Guangfu,et al.Analysis of submodule overcurrent caused by DCpole-to-pole fault in modular multilevel converter HVDCsystem[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2011,31(1):1-7(in Chinese).
[8]李斌,何佳伟.多端柔性直流电网故障隔离技术研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):87-95.Li Bin,He Jiawei.Research on the DC fault isolating technique in multi-terminal DC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):87-95(in Chinese).
[9]Jeremy Sneath,Rajapakse A D.Fault detection and interruption in an earthed HVDC grid using ROCOV and hybrid DC breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):973-981.
[10]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.多端VSC-HVDC直流线路故障限流及限流特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(19):5122-5133.Liu Jian,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju,et al.Fault current limitation and analysis of current limiting characteristic for multi-terminal VSC-HVDC DC lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(19):5122-5133(in Chinese).
[11]李帅,赵成勇,许建中,等.一种新型限流式高压直流断路器拓扑[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(17):102-110.Li Shuai,Zhao Chengyong,Xu Jianzhong,et al.A new topology for current-limiting HVDC circuit breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(17):102-110(in Chinese).
[12]李承昱,李帅,赵成勇,等.适用于直流电网的限流混合式直流断路器[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(24):7154-7162,7429.Li Chengyu,Li Shuai,Zhao Chengyong,et al.A novel topology of current-limiting hybrid DC circuit breaker for DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(24):7154-7162,7429(in Chinese).
[13]Li Rui,Xu Lie,Holliday D,et al.Continuous operation of radial multiterminal HVDC systems under DCfault[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(1):351-361.
[14]Li C,Zhao C,Xu J,et al.A pole-to-pole short-circuit fault current calculation method for DC grids[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2017,32(6),4943-4953.
[15]孙栩,曹士冬,卜广全,等.架空线柔性直流电网构建方案[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):678-682.Sun Xu,Cao Shidong,Bu Guangquan,et al.Construction scheme of overhead line flexible HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):678-682(in Chinese).
[16]Fereidouni A R,Vahidi B,Mehr T H.The Impact of Solid State Fault Current Limiter on Power Network With Wind-Turbine Power Generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(2):1188-1196.
[17]Font A,?lhan S,?zdemir A.Line surge arrester application for a 380 kV power transmission line[C]//IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application,Chengdu,China,2016.
[18]Liu G,Xu F,Xu Z,et al.Assembly HVDC breaker for HVDC grids with modular multilevel converters[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(2):931-941.
[19]Liu J,Tai N,Fan C,et al.A hybrid current-limiting circuit for DC line fault in multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5595-5607.