我国典型气候环境下塑料老化严酷度表征模型研究
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摘要
太阳辐照、温度、湿度是影响塑料老化的最主要的环境因素。基于以上的三种环境因素,分别建立模型进行量化分析,形成环境条件对塑料老化的严酷度表征模型。应用模型可以通过两个地点的环境条件推测塑料在两地老化的严酷度,并进行比较。通过开展高分子参考材料(聚苯乙烯和聚碳酸酯)在我国典型气候环境的自然老化试验,采用塑料老化过程的光学性能数据对严酷度模型进行验证,表明严酷度模型能够反应塑料在我国典型气候的老化严酷度。
Solar irradiance, temperature and humidity are the major environmental factors that influenced the plastic aging. Based on these three factors, we respectively established models to conduct quantitative analysis, achieving the severity model of plastic aging. The plastic aging severities in two different places can be determined and compared by the severity model using environmental factors of these two places. Through conducting the natural weathering tests of reference polymer materials(Polystyrene and Polycarbonate) under typical environments in domestic, the severity model is verified by optical performances data obtained during plastic aging process. The results showed the severity model can be used to measure the plastic aging in Chinese typical environments.
Solar irradiance, temperature and humidity are the major environmental factors that influenced the plastic aging. Based on these three factors, we respectively established models to conduct quantitative analysis, achieving the severity model of plastic aging. The plastic aging severities in two different places can be determined and compared by the severity model using environmental factors of these two places. Through conducting the natural weathering tests of reference polymer materials(Polystyrene and Polycarbonate) under typical environments in domestic, the severity model is verified by optical performances data obtained during plastic aging process. The results showed the severity model can be used to measure the plastic aging in Chinese typical environments.
引文
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[2]PICKETT J E,GARDNER M M,GIBSON D A.,et al.Global Weathering of Aromatic Engineering Thermoplastics[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,2005,90(3):405-417
[3]KETOLA W D.Laboratory-Accelerated Versus Outdoor Weathering for Retroreflective Sheeting Specifications[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,1999,1657(1):63-70.
[4]PICKETT J E,SARGENT J R.Sample Temperatures During Outdoor and Laboratory Weathering Exposures[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,2009,94(2):189-195.
[5]DUMBLETON D,HAILLANT O.Environmental Durability of PV Modules-A Model for Accelerated Testing[J].Photovoltaic Specialists Conference,2011:000091-000095.
[6]刘奎芳,陈洁,尹雪渊,等.塑料在湿热、亚湿热和高海拔地区自然大气暴露与人工模拟加速试验相关性的初步探讨[J].中美材料环境腐蚀与老化试验学术研讨会,2002.
[7]DUMBLETON D,SLOMKO R.Modeling in Support of Methods of Module Testing for Long Term Environmental Durability[J].Photovoltaic Specialists Conference,2013,2(1):1546-1547.
[8]HORNER R S,KEM J E,PANDICH T.Life Expectancy of Retroreflective Sheeting for Road Signs in Various Conditions of Natural and Artificial Weathering[J].Australian Road Research Board Conference,1990,15.
[9]WHITE C C,TAN K T,HUNSTON D L,et al.Progress in the Development of a Method to Predict Sealant Modulus Change Due to Outdoor Weathering[J].Astm International,2015.
[10]FISCHER R M,MURRAY W P,KETOLA W D.Thermal Variability in Outdoor Exposure Tests[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,1991,19(2):151-163.
[11]FISCHER R M.Accelerated Weathering Test Development With Fluorescent UV-Condensation Devices[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,1991,19(2):151-163.
[12]FISCHER R M,KETOLA W D,MURRAY W P.Inherent Variability in Accelerated Weathering Devices[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,1991,19(2):165-179.
[13]胡利芬,陶友季,马坚,等.不同聚丙烯在典型自然条件下的老化行为研究[J].塑料工业,2012,40(12):88-92.
[14]PICKETT J E.Reversible Post-exposure Yellowing of Weathered Polymers[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2004,85(1):681-687.
[15]LI Jifang,YANG Rui,YU Jian,et al.Natural Photo-aging Degradation of Polypropylene Nanocomposites[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,2008,93(1):84-89.
[16]刘鑫,揭敢新,陶友季,等.自然环境老化对聚苯乙烯表观性能和形态的影响[J].塑料工业,2013,41(01):83-86.
[17]PERN F J,CZANDERNA A W,EMERY K A,et al.Weathering Degradation of EVA Encapsulant and the Effect of Its Yellowing on Solar Cell Efficiency[J].IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference,1991,1:557-561
[18]PICKETT J E,UMAMAHESWARAN V.Highly Predictive Accelerated Weathering of Engineering Thermoplastics[J].SAE Technical Papers,2003-01-1192.
[19]刘鑫,陶友季.湿度对高分子材料机械性能的影响[J].广州化工,2012,40(23):29-30.
[20]揭敢新,郭燕芬,陶友季,等.湿热、干热自然老化中水分对聚碳酸酯老化行为的影响[J].塑料,2014,43(01):71-74.
[21]PICKETT J E,GIBSON D A,RICE S T,et al.Effects of Temperature on the Weathering of Engineering Thermoplastics[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,2008,93(3):684-691.
[22]JAKUBOWICZ I.Effects of Artificial and Natural Aging on Impact-modified poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)[J].Polymer Testing,2001,20(5):545-551.
[23]Li Jian,Zhou Dafei,Zhao Deren.The Photo-degradation of PVC:Part I-Photo-degradation in Air and Nitrogen[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,1990,30(3):335-343.
[24]SHIODA T,MARUKO N,SUZUKI A,et al.UV-Accelerated Test Based on Analysis of Field Exposed PV Modules[J].26th EU-PVSEC Conference,2011:3665-3668.
[25]KOHL M,JORGENSEN G,BRUNOLD S,et al.Durability of Polymeric Glazing Materials for Solar Applications.Solar Energy,2005,79(6):618-623.
[26]CRUZ-PINTO J J,CARVALHO M E S.,FERREIRA J F A.The Kinetics and Mechanism of Polyethylene Photo-oxidation[J].Angew.Makromol.Chem.1994,216(1):113-133.
[27]FISCHER R M,KETOLA W D.Error Analysis and Associated Risks for Accelerated Weathering Results.In:Ryntz R A,Martin J W,Dickie R A.Service life prediction:challenging the status quo[M].Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology,2005:79-92.