考虑虚拟电厂参与的售电公司双层优化调度模型
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摘要
虚拟电厂(virtualpowerplant,VPP)技术的发展,使得售电公司规模化利用分布式电源和可控负荷参与市场交易成为可能。针对VPP参与的售电公司运营体系的特点,建立了配网-VPP双层优化调度模型。配网层制定VPP调度计划,优化售电公司运营收益;VPP层采用两阶段优化方法,协调内部各种资源的最优分配,使综合效益最大化,并通过将机会约束转化为确定性二阶锥形式描述光伏及可控负荷用户违约的不确定性。2层优化之间通过参数传递更新运行状态并交替求解,最终得出整体最优方案。分别采用NSGA-II算法和yalmip/Gurobi对2层优化问题进行求解。基于改进的IEEE33节点配电系统算例表明,所提售电公司双层优化模型通过对VPP的合理调度,能够在保证VPP综合效益和所辖配网安全运行的情况下,实现售电公司利润最大化。
Development of virtual power plant(VPP) technology makes it possible for electricity retailers to participate in market transactions bound with distributed electric resource and dispatchable loads. Aiming at operating system characteristics of electricity retailers integrated with VPPs, in this paper, a bi-level optimization model is established, containing distribution grid level and VPP level. Dispatching scheme of VPPs is obtained while optimizing operation profits of electricity retailers in distribution grid level. And optimal allocation of resources is coordinated while optimizing comprehensive benefits with a two-stage optimization method, and uncertainty of photovoltaic and demand response resource's breach are taken into account by transforming chance constraints into deterministic form of second-order cones. The two levels are solved in turn by updating operational state via parameter passing, and an overall optimization is obtained at last. NSGA-II algorithm and Yalmip/Gurobi are used to solve the two levels respectively. A test case based on modified IEEE33 system shows that optimal scheduling of VPPs can maximize electricity retailers' operation profit while ensuring comprehensive benefits of VPPs and safety of distribution grid.
Development of virtual power plant(VPP) technology makes it possible for electricity retailers to participate in market transactions bound with distributed electric resource and dispatchable loads. Aiming at operating system characteristics of electricity retailers integrated with VPPs, in this paper, a bi-level optimization model is established, containing distribution grid level and VPP level. Dispatching scheme of VPPs is obtained while optimizing operation profits of electricity retailers in distribution grid level. And optimal allocation of resources is coordinated while optimizing comprehensive benefits with a two-stage optimization method, and uncertainty of photovoltaic and demand response resource's breach are taken into account by transforming chance constraints into deterministic form of second-order cones. The two levels are solved in turn by updating operational state via parameter passing, and an overall optimization is obtained at last. NSGA-II algorithm and Yalmip/Gurobi are used to solve the two levels respectively. A test case based on modified IEEE33 system shows that optimal scheduling of VPPs can maximize electricity retailers' operation profit while ensuring comprehensive benefits of VPPs and safety of distribution grid.
引文
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[15]谢敏,吉祥,柯少佳,等.基于目标级联分析法的多微网主动配电系统自治优化经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(17):4911-4921,5210.Xie Min,Ji Xiang,Ke Shaojia,et al.Autonomous optimized economic dispatch of active distribution power system with multimicrogrids based on analytical target cascading theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(17):4911-4921,5210(in Chinese).
[16]庞碧君.线性规划与随机线性规划[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2009:134-136.
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[18]朱兆霞,邹斌.PJM日前市场电价的统计分析[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(23):53-57.Zhu Zhaoxia,Zou Bin.Statistical analysis of day-ahead prices in PJMmarket[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2006,30(23):53-57(in Chinese).
[2]郭曼兰,陈皓勇,张聪,等.偏差电量考核机制下售电公司的最优经营策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(20):17-25.Guo Manlan,Chen Haoyong,Zhang Cong,et al.Optimal marketing strategy of retailers under energy deviation penalty[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(20):17-25(in Chinese).
[3]顾伟,任佳依,高君,等.含分布式电源和可调负荷的售电公司优化调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):37-44.Gu Wei,Ren Jiayi,Gao Jun,et al.Optimal dispatching model of electricity retailers considering distributed and adjusted load[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(14):37-44(in Chinese).
[4]杨萌,艾欣,唐亮,等.计及风险规避的售电公司平衡市场优化交易策略研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3300-3308.Yang Meng,Ai Xin,Tang Liang,et al.Optimal trading strategy in balancing market for electricity retailer considering risk aversion[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3300-3308(in Chinese).
[5]张开宇,宋依群,严正.考虑用户违约可能的负荷聚合商储能配置策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):127-133.Zhang Kaiyu,Song Yiqun,Yan Zheng.Energy storage capacity optimization for load aggregators considering probability of demand response resources’breach[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):127-133(in Chinese).
[6]孙国强,袁智,耿天翔,等.含电动汽车的虚拟电厂鲁棒随机优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(6):44-50,79.Sun Guoqiang,Yuan Zhi,Geng Tianxiang,et al.Robust stochastic optimal dispatching of virtual power plant containing plug-in electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(6):44-50,79(in Chinese).
[7]Mashhour E,Elaheh,Moghaddas S M.A review on operation of microgrids and virtual power plants in the power markets[C]//The 2nd International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology.Accra,Ghana:The 2nd International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology,2009:273-277.
[8]尹龙,刘继春,高红均,等.考虑多种用户价格机制下的综合型能源售电公司购电竞价策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(1):88-97.Yin Long,Liu Jichun,Gao Hongjun,et al.Study on the bidding strategy of comprehensive energy power retailer under the various user-price mechanisms[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(1):88-97(in Chinese).
[9]邹鹏,李春晖,郭静,等.考虑可中断负荷的配售电公司最优购售电策略[J].南方电网技术,2017,11(2):71-77.Zou Peng,Li Chunhui,Guo Jing,et al.Optimal marketing strategy of distribution and retail companies considering interruptible load[J].Southern Power System Technology,2017,11(2):71-77(in Chinese).
[10]任艺,周明,李庚银.考虑用户需求响应的售电公司购售电决策双层模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):30-36.Ren Yi,Zhou Ming,Li Gengyin.Bi-level model of electricity procurement and sale strategies for electricity retailers considering users’demand response[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(14):30-36(in Chinese).
[11]黄康任.电力体制改革背景下售电主体竞争策略研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.
[12]国务院.国发[2002]5号,关于印发电力体制改革方案的通知[S].北京:国务院,2002.
[13]张涛,章佳莹,王凌云,等.计及用户电价响应的微网和配电网联合调度运行模型[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(5):177-183.Zhang Tao,Zhang Jiaying,Wang Lingyun,et al.Joint dispatch operation model of microgrid and distribution network considering user response to electricity price[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(5):177-183(in Chinese).
[14]郭帅,刘鲁嘉,杨萌,等.计及可控负荷的微网自治调度模型[J].电网技术,2017,41(1):48-54.Guo Shuai,Liu Lujia,Yang Meng,et al.Autonomous scheduling model for microgrid considering controllable loads[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(1):48-54(in Chinese).
[15]谢敏,吉祥,柯少佳,等.基于目标级联分析法的多微网主动配电系统自治优化经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(17):4911-4921,5210.Xie Min,Ji Xiang,Ke Shaojia,et al.Autonomous optimized economic dispatch of active distribution power system with multimicrogrids based on analytical target cascading theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(17):4911-4921,5210(in Chinese).
[16]庞碧君.线性规划与随机线性规划[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2009:134-136.
[17]高红均,刘俊勇,沈晓东,等.主动配电网最优潮流研究及其应用实例[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(6):1634-1645.Gao Hongjun,Liu Junyong,Shen Xiaodong,et al.Optimal power flow research in active distribution network and its application examples[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(6):1634-1645(in Chinese).
[18]朱兆霞,邹斌.PJM日前市场电价的统计分析[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(23):53-57.Zhu Zhaoxia,Zou Bin.Statistical analysis of day-ahead prices in PJMmarket[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2006,30(23):53-57(in Chinese).