新工业革命驱动下的浙江大学工程教育改革实践
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摘要
全球科技创新进入空前密集活跃的时期,新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在重构全球创新版图。自然科学、技术科学和人文社会科学之间日益呈现交叉融合趋势,信息、生命、制造、能源、空间、海洋等前沿技术、颠覆性技术的突破对培育"新一代"工程科技人才提出了更高的要求和挑战。首先,本文翔实分析了我国工程教育改革发展现状与存在问题;其次,从顶层设计优化学科生态布局、学科交叉催生复合新兴学科、多元贯通加速升级传统学科、融合"四课"建构全过程创新创业系统等四个维度出发,系统阐述了浙江大学"新工科"教育改革的基本理念、模式探索与实施路径;最后,本文对探索性建构新时代中国特色的工程教育体系提出了系列性对策建议。
The innovation of science and technology is experiencing an unprecedented rapid development worldwide,and the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is repainting the global innovation map.Natural science,technological science,humanities and social science are gradually integrating with each other,and the breakthroughs of cutting-edge technologies in some fields,such as information,manufacturing,energy,aerospace and ocean,have brought new requirements and challenges to engineering education.This paper firstly analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the engineering education reform in China.Then,from four dimensions,including top-level design,discipline integration,pluralistic connectivity and the system of innovation and entrepreneurship,this paper systematically elaborates on the philosophy,mode and implementation path of the reform of emerging engineering education in Zhejiang University.Finally,some suggestions are put forward for the construction of engineering education with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
The innovation of science and technology is experiencing an unprecedented rapid development worldwide,and the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is repainting the global innovation map.Natural science,technological science,humanities and social science are gradually integrating with each other,and the breakthroughs of cutting-edge technologies in some fields,such as information,manufacturing,energy,aerospace and ocean,have brought new requirements and challenges to engineering education.This paper firstly analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the engineering education reform in China.Then,from four dimensions,including top-level design,discipline integration,pluralistic connectivity and the system of innovation and entrepreneurship,this paper systematically elaborates on the philosophy,mode and implementation path of the reform of emerging engineering education in Zhejiang University.Finally,some suggestions are put forward for the construction of engineering education with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
引文
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(1)http:∥www.betteredu.net/rankings/usnews/global-universities/engineering/2019.html
(2)http:∥goabroad.xdf.cn/201811/10830583.html.
[2]付丽丽,张盖伦.中兴的“芯”病,中国的心病[N].科技日报,2018-04-20.
[3]瞿剑.是什么卡了我们的脖子——“命门火衰”,重型燃气轮机的叶片之殇[N].科技日报,2018-05-09.
[4]高博.没有这些诀窍,我们够不着高端电容电阻[N].科技日报,2018-05-14.
[5]高博.数据库管理系统:中国还在寻找“正确打开方式”[N].2018-07-30.
[6]李拓宇,李飞,陆国栋.面向“中国制造2025”的工程科技人才培养质量提升路径探析[J].高等工程教育研究,2015(6):17-23.
[7]TERRY S REYNOLDS,BRUCE E,SEELY.Striving for Balance:A Hundred Years of the American Society for Engineering Education[J].Journal of Engineering Education,1993,82(3):136-151.
[8]徐晓飞,丁效华.面向可持续竞争力的新工科人才培养模式改革探索[J].中国大学教学,2017(6):6-10.
[9]吴爱华,等.加快发展和建设新工科主动适应和引领新经济[J].高等工程教育研究,2017(1):1-9.
[10]王德明.“新工科”建设与煤炭行业院校教育——本刊专访著名煤炭科学家王德明教授[J].煤炭高等教育,2017(3):1-3.
[11]林健.新工科建设:强势打造“卓越计划”升级版[J].高等工程教育研究,2017(3):7-14.
[12]李拓宇,施锦诚.新工科文献回顾与展望:基于“五何”分析框架[J].高等工程教育研究,2018(4):29-39.
[13]王沛民.中国工程教育研究(EER):式微与复兴[J].高等工程教育研究,2013(6):13-21.
(1)http:∥www.betteredu.net/rankings/usnews/global-universities/engineering/2019.html
(2)http:∥goabroad.xdf.cn/201811/10830583.html.