不确定性对城乡家庭教育支出倾向的影响研究
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摘要
教育支出具有消费属性和投资属性。本文建立了一个基于家庭效用最大化的教育支出微观选择模型,采用类似于消费倾向的教育支出倾向来度量教育支出意愿。研究发现:居民家庭收入的不确定性与投资教育收益的不确定性会对教育支出倾向产生重要的负向调节作用,较贫困的农村居民及西部地区居民的教育支出意愿更容易受教育收益和收入不确定性的影响。因此,国家应当采取更积极的措施,提高居民教育收益和收入的稳定性,对弱势地区和群体进行教育补偿,以提高其家庭教育支出的意愿。
Education expenditure possesses qualities of both consumption and investment. Based on household's utility maximizing behavior, this paper establishes a micro-choice model of education spending, and applies propensity for education spending, similar to propensity for consumption, to measure educational spending willingness. The findings show that:(1)the uncertainty of household income and the uncertainty of return to education both have a negative impact on propensity for education spending;(2)the educational spending willingness of the poorer rural and western residents is more vulnerable to the negative impact of the uncertainty of educational return and household income. Therefore, our government should take more positive measures to improve the stability of household income and educational return, and provide the disadvantaged groups and areas with educational compensation, in order to enhance residents' willingness for education expenditure.
Education expenditure possesses qualities of both consumption and investment. Based on household's utility maximizing behavior, this paper establishes a micro-choice model of education spending, and applies propensity for education spending, similar to propensity for consumption, to measure educational spending willingness. The findings show that:(1)the uncertainty of household income and the uncertainty of return to education both have a negative impact on propensity for education spending;(2)the educational spending willingness of the poorer rural and western residents is more vulnerable to the negative impact of the uncertainty of educational return and household income. Therefore, our government should take more positive measures to improve the stability of household income and educational return, and provide the disadvantaged groups and areas with educational compensation, in order to enhance residents' willingness for education expenditure.
引文
[1]沈亚芳,沈百福.我国农村居民教育支出倾向变化及其解释[J].教育发展研究,2012(3):70-75.
[2]SCHULTZ T W.Capital Formation by Educatinn[J].Journal of Political Economy,1960,68(12):571-583.
[3]AZARDIS C,DRAZEN A.Threshold Externalities in Economic Development[J].Quarterly Journal of economics,1990,105(2):501-526.
[4]魏新,邱黎强.中国城镇居民家庭收入及教育支出负担率研究[J].教育与经济,1998(4):1-10.
[5]涂瑞珍,林荣日.上海城乡居民家庭教育支出及教育负担状况的调查分析[J].教育发展研究,2009(11):21-25.
[6]刘维奇,靳共元.我国教育消费结构失衡研究:收入分配视角的考察[J].工业技术经济,2006(7):114-116.
[7]冷小黑,张小迎.农户家庭高等教育投资意愿影响因素分析[J].宜春学院学报,2010(2):47-48.
[8]孙志军,杜育红.农村居民的教育水平及其对收入的影响——来自内蒙古赤峰市的证据[J].教育与经济,2004(1):24-29.
[9]丁小浩.居民家庭高等教育开支及其挤占效应研究[J].北京大学教育评论,2003(1):95-98.
[10]LEVHARI D,WEISS Y.The effect of risk on the investment in human capital[J].The American Economic Review,1974,64(5):950-963.
[11]CAMPBELL J Y,DEATON A.Why Is Consumption So Smooth?[J].Review of Economic Studies,1989,56:357-374.
[12]李通屏.家庭人力资本投资的城乡差异分析[J].社会,2002(3):11-14.
[13]马晓强,丁小浩.我国城镇居民个人教育投资风险的实证研究[J].教育研究,2005(4):25-31.
1按照国家统计局的划分方式,东部省份包括北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、广西、海南十二省份,中部省份包括湖北、湖南、安徽、江西、山西、内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江八个省份,西部省份包括重庆、四川、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆十一个省份。
[2]SCHULTZ T W.Capital Formation by Educatinn[J].Journal of Political Economy,1960,68(12):571-583.
[3]AZARDIS C,DRAZEN A.Threshold Externalities in Economic Development[J].Quarterly Journal of economics,1990,105(2):501-526.
[4]魏新,邱黎强.中国城镇居民家庭收入及教育支出负担率研究[J].教育与经济,1998(4):1-10.
[5]涂瑞珍,林荣日.上海城乡居民家庭教育支出及教育负担状况的调查分析[J].教育发展研究,2009(11):21-25.
[6]刘维奇,靳共元.我国教育消费结构失衡研究:收入分配视角的考察[J].工业技术经济,2006(7):114-116.
[7]冷小黑,张小迎.农户家庭高等教育投资意愿影响因素分析[J].宜春学院学报,2010(2):47-48.
[8]孙志军,杜育红.农村居民的教育水平及其对收入的影响——来自内蒙古赤峰市的证据[J].教育与经济,2004(1):24-29.
[9]丁小浩.居民家庭高等教育开支及其挤占效应研究[J].北京大学教育评论,2003(1):95-98.
[10]LEVHARI D,WEISS Y.The effect of risk on the investment in human capital[J].The American Economic Review,1974,64(5):950-963.
[11]CAMPBELL J Y,DEATON A.Why Is Consumption So Smooth?[J].Review of Economic Studies,1989,56:357-374.
[12]李通屏.家庭人力资本投资的城乡差异分析[J].社会,2002(3):11-14.
[13]马晓强,丁小浩.我国城镇居民个人教育投资风险的实证研究[J].教育研究,2005(4):25-31.
1按照国家统计局的划分方式,东部省份包括北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、广西、海南十二省份,中部省份包括湖北、湖南、安徽、江西、山西、内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江八个省份,西部省份包括重庆、四川、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆十一个省份。