高校创新创业教育的价值定位、现实困境及策略选择
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摘要
"大众创业、万众创新"是国家基于转型发展需要提出的重大战略,旨在优化创新创业环境,激发人民群众的无穷智慧与创造潜力。高校作为国家创新的重要发源地,在"双创"中也是大有所为的。创新创业教育便是在"双创"背景下应运而生的一种教育理念与模式。高校创新创业教育作为一种教育形式,具有与之相应的教育内涵、教育目的、教育内容、教育评价。在创新创业教育实际开展中,很多高校面临诸如教育内涵认识偏差化、教育目的定位功利化、教育基础师资薄弱化、教育内容呈现单一化、教育评价执行形式化等问题,严重影响了创新创业教育对于大学生创业技能、创业情感、创新精神的培育与引导,制约了创新创业教育对于大学人才培养模式改革的示范与引领。从创新人才培养角度出发,从破解大学生当下就业难角度考虑,建立行之有效的高校创新创业体系尤为必要。高校需要进行深入的创新创业普及教育,实现正确引导;促进"双创"教育与专业教育融合,实现共享共建;改变创新创业教育的内容呈现,实现多元多样;落实"理论+实践"双重评价制度,实现良性循环;确保创新创业教育目标的落实落地。
"Public entrepreneurship and innovation", which is based on the needs for transformation and development, is a major strategy proposed by the country. It aims to optimize the environment for innovation and entrepreneurship and stimulate the people's infinite wisdom and creative potential. As an important source of national innovation, colleges and universities also have great significance in "double creation". Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a kind of educational idea and mode, which emerges under the background of "double creation". As a form of education, the innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities has its own corresponding educational connotation, educational aim, educational content and educational evaluation. However, over the course of actual practicing the innovation and entrepreneurship education, many colleges and universities are confronted with such problems as the deviation of educational connotation, the utilitarianization of educational purpose, the weakening of basic education teachers, the simplification of educational content, and the formalization of educational evaluation. All of these exert a seriously adversary effect on the innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students' cultivation and guidance in entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial emotion. Not only that, they also restrict the role of the demonstration and guidance played by the innovation and entrepreneurship education in the reform of university talent training mode. From the perspective of cultivating innovative talents and solving the problems of college students' current employment difficulties, it is especially necessary to establish an effective system of innovation and entrepreneurship in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities need to carry out the in-depth innovation and entrepreneurship education and popularize it, achieving the correct guidance; promote the integration of"double creation" education and professional education, realizing sharing and co-construction; change the content of innovation and entrepreneurship education, realizing the multi-diversity; implement the double evaluation system of "theory + practice", realizing a virtuous circle; ensure the implementation of the goals of the innovation and entrepreneurship education.
"Public entrepreneurship and innovation", which is based on the needs for transformation and development, is a major strategy proposed by the country. It aims to optimize the environment for innovation and entrepreneurship and stimulate the people's infinite wisdom and creative potential. As an important source of national innovation, colleges and universities also have great significance in "double creation". Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a kind of educational idea and mode, which emerges under the background of "double creation". As a form of education, the innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities has its own corresponding educational connotation, educational aim, educational content and educational evaluation. However, over the course of actual practicing the innovation and entrepreneurship education, many colleges and universities are confronted with such problems as the deviation of educational connotation, the utilitarianization of educational purpose, the weakening of basic education teachers, the simplification of educational content, and the formalization of educational evaluation. All of these exert a seriously adversary effect on the innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students' cultivation and guidance in entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial emotion. Not only that, they also restrict the role of the demonstration and guidance played by the innovation and entrepreneurship education in the reform of university talent training mode. From the perspective of cultivating innovative talents and solving the problems of college students' current employment difficulties, it is especially necessary to establish an effective system of innovation and entrepreneurship in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities need to carry out the in-depth innovation and entrepreneurship education and popularize it, achieving the correct guidance; promote the integration of"double creation" education and professional education, realizing sharing and co-construction; change the content of innovation and entrepreneurship education, realizing the multi-diversity; implement the double evaluation system of "theory + practice", realizing a virtuous circle; ensure the implementation of the goals of the innovation and entrepreneurship education.
引文
[1]陈媛.创新创业教育的影响因素与运行机制[J].中国高校科技,2018(9):90-92.
[2]杜建群,杜尚荣.大学生创新创业课程的价值取向与目标定位[J].教育研究,2018(5):63-66.
[3]王永友,张学亮.对高校创新创业教育进行正确的价值引领[J].中国高等教育,2017(23):34-36.
[4]哈艳,高向杰.高校创新创业教育研究[J].河北大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2014(6):148-150.
[5]胡华中.基于实践导向的大学生创新创业教育模式[J].教育与职业,2018(18):85-88.
[6]张显悦,郗婷婷.应用型人才培养高校创新创业教育的实践路径[J].黑龙江高教研究,2015(1):147-149.
[7]郑俐.基于SYB模式探究高校创新创业教育改革[J].现代教育管理,2018(9):51-55.
[8]朱凯琳,谢妮.创新创业教育与高等教育:从无涉到深耕[J].教育学术月刊,2017(11):97-105.
[2]杜建群,杜尚荣.大学生创新创业课程的价值取向与目标定位[J].教育研究,2018(5):63-66.
[3]王永友,张学亮.对高校创新创业教育进行正确的价值引领[J].中国高等教育,2017(23):34-36.
[4]哈艳,高向杰.高校创新创业教育研究[J].河北大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2014(6):148-150.
[5]胡华中.基于实践导向的大学生创新创业教育模式[J].教育与职业,2018(18):85-88.
[6]张显悦,郗婷婷.应用型人才培养高校创新创业教育的实践路径[J].黑龙江高教研究,2015(1):147-149.
[7]郑俐.基于SYB模式探究高校创新创业教育改革[J].现代教育管理,2018(9):51-55.
[8]朱凯琳,谢妮.创新创业教育与高等教育:从无涉到深耕[J].教育学术月刊,2017(11):97-105.