摘要
第三人胁迫而订立的合同,因表意人是受胁迫而为之意思表示,有违合同自由原则,其效力当然受到影响。此处的"第三人"应当受到一定的限制,非所有第三人均可。其效力集中体现为受胁迫人(表意人)与相对人之间利益的冲突。通过比较研究的方法可得知,现存有两种关于第三人胁迫合同效力的立法模式:静态安全保护主义立法模式与动态安全保护主义立法模式。并进一步对我国《民法总则》第150条之规定进行评价,认为《民法总则》第150条中采取了静态安全绝对保护主义之立法模式,其弥补了我国第三人胁迫制度之空白,但并未对满足一定条件的善意相对人的信赖利益予以适当的保护,进而指出静态安全相对保护主义之立法模式更适合我国。
A contract entered into under duress by a third party is, of course, affected in its validity because the implied parties express their intention under duress, which is contrary to the principle of freedom of contract. The "third party" here shall be limited to a certain extent, not all third parties. Its effectiveness is mainly reflected in the conflict of interests between the coerced person(idealist) and the counterpart can be learned by the method of comparative study. There are two kinds of existing legislative model about the third per-son stress contract effectiveness: static security protectionist legislation model and dynamic security protectionist legislation mode. And further to our country in the "general civil law" the 150 th stipulation about the third person stress evaluation, and points out that the static security protectionist legislation mode of the static security relatively protectionism is more suitable for our country.
引文
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(1)《法国民法典》第1111条:“对缔结债务的人实施的胁迫,构成契约之无效原因;即使由为其利益订立契约的人以外的第三人实施的胁迫亦同。”
(2)《德国民法典》第123条第一款:“因被恶意欺诈或不法胁迫而为之意思表示者,可撤销其意思表示。”