阳光与阴影——新政下的中国学前教育发展
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摘要
2018年11月15日,《中共中央、国务院关于学前教育深化改革规范发展的若干意见》(简称新政)发布。新政在学前教育界的反应可谓"一石冲开千层浪",受到官、产、学等多方解读和热议。以新政出台为标志,中国学前教育面临着一个新的拐点。本文着重分析了新政对学前教育的资本市场、民办园发展前景、学前教育管理体制带来的深入影响,呈现了当前中国学前教育发展的难点,明确提出了未来学前教育发展方向:守住资本禁入的红线;厘清营利与非营利、普惠与非普惠政策顺序与组合规则,细化操作指引,完善、升级民办普惠园的支持与管理制度;底部攻坚,打通农村学前教育最后一公里;鼓励地方学前教育制度创新;实施分类管理,降低门槛,开放小微幼儿园、儿童中心的注册;理顺所有利益关系、建立长远制度、发挥行业自律性。
On November 15, 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have issued guidelines to the reform and standardization of Early Childhood Education(In this paper, it is abbreviated as New Policy). The New Policy can be described as "a stone breaks through thousands of waves", which has been discussed by officials, operators and scholars. With the New Policy as a symbol, early childhood education of China has entered in a new historical period. This study emphatically analyses the deep influence of the New Policy on the capital market of early childhood education,the future development of private preschools and the management system of early childhood education.It presents the difficulties of early childhood education in China, and clearly puts forward how to develop early childhood education.It proposes some suggestions:(1)we should keep the red line of capital prohibition;(2)the government should clarify the order and combination rules of profitable and non-profitable policies, beneficial and non-beneficial policies,and refine operational guidelines to improve the management system of beneficial preschools;(3)the local governments should continue to develop rural preschool education;(4)the central government should encourage the local government to establish innovative education system;(5)the government should implement sort management of early childhood education, and reduce the application threshold and open the registration; and(6)we should straighten out all interests,and establish a long-term system to exert the self-discipline of practitioners.
On November 15, 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have issued guidelines to the reform and standardization of Early Childhood Education(In this paper, it is abbreviated as New Policy). The New Policy can be described as "a stone breaks through thousands of waves", which has been discussed by officials, operators and scholars. With the New Policy as a symbol, early childhood education of China has entered in a new historical period. This study emphatically analyses the deep influence of the New Policy on the capital market of early childhood education,the future development of private preschools and the management system of early childhood education.It presents the difficulties of early childhood education in China, and clearly puts forward how to develop early childhood education.It proposes some suggestions:(1)we should keep the red line of capital prohibition;(2)the government should clarify the order and combination rules of profitable and non-profitable policies, beneficial and non-beneficial policies,and refine operational guidelines to improve the management system of beneficial preschools;(3)the local governments should continue to develop rural preschool education;(4)the central government should encourage the local government to establish innovative education system;(5)the government should implement sort management of early childhood education, and reduce the application threshold and open the registration; and(6)we should straighten out all interests,and establish a long-term system to exert the self-discipline of practitioners.
引文
(1)熊丙奇:《是否允许营利性民办幼儿园上市,并非评价民办教育开放的指标》,腾讯教育,2018年。