Impacts of soil fauna on nitrogen and phosphorus release during litter decomposition were differently controlled by plant species and ecosystem type
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摘要
The dynamics of litter nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) release could be affected by soil fauna and environmental conditions. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of soil fauna on the dynamics of N and P during foliar litter decomposition in three types of ecosystems(i.e., montane forest, ecotone,and dry valley) along an elevation gradient. A field experiment using litterbags with two different mesh sizes(0.04 and 3 mm) was conducted from November 2013 to October 2014. Nitrogen and P release rates in decomposing foliar litter from fir(Abies faxoniana) and birch(Betula albosinensis) in montane forest, oak(Quercus baronii) and cypress(Cupressus chengiana) in ecotone, and cypress and clovershrub(Campylotropis macrocarpa) in dry valley were investigated in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Soil fauna strongly affected N and P release across different decomposition periods and ecosystem types. The average release rate of N mediated by soil fauna across the entire year was higher in the dry valley(15.6–37.3%) than in the montane forest(0.5–6.4%) and the ecotone(-3.7–4.9%). The effects of soil fauna on P release rate were manifest in both the montane forest and the dry valley. Moreover, the impacts of soil fauna can vary substantially among different decomposition periods. Our results indicated that soil fauna can significantly affect N and P release during litter decomposition. The N release rate mediated by fauna was likely to be more sensitive to the effects of plant species(i.e., initial litter chemical traits), while the P release rate mediated by soil fauna might be subject to the effects of local-scale environmental factors(e.g., temperature) to a greater extent.
The dynamics of litter nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) release could be affected by soil fauna and environmental conditions. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of soil fauna on the dynamics of N and P during foliar litter decomposition in three types of ecosystems(i.e., montane forest, ecotone,and dry valley) along an elevation gradient. A field experiment using litterbags with two different mesh sizes(0.04 and 3 mm) was conducted from November 2013 to October 2014. Nitrogen and P release rates in decomposing foliar litter from fir(Abies faxoniana) and birch(Betula albosinensis) in montane forest, oak(Quercus baronii) and cypress(Cupressus chengiana) in ecotone, and cypress and clovershrub(Campylotropis macrocarpa) in dry valley were investigated in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Soil fauna strongly affected N and P release across different decomposition periods and ecosystem types. The average release rate of N mediated by soil fauna across the entire year was higher in the dry valley(15.6–37.3%) than in the montane forest(0.5–6.4%) and the ecotone(-3.7–4.9%). The effects of soil fauna on P release rate were manifest in both the montane forest and the dry valley. Moreover, the impacts of soil fauna can vary substantially among different decomposition periods. Our results indicated that soil fauna can significantly affect N and P release during litter decomposition. The N release rate mediated by fauna was likely to be more sensitive to the effects of plant species(i.e., initial litter chemical traits), while the P release rate mediated by soil fauna might be subject to the effects of local-scale environmental factors(e.g., temperature) to a greater extent.
The dynamics of litter nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) release could be affected by soil fauna and environmental conditions. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of soil fauna on the dynamics of N and P during foliar litter decomposition in three types of ecosystems(i.e., montane forest, ecotone,and dry valley) along an elevation gradient. A field experiment using litterbags with two different mesh sizes(0.04 and 3 mm) was conducted from November 2013 to October 2014. Nitrogen and P release rates in decomposing foliar litter from fir(Abies faxoniana) and birch(Betula albosinensis) in montane forest, oak(Quercus baronii) and cypress(Cupressus chengiana) in ecotone, and cypress and clovershrub(Campylotropis macrocarpa) in dry valley were investigated in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Soil fauna strongly affected N and P release across different decomposition periods and ecosystem types. The average release rate of N mediated by soil fauna across the entire year was higher in the dry valley(15.6–37.3%) than in the montane forest(0.5–6.4%) and the ecotone(-3.7–4.9%). The effects of soil fauna on P release rate were manifest in both the montane forest and the dry valley. Moreover, the impacts of soil fauna can vary substantially among different decomposition periods. Our results indicated that soil fauna can significantly affect N and P release during litter decomposition. The N release rate mediated by fauna was likely to be more sensitive to the effects of plant species(i.e., initial litter chemical traits), while the P release rate mediated by soil fauna might be subject to the effects of local-scale environmental factors(e.g., temperature) to a greater extent.
引文
Aerts R(2006)The freezer defrosting:global warming and litter decomposition rates in cold biomes.J Ecol 94:713-724
Bailey R(2004)Identifying Ecoregion Boundaries.Environ Manag34:S14-S26
Bargali K,Manral V,Bargali S(2015a)Weight loss pattern in decomposing litter of Coriaria nepalensis,an actinorhizal shrub from degraded land.Indian J Agric Sci 85:270-273
Bargali S,Shukla K,Singh L,Ghosh L,Lakhera M(2015b)Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in four tree species of dry deciduous forest.Trop Ecol 56:191-200
Bradford MA,Warren RJ II,Baldrian P,Crowther TW,Maynard DS,Oldfield EE,Wieder WR,Wood SA,King JR(2014)Climate fails to predict wood decomposition at regional scales.Nat Clim Chan 4:625-630
Bradford MA,Berg B,Maynard DS,Wieder WR,Wood SA(2016)Understanding the dominant controls on litter decomposition.J Ecol 104:229-238
Cleveland CC,Neff JC,Townsend AR,Hood E(2004)Composition,dynamics,and fate of leached dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems:results from a decomposition experiment.Ecosystems 7:175-285
García-Palacios P,Maestre FT,Kattge J,Wall DH(2013)Climate and litter quality differently modulate the effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition across biomes.Ecol Lett 16:1045-1053
García-Palacios P,Shaw EA,Wall DH,H?ttenschwiler S(2016)Temporal dynamics of biotic and abiotic drivers of litter decomposition.Ecol Lett 19:554-563
Gessner MO,Swan CM,Dang CK,Mckie BG,Bardgett RD,Wall DH,H?ttenschwiler S(2010)Diversity meets decomposition.Trends Ecol Evol 25:372-380
Güsewell S,Gessner MO(2009)N:P ratios influence litter decomposition and colonization by fungi and bacteria in microcosms.Funct Ecol 23:211-219
H?ttenschwiler S,Tiunov VA,Scheu S(2005)Biodiversity and litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems.Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 36:191-218
He W,Wu F,Zhang D,Yang W,Tan B,Zhao Y,Wu Q(2015)The effects of forest gaps on cellulose degradation in the foliar litter of two shrub species in an alpine fir forest.Plant Soil393:109-122
He W,Wu F,Yang W,Tan B,Zhao Y,Wu Q,He M(2016a)Lignin degradation in foliar litter of two shrub species from the gap center to the closed canopy in an alpine fir forest.Ecosystems19:115-128
He Z,Yu Z,Huang Z,Davis M,Yang Y(2016b)Litter decomposition,residue chemistry and microbial community structure under two subtropical forest plantations:a reciprocal litter transplant study.Appl Soil Ecol 101:84-92
Heděnec P,RadochováP,NovákováA,Kaneda S,Frouz J(2013)Grazing preference and utilization of soil fungi by Folsomia candida(Isotomidae:Collembola).Eur J Soil Biol 55:66-70
Hobbie S,Stuart Chapin F III(1996)Winter regulation of tundra litter carbon and nitrogen dynamics.Biogeochemistry 35:327-338
Hobbie SE,Vitousek PM(2000)Nutrient limitation of decomposition in Hawaiian forests.Ecology 81:1867-1877
Li X,Wu F,Yang W,Xia L,Tan B(2014)Contribution of meso-and macro-fauna to nitrogen release in needle litter decomposition of Abies faxoniana during the freeze-thaw period.Acta Ecol Sin34:290-293
Liski J,Nissinen A,Erhard M,Taskinen O(2003)Climatic effects on litter decomposition from arctic tundra to tropical rainforest.Glob Change Biol 9:575-584
Lu RK(1999)Soil and agro-chemical analytical method.China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,Beijing,p 107,147,168(in Chinese)
Manzoni S,Trofymow JA,Jackson RB,Porporato A(2010)Stoichiometric controls on carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus dynamics in decomposing litter.Ecol Monogr 80:89-106
Moore T,Trofymow J,Prescott C,Fyles J,Titus B(2006)Patterns of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in decomposing foliar litter in Canadian forests.Ecosystems 9:46-62
Moore TR,Trofymow J,Prescott CE,Titus B,Group CW(2011)Nature and nurture in the dynamics of C,N and P during litter decomposition in Canadian forests.Plant Soil 339:163-175
Mueller KE,Eisenhauer N,Reich PB et al(2016)Light,earthworms,and soil resources as predictors of diversity of 10 soil invertebrate groups across monocultures of 14 tree species.Soil Biol Biochem 92:184-198
Peng Y,Yang W,Li J,Wang B,Zhang C,Yue K,Wu F(2015)Contribution of soil fauna to foliar litter-mass loss in winter in an ecotone between dry valley and montane forest in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.PLoS ONE 10(4):e0124605
Simmons B,Wall D,Adams B,Ayres E,Barrett J,Virginia R(2009)Long-term experimental warming reduces soil nematode populations in the McMurdo Dry Valleys,Antarctica.Soil Biol Biochem 41:2052-2060
Swift MJ,Heal OW,Anderson JM(1979)Decomposition in terrestrial ecosystem.University of California Press,Berkley,pp 71-73
Sylvain ZA,Wall DH,Cherwin KL,Peters DP,Reichmann LG,Sala OE(2014)Soil animal responses to moisture availability are largely scale,not ecosystem dependent:insight from a cross-site study.Glob Change Biol 20:2631-2643
Tan B,Wu FZ,Yang WQ,Liu L,Yu S(2010)Characteristics of soil animal community in the subalpine/alpine forests of western Sichuan during onset of freezing.Acta Ecol Sin 30:93-99
Wang Q,Wang X,Luo J(1997)Ecotone and biodiversity.Chin Biodivers 5:126-131
Wang S,Ruan H,Han Y(2010)Effects of microclimate,litter type,and mesh size on leaf litter decomposition along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi Mountains,China.Ecol Res 25:1113-1120
Wardle D,Lavelle P(1997)Linkages between soil biota,plant litter quality and decomposition.In:Cadish G,Giller KE(eds)Driven by nature:plant litter quality and decomposition.CAB International,Wallingford,pp 107-124
Wardle DA,Bardgett RD,Klironomos JN,Set?l?H,Van Der Putten WH,Wall DH(2004)Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota.Science 304:1629-1633
Whittaker RH(1972)Evolution and measurement of species diversity.Taxon 21:213-251
Wu F,Yang W,Zhang J,Deng R(2010)Litter decomposition in two subalpine forests during the freeze-thaw season.Acta Oecol36:135-140
Wu F,Peng C,Zhang J,Zhang J,Tan B,Yang W(2014)Impacts of freezing and thawing dynamics on foliar litter carbon release in alpine/subalpine forests along an altitudinal gradient in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Biogeosciences 11:6471-6481
Xin W,Yin X,Song B(2012)Contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in Songnen sandy lands in northeastern China.J Arid Environm 77:90-95
Xu X,Hirata E(2005)Decomposition patterns of leaf litter of seven common canopy species in a subtropical forest:N and Pdynamics.Plant Soil 273:279-289
Yang X,Chen J(2009)Plant litter quality influences the contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in humid tropical forests,southwestern China.Soil Biol Biochem 41:910-918
Yin W,Hu S,Shen W(1998)Handbook of Soil Fauna in China.Science Press,Beijing
Yu Z,Huang Z,Wang M et al(2015)Nitrogen addition enhances home-field advantage during litter decomposition in subtropical forest plantations.Soil Biol Biochem 90:188-196
Yue K,Yang WQ,Peng CH,Peng Y,Zhang C,Huang CP,Tan Y,Wu FZ(2016a)Foliar litter decomposition in an alpine forest meta-ecosystem on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Sci Total Environ 566-567:279-287
Yue K,Yang W,Peng Y,Zhang C,Huang C,Wu F(2016b)Chromium,cadmium,and lead dynamics during winter foliar litter decomposition in an alpine forest river.Arct Antarct Alp Res 48(1):79-91
Bailey R(2004)Identifying Ecoregion Boundaries.Environ Manag34:S14-S26
Bargali K,Manral V,Bargali S(2015a)Weight loss pattern in decomposing litter of Coriaria nepalensis,an actinorhizal shrub from degraded land.Indian J Agric Sci 85:270-273
Bargali S,Shukla K,Singh L,Ghosh L,Lakhera M(2015b)Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in four tree species of dry deciduous forest.Trop Ecol 56:191-200
Bradford MA,Warren RJ II,Baldrian P,Crowther TW,Maynard DS,Oldfield EE,Wieder WR,Wood SA,King JR(2014)Climate fails to predict wood decomposition at regional scales.Nat Clim Chan 4:625-630
Bradford MA,Berg B,Maynard DS,Wieder WR,Wood SA(2016)Understanding the dominant controls on litter decomposition.J Ecol 104:229-238
Cleveland CC,Neff JC,Townsend AR,Hood E(2004)Composition,dynamics,and fate of leached dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems:results from a decomposition experiment.Ecosystems 7:175-285
García-Palacios P,Maestre FT,Kattge J,Wall DH(2013)Climate and litter quality differently modulate the effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition across biomes.Ecol Lett 16:1045-1053
García-Palacios P,Shaw EA,Wall DH,H?ttenschwiler S(2016)Temporal dynamics of biotic and abiotic drivers of litter decomposition.Ecol Lett 19:554-563
Gessner MO,Swan CM,Dang CK,Mckie BG,Bardgett RD,Wall DH,H?ttenschwiler S(2010)Diversity meets decomposition.Trends Ecol Evol 25:372-380
Güsewell S,Gessner MO(2009)N:P ratios influence litter decomposition and colonization by fungi and bacteria in microcosms.Funct Ecol 23:211-219
H?ttenschwiler S,Tiunov VA,Scheu S(2005)Biodiversity and litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems.Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 36:191-218
He W,Wu F,Zhang D,Yang W,Tan B,Zhao Y,Wu Q(2015)The effects of forest gaps on cellulose degradation in the foliar litter of two shrub species in an alpine fir forest.Plant Soil393:109-122
He W,Wu F,Yang W,Tan B,Zhao Y,Wu Q,He M(2016a)Lignin degradation in foliar litter of two shrub species from the gap center to the closed canopy in an alpine fir forest.Ecosystems19:115-128
He Z,Yu Z,Huang Z,Davis M,Yang Y(2016b)Litter decomposition,residue chemistry and microbial community structure under two subtropical forest plantations:a reciprocal litter transplant study.Appl Soil Ecol 101:84-92
Heděnec P,RadochováP,NovákováA,Kaneda S,Frouz J(2013)Grazing preference and utilization of soil fungi by Folsomia candida(Isotomidae:Collembola).Eur J Soil Biol 55:66-70
Hobbie S,Stuart Chapin F III(1996)Winter regulation of tundra litter carbon and nitrogen dynamics.Biogeochemistry 35:327-338
Hobbie SE,Vitousek PM(2000)Nutrient limitation of decomposition in Hawaiian forests.Ecology 81:1867-1877
Li X,Wu F,Yang W,Xia L,Tan B(2014)Contribution of meso-and macro-fauna to nitrogen release in needle litter decomposition of Abies faxoniana during the freeze-thaw period.Acta Ecol Sin34:290-293
Liski J,Nissinen A,Erhard M,Taskinen O(2003)Climatic effects on litter decomposition from arctic tundra to tropical rainforest.Glob Change Biol 9:575-584
Lu RK(1999)Soil and agro-chemical analytical method.China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,Beijing,p 107,147,168(in Chinese)
Manzoni S,Trofymow JA,Jackson RB,Porporato A(2010)Stoichiometric controls on carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus dynamics in decomposing litter.Ecol Monogr 80:89-106
Moore T,Trofymow J,Prescott C,Fyles J,Titus B(2006)Patterns of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in decomposing foliar litter in Canadian forests.Ecosystems 9:46-62
Moore TR,Trofymow J,Prescott CE,Titus B,Group CW(2011)Nature and nurture in the dynamics of C,N and P during litter decomposition in Canadian forests.Plant Soil 339:163-175
Mueller KE,Eisenhauer N,Reich PB et al(2016)Light,earthworms,and soil resources as predictors of diversity of 10 soil invertebrate groups across monocultures of 14 tree species.Soil Biol Biochem 92:184-198
Peng Y,Yang W,Li J,Wang B,Zhang C,Yue K,Wu F(2015)Contribution of soil fauna to foliar litter-mass loss in winter in an ecotone between dry valley and montane forest in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.PLoS ONE 10(4):e0124605
Simmons B,Wall D,Adams B,Ayres E,Barrett J,Virginia R(2009)Long-term experimental warming reduces soil nematode populations in the McMurdo Dry Valleys,Antarctica.Soil Biol Biochem 41:2052-2060
Swift MJ,Heal OW,Anderson JM(1979)Decomposition in terrestrial ecosystem.University of California Press,Berkley,pp 71-73
Sylvain ZA,Wall DH,Cherwin KL,Peters DP,Reichmann LG,Sala OE(2014)Soil animal responses to moisture availability are largely scale,not ecosystem dependent:insight from a cross-site study.Glob Change Biol 20:2631-2643
Tan B,Wu FZ,Yang WQ,Liu L,Yu S(2010)Characteristics of soil animal community in the subalpine/alpine forests of western Sichuan during onset of freezing.Acta Ecol Sin 30:93-99
Wang Q,Wang X,Luo J(1997)Ecotone and biodiversity.Chin Biodivers 5:126-131
Wang S,Ruan H,Han Y(2010)Effects of microclimate,litter type,and mesh size on leaf litter decomposition along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi Mountains,China.Ecol Res 25:1113-1120
Wardle D,Lavelle P(1997)Linkages between soil biota,plant litter quality and decomposition.In:Cadish G,Giller KE(eds)Driven by nature:plant litter quality and decomposition.CAB International,Wallingford,pp 107-124
Wardle DA,Bardgett RD,Klironomos JN,Set?l?H,Van Der Putten WH,Wall DH(2004)Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota.Science 304:1629-1633
Whittaker RH(1972)Evolution and measurement of species diversity.Taxon 21:213-251
Wu F,Yang W,Zhang J,Deng R(2010)Litter decomposition in two subalpine forests during the freeze-thaw season.Acta Oecol36:135-140
Wu F,Peng C,Zhang J,Zhang J,Tan B,Yang W(2014)Impacts of freezing and thawing dynamics on foliar litter carbon release in alpine/subalpine forests along an altitudinal gradient in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Biogeosciences 11:6471-6481
Xin W,Yin X,Song B(2012)Contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in Songnen sandy lands in northeastern China.J Arid Environm 77:90-95
Xu X,Hirata E(2005)Decomposition patterns of leaf litter of seven common canopy species in a subtropical forest:N and Pdynamics.Plant Soil 273:279-289
Yang X,Chen J(2009)Plant litter quality influences the contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in humid tropical forests,southwestern China.Soil Biol Biochem 41:910-918
Yin W,Hu S,Shen W(1998)Handbook of Soil Fauna in China.Science Press,Beijing
Yu Z,Huang Z,Wang M et al(2015)Nitrogen addition enhances home-field advantage during litter decomposition in subtropical forest plantations.Soil Biol Biochem 90:188-196
Yue K,Yang WQ,Peng CH,Peng Y,Zhang C,Huang CP,Tan Y,Wu FZ(2016a)Foliar litter decomposition in an alpine forest meta-ecosystem on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Sci Total Environ 566-567:279-287
Yue K,Yang W,Peng Y,Zhang C,Huang C,Wu F(2016b)Chromium,cadmium,and lead dynamics during winter foliar litter decomposition in an alpine forest river.Arct Antarct Alp Res 48(1):79-91