渝东南盆缘转换带常压页岩气储层非均质性特征及主控因素
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摘要
四川盆地东南部及其盆缘转换带(以下简称渝东南盆缘转换带)页岩气资源量较大,但其地质条件复杂、地层呈常压特征,给页岩气的经济开发带来了困难。为了深入认识该区页岩气储层的非均质性,借助X射线衍射、氩离子抛光扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附等手段,从岩石骨架、储集空间的角度研究了该区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层的非均质性及其主控因素。研究结果表明:(1)该转换带五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层非均质性主要表现在骨架非均质性和孔隙非均质性两个方面,优质页岩层段与上覆页岩段在脆性矿物含量、黏土矿物含量、有机质丰度、孔隙度等方面差异较大,具有较强的纵向非均质性;(2)储层发育有机质孔、脆性矿物孔、裂缝等多种储集空间类型,并且孔隙在形态、分布、孔径、结构特征方面的差异明显,具有较强的微观非均质性;(3)页岩岩石物理参数泊松比、杨氏模量也相应表现出较大的差异;(4)页岩气储层非均质性的主控因素是沉积环境差异导致的岩石骨架变化,构造缝及其多向性增强了储层的非均质性,成岩作用进一步改变了骨架矿物和有机质的含量,对孔隙类型及结构产生影响,进一步加剧了页岩储层的非均质性。结论认为,龙一下亚段应为该区下一步页岩气开发的首选目的层系,平面上以远离构造相对活动带和深大断裂为宜,区块上优选南川区块。
In the southeastern(SE) Sichuan Basin and its basin-margin transition zone(hereinafter referred to as the basin-margin transition zone of SE Chongqing), shale gas resource is abundant, but its beneficial development is difficult to achieve due to its geological complexity with the characteristics of normal formation pressures. In view of this, the heterogeneity of shale gas reservoirs of Upper Ordovician Wufeng–Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fms in this area and its main controlling factors were studied from the aspects of rock skeleton and reservoir space by means of X-ray diffraction, argon ion polishing-scanning electron microscopy and cryogenic nitrogen adsorption. And the following research results were obtained. First, the heterogeneity of Wufeng–Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale gas reservoirs in this transition zone is mainly manifested as skeleton heterogeneity and pore heterogeneity. Quality shale intervals are different from overlying shale intervals in terms of brittle mineral content, clay mineral content, organic abundance and porosity, and their vertical heterogeneity are stronger. Second, many types of reservoir spaces are developed, including organic pores, brittle mineral pores and fractures. And pores are obviously different in terms of morphology, distribution, sizes and structures, presenting a stronger microscopic heterogeneity. Third, the petrophysical parameters of shale(Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus) are different. Fourth, the main factor controlling the heterogeneity of shale gas reservoirs is the change of rock skeleton caused by the difference of sedimentary environment. Structural fractures and their pleiotropy enhance the heterogeneity of reservoirs. And diagenesis further changes the content of skeleton minerals and organic matters and influences the type and structure of pores, so as to intensify the heterogeneity of shale reservoirs. In conclusion, it is recommended that the lower submember of the first Member of Longmaxi Fm should be the preferred target layer for shale gas development, tectonic active zones and discordogenic faults should be avoided, and Nanchuan Block should be the preferably selected block.
In the southeastern(SE) Sichuan Basin and its basin-margin transition zone(hereinafter referred to as the basin-margin transition zone of SE Chongqing), shale gas resource is abundant, but its beneficial development is difficult to achieve due to its geological complexity with the characteristics of normal formation pressures. In view of this, the heterogeneity of shale gas reservoirs of Upper Ordovician Wufeng–Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fms in this area and its main controlling factors were studied from the aspects of rock skeleton and reservoir space by means of X-ray diffraction, argon ion polishing-scanning electron microscopy and cryogenic nitrogen adsorption. And the following research results were obtained. First, the heterogeneity of Wufeng–Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale gas reservoirs in this transition zone is mainly manifested as skeleton heterogeneity and pore heterogeneity. Quality shale intervals are different from overlying shale intervals in terms of brittle mineral content, clay mineral content, organic abundance and porosity, and their vertical heterogeneity are stronger. Second, many types of reservoir spaces are developed, including organic pores, brittle mineral pores and fractures. And pores are obviously different in terms of morphology, distribution, sizes and structures, presenting a stronger microscopic heterogeneity. Third, the petrophysical parameters of shale(Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus) are different. Fourth, the main factor controlling the heterogeneity of shale gas reservoirs is the change of rock skeleton caused by the difference of sedimentary environment. Structural fractures and their pleiotropy enhance the heterogeneity of reservoirs. And diagenesis further changes the content of skeleton minerals and organic matters and influences the type and structure of pores, so as to intensify the heterogeneity of shale reservoirs. In conclusion, it is recommended that the lower submember of the first Member of Longmaxi Fm should be the preferred target layer for shale gas development, tectonic active zones and discordogenic faults should be avoided, and Nanchuan Block should be the preferably selected block.
引文
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[2]董大忠,王玉满,李新景,邹才能,管全中,张晨晨,等.中国页岩气勘探开发新突破及发展前景思考[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):19-32.Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,Li Xinjing,Zou Caineng,Guan Quanzhong,Zhang Chenchen,et al.Breakthrough and prospect of shale gas exploration and development in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):19-32.
[3]马新华.四川盆地天然气发展进入黄金时代[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):1-10.Ma Xinhua.A golden era for natural gas development in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(2):1-10.
[4]孟志勇.四川盆地涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组含气页岩段纵向非均质性及其发育主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):838-846.Meng Zhiyong.Vertical heterogeneity and its controlling factors of the gas shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Fms.in Fuling area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):838-846.
[5]郭英海,赵迪斐.微观尺度海相页岩储层微观非均质性研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(2):300-307.Guo Yinghai&Zhao Difei.Analysis of micro-scale heterogeneity characteristics in marine shale gas reservoir[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(2):300-307.
[6]钟太贤.中国南方海相页岩孔隙结构特征[J].天然气工业,2012,32(9):1-4.Zhong Taixian.Classification of pore structures of marine shales in South China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(9):1-4.
[7]龚小平,唐洪明,赵峰,王俊杰,熊浩.四川盆地龙马溪组页岩储层孔隙结构的定量表征[J].岩性油气藏,2016,28(3):48-57.Gong Xiaoping,Tang Hongming,Zhao Feng,Wang Junjie&Xiong Hao.Quantitative characterization of pore structure in shale reservoir of Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(3):48-57.
[8]陈尚斌,夏筱红,秦勇,付常青,胡琳.川南富集区龙马溪组页岩气储层孔隙结构分类[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):760-765.Chen Shangbin,Xia Xiaohong,Qin Yong,Fu Changqing&Hu Lin.Classification of pore structures in shale gas reservoir at the Longmaxi Formation in the south of Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(5):760-765.
[9]杨少春,王惠娟.基于纳米尺度的碎屑岩骨架矿物结构研究[J].地球科学与环境学报,2011,33(4):331-336.Yang Shaochun&Wang Huijuan.Study on clastic rock framework mineral structure based on nanoscale[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2011,33(4):331-336.
[10]陈尚斌,秦勇,王阳,张寒,左兆喜.中上扬子区海相页岩气储层孔隙结构非均质性特征[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(8):1455-1463.Chen Shangbin,Qin Yong,Wang Yang,Zhang Han&Zuo Zhaoxi.Pore structure and heterogeneity of marine shales in the Middle-Upper Yangtze[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(8):1455-1463.
[11]赵迪斐,郭英海,郑德志,解德录,李平.五峰组-龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构与非均质特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(8):182-187.Zhao Difei,Guo Yinghai,Zheng Dezhi,Xie Delu&Li Ping.Study on pore structure and heterogeneous features of shale in Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(8):182-187.
[12]张晓波.河南义马地区页岩气储层孔隙非均质性[J].地球学报,2016,37(3):340-348.Zhang Xiaobo.Interlayer heterogeneity in pore structure of shale gas reservoir in the Yima area,Henan Province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2016,37(3):340-348.
[13]徐祖新.基于CT扫描图像的页岩储层非均质性研究[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(6):46-49.Xu Zuxin.Heterogeneity of shale reservoirs based on CT images[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(6):46-49.
[14]江凯禧,彭丽,何文祥,郭清正,姚长华,张曼婷.页岩气储层非均质性研究:以四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组为例[J].海洋地质前沿,2014,30(8):47-54.Jiang Kaixi,Peng Li,He Wenxiang,Guo Qingzheng,Yao Changhua&Zhang Manting.Research of shale gas reservoir heterogeneity:A case of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation of the Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2014,30(8):47-54.
[15]Borkloe JK,Pan Renfang,Jin Jineng,Nyantakyi EK&Meng Jianghui.Evaluation of shale gas potential of Cambrian Jiulaodong Formation in Wei-201 well block in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Interpretation,2016,4(2):123-140.
[16]王香增,张丽霞,高潮.鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾地区延长组页岩气储层非均质性特征[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):134-145.Wang Xiangzeng,Zhang Lixia&Gao Chao.The heterogeneity of shale gas reservoir in the Yanchang Formation,Xiasiwan area,Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):134-145.
[17]Mavor M.Barnett shale gas-in-place volume including sorbed and free gas volume[C]//AAPG Southwest Section Meeting,1-4March 2003,Fort Worth,Texas,USA.
[18]付常青.渝东南五峰组-龙马溪组页岩储层特征与页岩气富集研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.Fu Changqing.Study on reservoir characteristics and shale gas enrichment of Wufeng--Longmaxi Formation shale in Southeast Chongqing[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2017.
[19]Schettler PD&Parmoly CR.The measurement of gas desorption isotherms for Devonian shale[J].GRI Devonian Gas Shale Technology Review,1990,7(1):4-9.
[20]聂海宽,唐玄,边瑞康.页岩气成藏控制因素及中国南方页岩气发育有利区预测[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):484-491.Nie Haikuan,Tang Xuan&Bian Ruikang.Controlling factors for shale gas accumulation and prediction of potential development area in shale gas reservoir of South China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):484-491.
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