济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组页岩有机质热演化特征
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摘要
钻探显示渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷古近系沙河街地层具有良好的页岩油资源潜力,成熟页岩厚度超过1 000m,其有机质热演化特征备受关注。通过对研究区5口页岩油钻井岩石热解地化参数详细统计和对烃源岩原始有机碳、可转换碳、页岩含油量以及生烃潜力等页岩有机质特征的分析,探讨了页岩镜质体反射率动力学应用范畴。沙河街组(沙三段下亚段和沙四段上亚段)页岩最大热解温度(T_(max))为423~450℃,有机质成熟度(Ro)为0.45%~0.94%,平均为0.73%,Ⅱ型烃源岩原始有机碳(TOCo)含量为0.92%~5.67%,平均为4.23%,可转换碳(Cc)比例为51%~63%,平均为59%,页岩含油量(S_1)为(10~75)×10~4 t/km~2,平均为39.67×10~4 t/km~2,生烃潜力(S_2)为(20~465)×10~4 t/km~2,平均为293×10~4 t/km,热解产量指数(PI)为0.03~0.47。综合研究认为,济阳坳陷沙河街组优质烃源岩主要集中在东营凹陷和沾化凹陷,有机质成熟度对页岩油的生成和聚集至关重要,当R_o为0.70%~0.74%时,油气开始大量生成,并且开始排烃。
Paleogene Shahejie Formation is investigated for its excellent shale oil potential in Jiyang depression,Bohai Bay Basin.The thickness of Shahejie Formation shale within the oil window reaches more than 1000 m and the characteristics of shale organic matter thermal evolution has attracted widespread interest.Based on the detailed statistics of the pyrolysis geochemical parameters for five exploration wells for shale oil,the analyses of original total organic carbon(TOCo)of a source rock,the convertible carbon(Cc),the oil in place from S_1 and generation potential from S_2 etc.,the characteristics of the shale organic matter thermal evolution of Shahejie Formation has been studied,and the vitrinite reflectance kinetics of shale has also been discussed in this paper.The results suggest that Shahejie Formation shale(lower part of the 3~(rd) and upper part of the 4th Member of Shahejie)is of particular exploration interest,which yields the maximum pyrolysis temperature(Tmax)values ranging from 423 ℃to 450 ℃.The thermal maturity(Ro)values range from 0.45%to 0.94%with the average value of 0.73%,implying that it belongs to the mature oil window shale.Original total organic carbon(TOCo)values of a source rock of type II values range from 0.64%to 7.25%,and the average TOCo is 4.60%.Organic carbon converted to hydrocarbons is called convertible carbon(Cc),and its values range from 51%to 63%,with the average Cc value of 59%.The oil content of shale values range from 10×10~4 t/km~2 to 75×10~4 t/km~2,with average value of 39.67×10~4 t/km~2.The hydrocarbon generating potential values range from 20×10~4 t/km~2 to 465×104 t/km~2,with average value of 293×10~4 t/km~2.Pyrolysis production index(PI)(or S_1/[S_1+S_2])values range from 0.03 to 0.47.The comprehensive study reveals that the excellent source rocks of Shahejie Formation are concentrated in Dongying and Zhanhua sags,and the thermal maturity is significant for the generation and accumulation of shale oil.When the Rovalues were at about 0.70%-0.74%the expulsion of hydrocarbons began.
Paleogene Shahejie Formation is investigated for its excellent shale oil potential in Jiyang depression,Bohai Bay Basin.The thickness of Shahejie Formation shale within the oil window reaches more than 1000 m and the characteristics of shale organic matter thermal evolution has attracted widespread interest.Based on the detailed statistics of the pyrolysis geochemical parameters for five exploration wells for shale oil,the analyses of original total organic carbon(TOCo)of a source rock,the convertible carbon(Cc),the oil in place from S_1 and generation potential from S_2 etc.,the characteristics of the shale organic matter thermal evolution of Shahejie Formation has been studied,and the vitrinite reflectance kinetics of shale has also been discussed in this paper.The results suggest that Shahejie Formation shale(lower part of the 3~(rd) and upper part of the 4th Member of Shahejie)is of particular exploration interest,which yields the maximum pyrolysis temperature(Tmax)values ranging from 423 ℃to 450 ℃.The thermal maturity(Ro)values range from 0.45%to 0.94%with the average value of 0.73%,implying that it belongs to the mature oil window shale.Original total organic carbon(TOCo)values of a source rock of type II values range from 0.64%to 7.25%,and the average TOCo is 4.60%.Organic carbon converted to hydrocarbons is called convertible carbon(Cc),and its values range from 51%to 63%,with the average Cc value of 59%.The oil content of shale values range from 10×10~4 t/km~2 to 75×10~4 t/km~2,with average value of 39.67×10~4 t/km~2.The hydrocarbon generating potential values range from 20×10~4 t/km~2 to 465×104 t/km~2,with average value of 293×10~4 t/km~2.Pyrolysis production index(PI)(or S_1/[S_1+S_2])values range from 0.03 to 0.47.The comprehensive study reveals that the excellent source rocks of Shahejie Formation are concentrated in Dongying and Zhanhua sags,and the thermal maturity is significant for the generation and accumulation of shale oil.When the Rovalues were at about 0.70%-0.74%the expulsion of hydrocarbons began.
引文
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[10]张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等.页岩油分类与评价[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):321-331.
[11]邹才能,杨智,张国生,等.常规-非常规油气“有序聚集”理论认识及实践意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):14-26.
[12]邹才能,杨智,崔景伟,等.页岩油形成机制、地质特征及发展对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):14-26.
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[14]Mastalerz M,Schimmelmann A,Drobniak A,et al.Porosity of devonian and mississippian new albany shale across a maturation gradient:Insights from organic petrology,gas adsorption,and mercury intrusion[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2013,97(10):1621-1643.
[15]Robinson J W,LeFever J A,Gaswirth S B.The BakkenThree Forks petroleum system in the Williston Basin[M]∥Jarvie D M,Coskey R J,Johnson M S,et al.The Geology and Geochemistry of the Parshall Area,Mountrail County,North Dakota.Denver,Colorado:Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists,2011:229-281.
[16]Chen D X,Pang X Q,Jiang Z X,et al.Reservoir characteristics and their effects on hydrocarbon accumulation in lacustrine turbidites in the Jiyang Super-depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26:149-162.
[17]张善文,张林晔,李政,等.济阳坳陷古近系页岩油气形成条件[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(6):1-5.
[18]张林晔,李钜源,李政,等.北美页岩油气研究进展及对中国陆相页岩油气勘探的思考[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(6):700-711.
[19]张林晔,李政,朱日房,等.济阳坳陷古近系存在页岩气资源的可能性[J].天然气工业,2008,28(12):26-29.
[20]王永诗,李政,巩建强,等.济阳坳陷页岩油气评价方法:以沾化凹陷罗家地区为例[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):83-91.
[21]葛瑞全,刘铁龙.济阳坳陷古近系页岩气开发前景分析[J].录井工程,2013,24(4):11-14.
[22]刘朝露,夏斌.济阳坳陷新生代构造演化特征与油气成藏组合模式[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(2):210-214.
[23]Zhu G Y,Zhang S C,Jin Q,et al.Origin of the Neogene shallow gas accumulations in the Jiyang Super depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Organic Geochemistry,2005,36:1650-1663.
[24]刘树根,马文辛,Luba J,等.四川盆地东部地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩储层特征[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2239-2252.
[25]陈文玲,周文,罗平,等.四川盆地长芯1井下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层特征研究[J].岩石学报,2013,29(3):1073-1086.
[26]黄磊,申维.页岩气储层孔隙发育特征及主控因素分析以上扬子地区龙马溪组为例[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):374-384.
[27]武景淑,于炳松,张金川,等.渝东南渝页1井下志留统龙马溪组页岩孔隙特征及其主控因素[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):260-269.
[28]谭淋耘,徐铫,李大华,等.渝东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质条件与有利区预测[J].地质学报,2015,89(7):1308-1317.
[29]梁超,姜在兴,杨镱婷,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相及储集空间特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):691-698.
[30]康志宏,周磊,任收麦,等.柴北缘中侏罗统大煤沟组七段泥页岩储层特征[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):265-276.
[31]李娟,于炳松,夏响华,等.黔西北地区上二叠统龙潭组泥页岩储层特征[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):301-311.
[32]王永诗,王伟庆,郝运轻.济阳坳陷沾化凹陷罗家地区古近系沙河街组页岩储集特征分析[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):657-662.
[33]王敏,朱家俊,余光华,等.罗家地区泥页岩岩相特征及测井分析技术[J].测井技术,2013,37(4):426-431.
[34]宋国奇,徐兴友,李政,等.济阳坳陷古近系陆相页岩油产量的影响因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,6(3):463-471.
[35]宁方兴.济阳坳陷页岩油富集主控因素[J].石油学报,2015,36(8):905-914.
[36]李超,朱筱敏,朱世发,等.沾化凹陷罗家地区沙三下段泥页岩储层特征[J].沉积学报,2015,33(4):795-808.
[37]Montgomery S L,Jarvie D M,Bowker K A,et al.Mississippian Barnett Shale,Fort Worth basin north-central Texas:Gas-shale play with multi-trillion cubic foot potential[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2005,89(2):155-175.
[38]Modica C J,Lapierre S G.Estimation of kerogen porosity in source rocks as a function of thermal transformation:Example from the Mowry Shale in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2012,96(1):87-108.
[39]Waples D W,Marzi R W.The universality of the relationship between vitrinite reflectance and transformation ratio[J].Organic Geochemistry,1998,28(6):383-388.
[40]Hill R J,Zhang E,Katz B J.Modeling of gas generation from the Barnett Shale,Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2007,91(4):501-521.
[2]Passey Q R,Bohacs M K,Esch L W.From oil-prone source rock to gas-producing shale reservoir:Geologic and petrophysical characterization of unconventional shale-gas reservoirs[C]∥Proceedings of International Oil&Gas Conference and Exhibition.Beijing:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010,6:1-29.
[3]Jarvie D M,Claxton B L,Henk F,et al.Oil and shale gas from the Barnett Shale,Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Annual Meeting Program,2001,10:A100.
[4]Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Pollastro M R,et al.Assessment of the gas potential and yields from shales:The Barnett Shale model[C]∥Cardott B J.Unconventional Energy Resources in the Southern Mid-continent,2004 Symposium.Oklahoma:Oklahoma Geological Survey,2004:37-50.
[5]Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble E T,et al.Unconventional shale-gas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of northcentral Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[6]Jarvie D M.Unconventional shale resource plays:Shale gas as and shale-oil opportunities[C]∥Proceedings of Forth Worth Business Press Meeting.Fort Worth:Energy Institute,Texas Christian University,2008,6:1-33.
[7]Pollastro R M,Jarvie D M,Hill R J,et al.Geologic framework of the Mississippian Barnett Shale,Barnett-Paleozoic total petroleum system,Bend arch-Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2007,91(4):405-436.
[8]Jarvie D M.Shale resource systems for oil and gas(Part 2):Shale-oil resource systems[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir,2012,97:89-119.
[9]贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136.
[10]张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等.页岩油分类与评价[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):321-331.
[11]邹才能,杨智,张国生,等.常规-非常规油气“有序聚集”理论认识及实践意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):14-26.
[12]邹才能,杨智,崔景伟,等.页岩油形成机制、地质特征及发展对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):14-26.
[13]Curtis J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[14]Mastalerz M,Schimmelmann A,Drobniak A,et al.Porosity of devonian and mississippian new albany shale across a maturation gradient:Insights from organic petrology,gas adsorption,and mercury intrusion[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2013,97(10):1621-1643.
[15]Robinson J W,LeFever J A,Gaswirth S B.The BakkenThree Forks petroleum system in the Williston Basin[M]∥Jarvie D M,Coskey R J,Johnson M S,et al.The Geology and Geochemistry of the Parshall Area,Mountrail County,North Dakota.Denver,Colorado:Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists,2011:229-281.
[16]Chen D X,Pang X Q,Jiang Z X,et al.Reservoir characteristics and their effects on hydrocarbon accumulation in lacustrine turbidites in the Jiyang Super-depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26:149-162.
[17]张善文,张林晔,李政,等.济阳坳陷古近系页岩油气形成条件[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(6):1-5.
[18]张林晔,李钜源,李政,等.北美页岩油气研究进展及对中国陆相页岩油气勘探的思考[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(6):700-711.
[19]张林晔,李政,朱日房,等.济阳坳陷古近系存在页岩气资源的可能性[J].天然气工业,2008,28(12):26-29.
[20]王永诗,李政,巩建强,等.济阳坳陷页岩油气评价方法:以沾化凹陷罗家地区为例[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):83-91.
[21]葛瑞全,刘铁龙.济阳坳陷古近系页岩气开发前景分析[J].录井工程,2013,24(4):11-14.
[22]刘朝露,夏斌.济阳坳陷新生代构造演化特征与油气成藏组合模式[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(2):210-214.
[23]Zhu G Y,Zhang S C,Jin Q,et al.Origin of the Neogene shallow gas accumulations in the Jiyang Super depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Organic Geochemistry,2005,36:1650-1663.
[24]刘树根,马文辛,Luba J,等.四川盆地东部地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩储层特征[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2239-2252.
[25]陈文玲,周文,罗平,等.四川盆地长芯1井下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层特征研究[J].岩石学报,2013,29(3):1073-1086.
[26]黄磊,申维.页岩气储层孔隙发育特征及主控因素分析以上扬子地区龙马溪组为例[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):374-384.
[27]武景淑,于炳松,张金川,等.渝东南渝页1井下志留统龙马溪组页岩孔隙特征及其主控因素[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):260-269.
[28]谭淋耘,徐铫,李大华,等.渝东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质条件与有利区预测[J].地质学报,2015,89(7):1308-1317.
[29]梁超,姜在兴,杨镱婷,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相及储集空间特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):691-698.
[30]康志宏,周磊,任收麦,等.柴北缘中侏罗统大煤沟组七段泥页岩储层特征[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):265-276.
[31]李娟,于炳松,夏响华,等.黔西北地区上二叠统龙潭组泥页岩储层特征[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):301-311.
[32]王永诗,王伟庆,郝运轻.济阳坳陷沾化凹陷罗家地区古近系沙河街组页岩储集特征分析[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):657-662.
[33]王敏,朱家俊,余光华,等.罗家地区泥页岩岩相特征及测井分析技术[J].测井技术,2013,37(4):426-431.
[34]宋国奇,徐兴友,李政,等.济阳坳陷古近系陆相页岩油产量的影响因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,6(3):463-471.
[35]宁方兴.济阳坳陷页岩油富集主控因素[J].石油学报,2015,36(8):905-914.
[36]李超,朱筱敏,朱世发,等.沾化凹陷罗家地区沙三下段泥页岩储层特征[J].沉积学报,2015,33(4):795-808.
[37]Montgomery S L,Jarvie D M,Bowker K A,et al.Mississippian Barnett Shale,Fort Worth basin north-central Texas:Gas-shale play with multi-trillion cubic foot potential[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2005,89(2):155-175.
[38]Modica C J,Lapierre S G.Estimation of kerogen porosity in source rocks as a function of thermal transformation:Example from the Mowry Shale in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2012,96(1):87-108.
[39]Waples D W,Marzi R W.The universality of the relationship between vitrinite reflectance and transformation ratio[J].Organic Geochemistry,1998,28(6):383-388.
[40]Hill R J,Zhang E,Katz B J.Modeling of gas generation from the Barnett Shale,Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2007,91(4):501-521.