当前的就业形势及劳动力市场表现
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摘要
我国当前劳动供给形势的根本变化主要体现为在劳动参与率下降的同时,劳动年龄人口和就业人员总量相继出现下降,这些变化意味着在需求总量不减的条件下,我国就业的主要矛盾逐步从以就业岗位不足为特征的总量矛盾转变为就业质量不高为特征的结构性矛盾,普通劳动者工资水平和就业质量提高已成为要解决的重要问题。对此,应该降低企业负担,增强市场活力,借助新兴产业优化就业结构,让高质量经济孵化出更多高质量岗位,并做好重点群体就业工作。
The fundamental changes in the current labor supply situation in China are mainly reflected in the decline of the labor participation rate with the total number of working age population and the employed persons also on the decline. These changes mean that,under the condition that the total employment demand remains unchanged,the main concerns on employment in China have changed from the insufficient number of jobs into the structural contradiction characterized by low quality of jobs, and wage levels for workers, and job quality have become an important issue to be solved. In this regard, we should reduce the burden of enterprises, enhance market vitality, optimize the employment structure by means of emerging industries so that t more high-quality jobs can be created through high quality economy, at the same time, key groups should also be targeted.
The fundamental changes in the current labor supply situation in China are mainly reflected in the decline of the labor participation rate with the total number of working age population and the employed persons also on the decline. These changes mean that,under the condition that the total employment demand remains unchanged,the main concerns on employment in China have changed from the insufficient number of jobs into the structural contradiction characterized by low quality of jobs, and wage levels for workers, and job quality have become an important issue to be solved. In this regard, we should reduce the burden of enterprises, enhance market vitality, optimize the employment structure by means of emerging industries so that t more high-quality jobs can be created through high quality economy, at the same time, key groups should also be targeted.
引文
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[3]李扬,殷剑峰.劳动力转移过程中的高储蓄、高投资和中国经济增长[J].经济研究,2005(2).
[4]人力资源和社会保障部.2017年度人力资源和社会保障事业发展统计公报,[EB/OL].http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/SYrlzyhshbzb/zwgk/szrs/tjgb/201805/t20180521_294287.html,2018.
[5]张车伟.中国人口与劳动问题报告No.19[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2018.
[6]张车伟,蔡翼飞.中国劳动供求态势变化、问题与对策[J].人口与经济,2013(4).
[7]张车伟,赵文.我国劳动报酬份额问题:基于雇员经济与自雇经济的测算与分析[J].中国社会科学,2015(12).
[8]赵文,向晶.创新经济的就业创造和就业消失[J].财经智库,2018(5).
[9]张车伟,赵文,程杰.中国大健康产业:属性、范围与规模测算[J].中国人口科学,2018(10).
[10]赵文.中国专利密集型产业2030增长预测及高质量发展思路[J].北京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2019(1).
[11]张勋,刘晓,樊纲.农业劳动力转移与家户储蓄率上升[J].经济研究,2014(4).
[12]张车伟,赵文.投资模式、国民储蓄率与劳动要素市场转变[J].南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学),2019,56(1):70-86+159-160.
[13]Lewis,W.A.Economic Development with unlimited supply of labor.The Manchester School[J].1954,22(2):139-191.