基于数字露头技术的扇三角洲前缘砂体构型特征——以库车坳陷前陆区索罕村剖面为例
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摘要
库车坳陷前陆区白垩系巴什基奇克组广泛发育扇三角洲前缘砂体,是天然气富集的有利场所。针对大北气田钻井少、井距大的特点,选取与目的层地质特征相似的典型露头剖面,利用三维激光扫描技术对其进行多方位全覆盖扫描和三维数据采集,并与人工实测地质信息和分析化验资料相结合,借助计算机模拟技术建立三维数字化地质模型,有效揭示扇三角洲前缘砂体构型特征。结果表明:研究区扇三角洲前缘砂体构型样式包括不完全叠拼式、侧拼式和孤立式3种,由于构型样式不同,砂体间连通性存在差异;砂体具有多期水下分流河道垂向叠加、大面积连续分布的特点,且河道砂体中、下部物性比底部和上部好,且以均质的中砂岩和细砂岩为最优;伴有少量河口坝和远砂坝微相沉积,砂体厚度和宽度与厚度比具有较好的负相关性;砂岩含量高,砂体间发育稳定的条带状泥岩,砂体间并非完全连通,层内和层间非均质性较强。
The sandbodies of fan delta front developed widely in Cretaceous Bashenjiqike Formation in the foreland area of Kuqa depression,which are favorable places for natural gas accumulation. In view of the situation of few drillings and large inter-well spacing in a certain gas field,a typical outcrop,which has the similar geological situation with the target stratum,was chosen to be scanned in multi-faceted and full coverage by the holographic laser scanning technology for acquiring three-dimensional data,and then a three-dimensional digital geological model was built through matching the data with the measured geological information and sampling analysis data by computer simulation technology to reveal the sandbody architecture of fan delta front effectively. The results show that the sandbody architecture types of fan delta front in the study area include three types:incomplete stacked stitching type,side stitching type and isolated type,while the sandbody connectivity are very different owing to the architecture differences. The channel sandbodies are presented as multiple underwater distributary channels stacked vertically and distributed widely,where the physical properties of the middle and lower part are better than that of the bottom and the top and the homogeneous medium sandstone and fine sandstone are the best. A few mouth bars and distal bars are also developed with a negative correlation between the sand thickness and width-thickness ratio. The sandstone content of the modeling section is high and there is stable lateral distribution of mudstone interbedded with the sandbodies. The sandbodies are not fully connected with each other and the inner-and interlayer heterogeneity is strong.
The sandbodies of fan delta front developed widely in Cretaceous Bashenjiqike Formation in the foreland area of Kuqa depression,which are favorable places for natural gas accumulation. In view of the situation of few drillings and large inter-well spacing in a certain gas field,a typical outcrop,which has the similar geological situation with the target stratum,was chosen to be scanned in multi-faceted and full coverage by the holographic laser scanning technology for acquiring three-dimensional data,and then a three-dimensional digital geological model was built through matching the data with the measured geological information and sampling analysis data by computer simulation technology to reveal the sandbody architecture of fan delta front effectively. The results show that the sandbody architecture types of fan delta front in the study area include three types:incomplete stacked stitching type,side stitching type and isolated type,while the sandbody connectivity are very different owing to the architecture differences. The channel sandbodies are presented as multiple underwater distributary channels stacked vertically and distributed widely,where the physical properties of the middle and lower part are better than that of the bottom and the top and the homogeneous medium sandstone and fine sandstone are the best. A few mouth bars and distal bars are also developed with a negative correlation between the sand thickness and width-thickness ratio. The sandstone content of the modeling section is high and there is stable lateral distribution of mudstone interbedded with the sandbodies. The sandbodies are not fully connected with each other and the inner-and interlayer heterogeneity is strong.
引文
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[2]金振奎,杨有星,尚建林,等.辫状河砂体构型及定量参数研究——以阜康、柳林和延安地区辫状河露头为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(3):311-317.Jin Zhenkui,Yang Youxing,Shang Jianlin,et al.Sandbody archi-tecture and quantitative parameters of single channel sandbodies of braided river:Case from outcrops of braided river in Fukang,Liulin and Yanan areas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(3):311-317.
[3]Bellian J A,Kerans C,Jennette D C.Digital outcrop models:applications of terrestrial scanning LIDAR technology in stratigraphic modeling[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2005,75(2):166-176.
[4]Moore J,Taylor A,Johnson C,et al.Facies analysis,reservoir characterization and LIDAR modeling of an Eocene lacustrine delta,Green River formation,southwest Uinta basin,Utah[C]//Baganz O W,Bartoy Y,Bobacs K,et al.Lacustrine sandstone reservoirs and hydrocarbon systems.AAPG Memoir95,2012:183-208.
[5]乔占峰,沈安江,郑剑锋,等.基于数字露头模型的碳酸盐岩储集层三维地质建模[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(3):328-337.Qiao Zhanfeng,Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jianfeng,et al.Three-dimensional carbonate reservoir geomodeling based on the digital outcrop model[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(3):328-337.
[6]贺正军,吴珍珍,阳孝法,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系扇三角洲层序特征及砾岩油藏分布规律[J].地质科学,2013,48(1):191-203.He Zhengjun,Wu Zhenzhen,Yang Xiaofa,et al.Sequences and conglomerate reserves distribution of the Permian fan-delta in the northwest margin of Junggar Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2013,48(1):191-203.
[7]袁晓光,李维锋,张宝露,等.玛北斜坡百口泉组沉积相与有利储层分布[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(3):70-73.Yuan Xiaoguang,Li Weifeng,Zhang Baolu,et al.Sedimentary facies and favorable reservoir distribution in Baikouquan Fm in Mabei Slope[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(3):70-73.
[8]胡涛,张柏桥,舒志国.库车坳陷白垩系一个扇三角洲准层序的结构特征[J].矿物岩石,2003,23(2):87-89.Hu Tao,Zhang Boqiao,Shu Zhiguo.The structural characters of a fan-delta penesequence of Cretaceous,Kuche Depression[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2003,23(2):87-89.
[9]王珏,陈欢庆,周俊杰,等.扇三角洲前缘储层构型表征——以辽河西部凹陷于楼为例[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(2):20-28.Wang Jue,Chen Huanqing,Zhou Junjie,et al.Configuration characterization of the fan-delta-front reservoirs-taking Yulou oil layers in West Liaohe Sag as a case[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(2):20-28.
[10]高志勇,郭宏莉,安海亭,等.库车坳陷东部山前带古近系不同体系域内扇三角洲沉积砂体的对比研究[J].地质科学,2008,43(4):758-776.Gao Zhiyong,Guo Hongli,An Haiting,et al.Paleogene fan-delta sandbodies of different system tracts in foreland of the eastern Kuqa Depression:A comparative study[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2008,43(4):758-776.
[11]Ma Benben,Cao Yingchang,Wang Yanzhong,et al.Diagenetic evolution and its effect on reservoir-quality of fan delta sandstones during progressive burial:Evidence from the upper part of the fourth member of Shahejie formation,Bonan sag,Jiyang depression[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,(22):3 042-3 058.
[12]刘卫,路智勇,牛栓文.东辛油田营13断块辫状河储层构型模式[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(4):33-37.Liu Wei,Lu Zhiyong,Niu Shuanwen.An architecture model of braided river reservoir in Ying-13 fault block of Dongxin oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(4):33-37.
[13]吴吉元,冯琳,刘树平,等.鄂尔多斯盆地宜君地区长3油层组沉积体系及砂体展布[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(5):575-581.Wu Jiyuan,Feng Lin,Liu Shuping,et al.Depositional system and sand body distribution in the third member of the Yanchang Formation in the Yijun area in the southern Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2015,37(5):575-581.
[14]王石,万琼华,陈玉琨,等.基于辫状河储层构型的流动单元划分及其分布规律[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(5):47-51,68.Wang Shi,Wan Qionghua,Chen Yukun,et al.Flow units division and their distribution law based on braided river reservoir architecture[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(5):47-51,68.
[15]张友,侯加根,曹彦清,等.基于构型单元的储层质量分布模式——以胜坨油田二区沙二段8砂组厚层河口坝砂体为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(5):862-872.Zhang You,Hou Jiagen,Cao Yanqing,et al.Distribution patterns of reservoir quality based on configuration unit of mouth bar sandbody:A case study from the 8thsand group of the 2ndmember of the Shahejie Formation in Shenger Block of Shentuo oilfield,East China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(5):862-872.
[16]乔雨朋,邵先杰,接敬涛,等.远源砂质辫状河储层构型及控制因素——以秦皇岛32-6油田为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(1):46-52.Qiao Yupeng,Shao Xianjie,Jie Jingtao,et al.Architecture analysis and controlling factor on far source sandy braided river reservoir-A case study of Qinhuangdao32-6 oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(1):46-52.
[17]Mail A D.Architectural-element analysis:a new method of facies applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1985,22(4):261-308.
[18]葛云龙,逯径铁,廖保方,等.辫状河相储集层地质模型——“泛连通体”[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(5):77-79.Ge Yunlong,Lu Jingtie,Liao Baofang,et al.A braided river reservoir geological model-“pan communicated sandbody”[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(5):77-79.