基于无人机倾斜摄影的三维数字露头表征技术
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摘要
随着地质研究目标精细化和复杂化,地质体表征的尺度越来越小,难度越来越大,已有储层分布及预测的方法亟待改进。基于此,在分析传统野外地质考察局限性的基础上,介绍了无人机装置与倾斜摄影的技术特点,提出了基于无人机倾斜摄影的三维数字露头表征技术,利用无人机采集野外露头模型进行了储层构型分析。研究表明:1)传统野外地质考察至少有七方面的局限性;2)无人机倾斜摄影有明显的创新性和技术优势。采集处理后的数据模型带有三维坐标信息(经度、纬度、海拔)与图像信息,可以准确表征模型中任意位置点坐标和图像,因此,三维野外露头构型分析有了良好的资料基础;3)通过实例分析发现,采集处理后的模型精度高(分辨率约3~5 cm),对砂体内部结构认识的定量化与精细化程度增高。无人机倾斜摄影技术不仅使数字露头成为现实,也是辅助地质学家进行高效野外考察的可靠技术。
With the fine and complicate target of geological study,the scale of the geological body characterization is smaller and more difficult. Reservoir distribution patterns and the existing prediction methods need to be improved.This paper reviews the traditional limitations of field geological investigation,and introduced technical features of unmanned aerial vehicle( UAV) and oblique photography,based on which it is proposed that the 3 D digital outcrop characterization technique with UAV oblique photography. Subsequently,reservoir architecture patterns are analyzed by UAV collection model for instance. Research shows that seven aspects of the limitations of traditional geological investigation. However,UAV oblique photography has obvious technology advantages and innovative aspects. The collection and processing 3 D digital model have anywhere location coordinate and image information,which fully meet the field outcrop architecture analysis. Example analysis found that collection and processing model architecture analysis of high resolution about 3 ~ 5 centimeter,architecture of sand body was researched more quantitatively and fine understanding. UAV oblique photography technology not only make digital outcrop to become a reality,but also to improve efficiency of geologists field outcrop investigation.
With the fine and complicate target of geological study,the scale of the geological body characterization is smaller and more difficult. Reservoir distribution patterns and the existing prediction methods need to be improved.This paper reviews the traditional limitations of field geological investigation,and introduced technical features of unmanned aerial vehicle( UAV) and oblique photography,based on which it is proposed that the 3 D digital outcrop characterization technique with UAV oblique photography. Subsequently,reservoir architecture patterns are analyzed by UAV collection model for instance. Research shows that seven aspects of the limitations of traditional geological investigation. However,UAV oblique photography has obvious technology advantages and innovative aspects. The collection and processing 3 D digital model have anywhere location coordinate and image information,which fully meet the field outcrop architecture analysis. Example analysis found that collection and processing model architecture analysis of high resolution about 3 ~ 5 centimeter,architecture of sand body was researched more quantitatively and fine understanding. UAV oblique photography technology not only make digital outcrop to become a reality,but also to improve efficiency of geologists field outcrop investigation.
引文
[1]李阳,吴胜和,侯加根,等.油气藏开发地质研究进展与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(4):569-579.[Li Yang,Wu Shenghe,Hou Jiagen,et al.Progress and prospects of reservoir development geology[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(4):569-579.]
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[8]印森林,刘忠保,陈燕辉,等.冲积扇研究现状及沉积模拟实验:以碎屑流和辫状河共同控制的冲积扇为例[J].沉积学报,2017,35(1):10-23.[Yin Senlin,Liu Zhongbao,Chen Yanhui,et al.Research progress and sedimentation experiment simulation about alluvial fan:A case study on alluvial fan controlled by debris flow and braided river[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,35(1):10-23.]
[9]印森林,吴胜和,许长福,等.砂砾质辫状河沉积露头渗流地质差异分析:以准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系克上组露头为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(2):286-293.[Yin Senlin,Wu Shenghe,Xu Changfu,et al.Percolation differences of sedimentary outcrop in sand-gravel braided river:A case study of Triassic upper Karamay Formation outcrop in the northwest edge of Junggar Basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(2):286-293.]
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[11]Posamentier H W.Depositional elements associated with a basin floor channel-levee system:case study from the gulf of Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20(6/7/8):677-690.
[12]Posamentier H W,Davies R J,Cartwright J A,et al.Seismic geomorphology:an overview[M]//Davies R J,Posamentier H W,Wood L J,et al.Seismic geomorphology:applications to hydrocarbon exploration and production.London:Geological Society,Special Publications,2007:1-14.
[13]Morend D,Pugin A,Gorin G E.High-resolution seismic imaging of outcrop-scale channels and an incised-valley system within the fluvial-dominated Lower Freshwater Molasse(Aquitanian,western Swiss Molasse Basin)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2002,149(4):245-264.
[14]杨陆强,果霖,朱加繁,等.我国农用无人机发展概况与展望[J].农机化研究,2017,39(8):6-11.[Yang Luqiang,Guo Lin,Zhu Jiafan,et al.The development situation and prospect of agricultural UAV in China[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(8):6-11.]
[15]包战,王树文.有人/无人机协同作战能力生成问题研究[J].国防科技,2017,38(3):76-79.[Bao Zhan,Wang Shuwen.Research on generating the cooperative operational ability of the manned/unmanned aerial vehicles[J].National Defense Science&Technology,2017,38(3):76-79.]
[16]弥永宏,张雪萍,李英杰.基于倾斜摄影的三维城市建模研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2017,40(1):215-217.[Mi Yonghong,Zhang Xueping,Li Yingjie.Research on 3D city modeling based on oblique photography[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2017,40(1):215-217.]
[17]毕凯,李英成,丁晓波,等.轻小型无人机航摄技术现状及发展趋势[J].测绘通报,2015(3):27-31,48.[Bi Kai,Li Yingcheng,Ding Xiaobo,et al.Aerial photogrammetric technology of light small UAV:status and trend of development[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2015(3):27-31,48.]
[18]王涵.无人机航迹规划及导航定位系统研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.[Wang Han.Research on the path planning and positioning navigation system of UAV[J].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.]
[19]史文中,曹辉,张剑清.基于高分辨率影像的城市三维建模[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(9):783-787.[Shi Wenzhong,Cao Hui,Zhang Jianqing.3D urban building modeling based on high resolution satellite images[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2004,29(9):783-787.]
[20]孙亮,夏永华.基于无人机倾斜摄影技术测绘大比例尺地形图的可行性研究[J].价值工程,2017,36(8):209-212.[Sun Liang,Xia Yonghua.The feasibility study of mapping large-scale topographic based on UAV oblique photography[J].Value Engineering,2017,36(8):209-212.]
[21]周晓波,王军,周伟.基于无人机倾斜摄影快速建模方法研究[J].现代测绘,2017,40(1):40-42.[Zhou Xiaobo,Wang Jun,Zhou Wei.Research on rapid modeling method based on UAV oblique photography[J].Modern Surveying and Mapping,2017,40(1):40-42.]
[22]朱如凯,白斌,袁选俊,等.利用数字露头模型技术对曲流河三角洲沉积储层特征的研究[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):867-877.[Zhu Rukai,Bai Bin,Yuan Xuanjun,et al.A new approach for outcrop characterization and geostatistical analysis of meandering channels sandbodies within a delta plain setting using digital outcrop models:upper Triassic Yanchang tight sandstone formation,Yanhe outcrop,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):867-877.]
[2]Zeng H L,Loucks R G,Frank Brown L Jr.Mapping sediment-dispersal patterns and associated systems tracts in fourth-and fifth-order sequences using seismic sedimentology:example from Corpus Christi Bay,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(7):981-1003.
[3]于兴河,李胜利,李顺利.三角洲沉积的结构:成因分类与编图方法[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):782-797.[Yu Xinghe,Li Shengli,Li Shunli.Texture-genetic classifications and mapping methods for deltaic deposits[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):782-797.]
[4]朱筱敏,刘媛,方庆,等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式:以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):89-99.[Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Yuan,Fang Qing,et al.Formation and sedimentary model of shallow delta in large-scale lake:Example from Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Sanzhao sag,Songliao Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):89-99.]
[5]Miall A D.The geology of fluvial deposits[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer Verlag,1996:75-178.
[6]吴胜和,纪友亮,岳大力,等.碎屑沉积地质体构型分级方案探讨[J].高校地质学报,2013,19(1):12-22.[Wu Shenghe,Ji Youliang,Yue Dali,et al.Discussion on hierarchical scheme of architectural units in clastic deposits[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2013,19(1):12-22.]
[7]印森林,陈恭洋,戴春明,等.河口坝内部储层构型及剩余油分布特征:以大港油田枣南断块长轴缓坡辫状河三角洲为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(4):630-639.[Yin Senlin,Chen Gongyang,Dai Chunming,et al.Reservoir architecture and remaining oil distribution in mouth bar:A case study on the braided delta of long-axis gentle slope in Zaonan fault block of Dagang oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(4):630-639.]
[8]印森林,刘忠保,陈燕辉,等.冲积扇研究现状及沉积模拟实验:以碎屑流和辫状河共同控制的冲积扇为例[J].沉积学报,2017,35(1):10-23.[Yin Senlin,Liu Zhongbao,Chen Yanhui,et al.Research progress and sedimentation experiment simulation about alluvial fan:A case study on alluvial fan controlled by debris flow and braided river[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,35(1):10-23.]
[9]印森林,吴胜和,许长福,等.砂砾质辫状河沉积露头渗流地质差异分析:以准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系克上组露头为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(2):286-293.[Yin Senlin,Wu Shenghe,Xu Changfu,et al.Percolation differences of sedimentary outcrop in sand-gravel braided river:A case study of Triassic upper Karamay Formation outcrop in the northwest edge of Junggar Basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(2):286-293.]
[10]印森林,吴胜和,陈恭洋,等.基于砂砾质辫状河沉积露头隔夹层研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(4):29-36.[Yin Senlin,Wu Shenghe,Chen Gongyang,et al.A study on intercalation of sand-gravel braided river deposit based on outcrop section[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2014,36(4):29-36.]
[11]Posamentier H W.Depositional elements associated with a basin floor channel-levee system:case study from the gulf of Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20(6/7/8):677-690.
[12]Posamentier H W,Davies R J,Cartwright J A,et al.Seismic geomorphology:an overview[M]//Davies R J,Posamentier H W,Wood L J,et al.Seismic geomorphology:applications to hydrocarbon exploration and production.London:Geological Society,Special Publications,2007:1-14.
[13]Morend D,Pugin A,Gorin G E.High-resolution seismic imaging of outcrop-scale channels and an incised-valley system within the fluvial-dominated Lower Freshwater Molasse(Aquitanian,western Swiss Molasse Basin)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2002,149(4):245-264.
[14]杨陆强,果霖,朱加繁,等.我国农用无人机发展概况与展望[J].农机化研究,2017,39(8):6-11.[Yang Luqiang,Guo Lin,Zhu Jiafan,et al.The development situation and prospect of agricultural UAV in China[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(8):6-11.]
[15]包战,王树文.有人/无人机协同作战能力生成问题研究[J].国防科技,2017,38(3):76-79.[Bao Zhan,Wang Shuwen.Research on generating the cooperative operational ability of the manned/unmanned aerial vehicles[J].National Defense Science&Technology,2017,38(3):76-79.]
[16]弥永宏,张雪萍,李英杰.基于倾斜摄影的三维城市建模研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2017,40(1):215-217.[Mi Yonghong,Zhang Xueping,Li Yingjie.Research on 3D city modeling based on oblique photography[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2017,40(1):215-217.]
[17]毕凯,李英成,丁晓波,等.轻小型无人机航摄技术现状及发展趋势[J].测绘通报,2015(3):27-31,48.[Bi Kai,Li Yingcheng,Ding Xiaobo,et al.Aerial photogrammetric technology of light small UAV:status and trend of development[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2015(3):27-31,48.]
[18]王涵.无人机航迹规划及导航定位系统研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.[Wang Han.Research on the path planning and positioning navigation system of UAV[J].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.]
[19]史文中,曹辉,张剑清.基于高分辨率影像的城市三维建模[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(9):783-787.[Shi Wenzhong,Cao Hui,Zhang Jianqing.3D urban building modeling based on high resolution satellite images[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2004,29(9):783-787.]
[20]孙亮,夏永华.基于无人机倾斜摄影技术测绘大比例尺地形图的可行性研究[J].价值工程,2017,36(8):209-212.[Sun Liang,Xia Yonghua.The feasibility study of mapping large-scale topographic based on UAV oblique photography[J].Value Engineering,2017,36(8):209-212.]
[21]周晓波,王军,周伟.基于无人机倾斜摄影快速建模方法研究[J].现代测绘,2017,40(1):40-42.[Zhou Xiaobo,Wang Jun,Zhou Wei.Research on rapid modeling method based on UAV oblique photography[J].Modern Surveying and Mapping,2017,40(1):40-42.]
[22]朱如凯,白斌,袁选俊,等.利用数字露头模型技术对曲流河三角洲沉积储层特征的研究[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):867-877.[Zhu Rukai,Bai Bin,Yuan Xuanjun,et al.A new approach for outcrop characterization and geostatistical analysis of meandering channels sandbodies within a delta plain setting using digital outcrop models:upper Triassic Yanchang tight sandstone formation,Yanhe outcrop,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):867-877.]