倾斜摄影测量构建地质数字露头
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摘要
随着地质研究目标趋向于精细化和复杂化,传统的地质考察手段难以获取地质露头精细化的表征参数。多旋翼无人机和单反相机具有良好的机动性和适应性,可以提供多视角的地质露头影像,倾斜摄影测量技术构建的实景三维模型可以提供精确的三维坐标。利用多旋翼无人机和单反相机采集新疆一间房、断溶体两处地质露头影像,通过倾斜摄影测量技术对两种手段采集的多视角影像进行一体化处理,构建三维数字露头辅助地质考察工作。实践表明:(1)无人机搭载相机适用于大范围的可飞区,单反相机适用于岩溶缝洞、狭窄地带等无人机不易操控区域进行影像采集工作;(2)可以根据不同需要、不同地形选择合适设备灵活采集影像,构建的三维数字露头生动形象,最高分辨率可达毫米级,能够还原野外真实场景,实现地质现象解译的精细化和定量化。
As the goal of geological research tends to be refined and complicated,it is difficult to obtain the characterization parameters of geological outcrop refinement by the traditional means of geological investigations.Multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and single lens reflex(SLR)cameras of good maneuverability and adaptability can provide geological outcrop images with multiple viewing angles,and also the real-time 3Dmodels constructed by oblique photogrammetry technology can provide accurate 3Dcoordinates.In this paper,multi-rotor UAV and SLR cameras are used to collect two geological outcrop images of Yijiafang and Duanrongti in Xinjiang.The multi-view images collected by the two means are integrated by oblique photogrammetry technology to construct a three-dimensional digital outcrop to assist geological investigations.Practical operation of the cameras shows the following effects.(1)The UAV-equipped camera is suitable for a wide range of fly-by zones,and the SLR camera is suitable for image collection in areas where the drone is difficult to control,such as karst stitching holes and narrow areas.(2)People can select appropriate equipment to collect images flexibly according to different needs and different terrains.The constructed three-dimensional digital outcrop images are vivid,with the highest resolution up to millimeter-level,which can restore the real scenes in the field and realize the refinement and quantification of geological phenomena interpretation.
As the goal of geological research tends to be refined and complicated,it is difficult to obtain the characterization parameters of geological outcrop refinement by the traditional means of geological investigations.Multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and single lens reflex(SLR)cameras of good maneuverability and adaptability can provide geological outcrop images with multiple viewing angles,and also the real-time 3Dmodels constructed by oblique photogrammetry technology can provide accurate 3Dcoordinates.In this paper,multi-rotor UAV and SLR cameras are used to collect two geological outcrop images of Yijiafang and Duanrongti in Xinjiang.The multi-view images collected by the two means are integrated by oblique photogrammetry technology to construct a three-dimensional digital outcrop to assist geological investigations.Practical operation of the cameras shows the following effects.(1)The UAV-equipped camera is suitable for a wide range of fly-by zones,and the SLR camera is suitable for image collection in areas where the drone is difficult to control,such as karst stitching holes and narrow areas.(2)People can select appropriate equipment to collect images flexibly according to different needs and different terrains.The constructed three-dimensional digital outcrop images are vivid,with the highest resolution up to millimeter-level,which can restore the real scenes in the field and realize the refinement and quantification of geological phenomena interpretation.
引文
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[2]王帅永,唐川,何敬,等.无人机在强震区地质灾害精细调查中的应用研究[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(4):713-719.
[3]张亮,那晓东,刘知,等.基于国产GF-2卫星影像的遥感地质解译:以阿吾拉勒地区为例[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(2):233-240.
[4] Cawood Adam J,Bond Clare E,Howell John A,et al.LiDAR,UAV or compass-clinometer? Accuracy,coverage and the effects on structural models[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2017,98:67-82.
[5] Qiao Zhanfeng,Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jiangfeng,et al.Three-dimensional carbonate reservoir geomodeling based on the digital outcrop model[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(3):328-337.
[6] Amerigo C,Stefano T,Mario R,et al.Quantitative analysis of folds by means of or thore ctified photo grammetric 3D models:A case study from Mt.Catria,Northern Apennines,Italy[J].Photogramm Record,2017,32:480-96.
[7] Santiago M,Hodei U,Josep P,et al.Construction of accurate geological cross-sections along trenches,cliffs and mountain slopes using photogrammetry[J].Computers and Geosciences,2013,51:90-100.
[8]曹良中,陈曦,杨辽,等.基于倾斜影像的三维城市自动建模[J].测绘科学,2017,42(1):124-130.
[9]毕凯,李英成,丁晓波,等.轻小型无人机航摄技术现状及发展趋势[J].测绘通报,2015(3):27-31,48.
[10]吴波涛,张煜,李凌霄,等.基于多旋翼单镜头无人机的三维建模技术[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(11):99-103.
[11]田雷,马然.无人机非量测相机检校方法研究[J].测绘通报,2016(7):81-83.
[12]崔红霞,孙杰,林宗坚,等.非量测数码相机的畸变差检测研究[J].测绘科学,2005,30(1):105-107.
[13]冯文灏.近景摄影测量:物体外形与运动状态的摄影法测定[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002.
[14]杨润书,马燕燕,殷海舟.低空无人机航摄系统地面分辨率与航高的关系研究[J].地矿测绘,2013,29(3):1-2,8.