灾难记忆的媒介建构研究述评
|
摘要
在传播技术高度发达的社会,大众媒介成为我们认知灾难记忆的重要媒介之一,媒介对灾难记忆的建构话题也日益成为学界讨论的热点。这些研究主要聚焦于媒介生产出来的记忆文本,在主题上以自然灾害记忆与战争记忆的建构居多,在建构手法上着重于灾难记忆的再现与重塑,在研究走向上侧重于灾难记忆的数字化,而整体研究则呈现出重文本轻效果、突出个案研究轻宏观关照的特点。
In the highly developed society of communication technology,mass media has become one of the most important media for us to recognize disaster memory. Media's construction of disaster memory is becoming a hot topic in academic circles. These studies mainly focus on the memory text produced by the media in the theme of the memory of natural disasters and the memory of war. The construction technique focuses on the reconstruction and remolding of disaster memory. The direction of research focuses on the digitization of disaster memory. In general,the feature of these studies is that the text and the case study are more stressed than the effect and the macroscopic concern.
In the highly developed society of communication technology,mass media has become one of the most important media for us to recognize disaster memory. Media's construction of disaster memory is becoming a hot topic in academic circles. These studies mainly focus on the memory text produced by the media in the theme of the memory of natural disasters and the memory of war. The construction technique focuses on the reconstruction and remolding of disaster memory. The direction of research focuses on the digitization of disaster memory. In general,the feature of these studies is that the text and the case study are more stressed than the effect and the macroscopic concern.
引文
[1]莫里斯.哈布瓦赫.论集体记忆[M].毕然,等,郭金华.上海:上海世纪出版集团,2002:222-230.
[2]Pierre Nora.Between Memory and History:Les Lieus DE Memoire[J].Representations.1989(1):7-25.
[3]杰弗里.C.亚历山大.迈向文化创伤理论[C].王志弘,译.∥陶东风,周宪.文化研究(第11辑).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2011:11,28.
[4]樱井龙彦.论灾害民俗学[C].陈爱国,译.∥王晓葵,何彬.现代日本民俗学的理论与方法.北京:学苑出版社,2010:385-404.
[5]李建平.一个抗日城市的灾难与战斗的文学记忆[J].抗战文学研究,2007,(9):208-221.
[6]徐新建.多难兴邦与灾难记忆——地震展馆中的文化重建[J].中外文化与文论,2010,(24):2-17.
[7]夏明方.灾难记忆与政治话语的变迁——以文史资料中的灾害记述为中心[N].中华读书报,2015-01-28(13).
[8]洪淑苓.歌仔册中的灾难事件与集体记忆——以“中部地震歌”为例[J].民间文化论坛,2015,(3):48-59.
[9]杜辉.后战争时代的博物馆、记忆与空间:以中英两座博物馆为例[J].东南文化,2015,(5):100-106.
[10]邓绍辉.设立国家纪念日的原因及意义[J].西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015,(6):65-68.
[11]王晓葵.国家权力、丧葬习俗与公共记忆空间[J].民俗研究,2008,(2):5-25.
[12]王晓葵.灾害文化的中日比较:以地震灾害记忆空间构建为例[J].云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013,(6):47-55.
[13]Wolf Kansteiner.Finding Meaning in Memory:A Methodological Critique of Collective Memory Studies[J].History and Theory,2002,41(2):179-197.
[14]Lang Kurt,Gladys E Lang.Collective Memory and the News[J].Communication,1989,(11):123-39.
[15]Edy,Jill A.Journalistic Uses of Collective Memory[J].Journal of Communication,1999,49(2):71-85.
[16]杨琴,尹秀婉.历史记忆的新闻表达:十七年间中国主流媒体对民国图景的建构[J].四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015,(6):43.
[17]Kitzinger J.Media Templates:Patterns of Association and the Construction of Meaning over Time[J].Media,Culture&Society,2000,22(1):61-84.
[18]大卫·格罗斯.逝去的时间:论晚期现代文化中的记忆与遗忘[C].和磊,译.∥陶东风,周宪.文化研究(第11辑).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2011:54.
[19]Astrid Erll.Memory in Culture[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2011:113.
[20]王晓葵.灾害记忆图式与社会变迁——谁的唐山大地震[C]∥孙江.新史学(第八卷).北京:中华书局,2014:119-143.
[21]邱月.当代灾难记忆——“512地震”的叙事学反思[J].民间文化论坛.2008,(12):78-82.
[22]Escobar&Demeritt.Flooding and the Framing of Risk in British Broadsheets,1985—2010[J].History&Philosophy Of Science,2012,(10):1-29.
[23]Chiaoning Su.One Earthquake,Two Tales:Narrative Analysis of the Tenth Anniversary Coverage of the 921Earthquake in Taiwan[J].Media,Culture&Society,2012,(3):280-295.
[24]黄月琴.心灵鸡汤与灾难叙事的情感规训——传媒的社交网络实践批判[J].武汉大学学报(人文科学版).2016,(9):114-118.
[25]Wheeler Winston Dixon.Disaster and Memory:Celebrity Culture and the Crisis of Hollywood Cinema[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1999:1-15.
[26]朱晶.灾难记忆:心灵的创痛与洗礼[J].电影文学,2009,(9):5.
[27]王一川,等.众评《唐山大地震》[J].电影艺术,2010,(5):20-26.
[28]余霞.历史记忆的传媒表达及其社会框架[J].武汉大学学报(人文社科版),2007,(2):254-258.
[29]Tobias Ebbrecht,Docudramatizing History on TV:German and British Kocudrama and Historical Event Television in the Memorial Year 2005[J],European Journal of Cultural Studies,2007,(10):35.
[30]David Williams,Media,Memory and the First World War[M],Montreal:Mc Gill-Queen's University Press,2009:48.
[31]Coble P.M,The Legacy of China's Wartime Reporting,1937-1945:Can the Past Serve the Present?[J]Modern China,2010,36(4):435-460.
[32]李红涛,黄顺铭.耻化叙事与文化创伤的建构:人民日报南京大屠杀(1949-2012)的内容分析[J].新闻与传播研究,2014,(1):37-54.
[33]黄月琴,王文岳.抵抗与创伤:抗日战争历史的媒介记忆偏向[J].当代传播,2016,(3):63-65.
[34]Harvey Peskin,Memory and Media:”Cases”of Rigoberta Menchu and Binjamin Wilkomirski[J],Society,2000,38(1):39-46.
[35]Zandberg,Eyal.The Right to Tell the(right)Story:Journalism,Authority and Memory[J]Media,Culture&Society,2010,32(1):5-24.
[36]Edy,Jill A.and Miglena Daradanova.Reporting the Present Through the Lens of the Past:From Challenger to Columbia[J].Journalism:Theory,Practice and Criticism2006,7(2):131.
[37]Somerstein,R.Newspapers Commemorate 11 September:A Cross-cultural Investigation[J],Journalism,2015,16(3):359-375.
[38]夏春祥.在传播的迷雾中:二二八事件的媒体印象与社会记忆[M].台北:韦伯文化出版,2007:58.
[39]范可.灾难的仪式意义与历史记忆[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,(1):28-39.
[40]Jessica Peyton.Attentional Biases in Traumatic Media Images[EB/OL].(2004-05-21)[2017-08-05].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237464713_Attentional_Biases_in_Traumatic_Media_Images.
[41]Jose Van Dijck.Mediated Memories in the Digital Age[M].Stanford,CA:Stanford Univeisity Press,2007:xvi.
[42]Jose Van Dijck.Digital Photography:Communication,Identity,Memory[J].Visual Communication,2008,7(1):57-76.
[43]邵鹏.记忆4.0:数字记忆与人类记忆的归宿[J].新闻大学,2016,(5):67-72.
[44]安德鲁·霍斯金斯.连结性转向之后的媒介、战争与记忆[J].李红涛,译.探索与争鸣,2015,(7):106-114.
[45]黄帅.灾难记忆如何进入历史叙述[N].中国青年报.2016-07-29(2).
[46]Chiaoning Su and Paige L.Gibson,Digitizing the Memorial:Institutional and Vernacular Remembrances of the Taiwanese 921 Earthquake and Typhoon Morakot[C]∥Andrea Hajek,Christine Lohmeier,Christian Pentzold.Memory in a mediated world:Remembrance and Reconstruction.London:Palgrave Macmillan,2016:74-89.
[47]Helene Dounaevsky.Building Wiki-History:Between Conseuaua and Edit Warring[C]∥Ellen Rutten,Julie Fedor,Vera Zvereva.Memory,Conflict and New Media:Web Wars in Post-socialist States.Milton Park,Abingdon,Oxen:Routledge,2013:58.
[48]黄顺铭,李红涛.在线集体记忆的协作性书写[J].新闻与传播研究.2015,(1):5-23.
[49]Winter,J.Sites of memory[C]∥Radstone S,Schwarz B.Memory:Histories,Theories,Debates.New York:Fordham University Press,2010:312–24.
[50]Connerton,P.Seven Types of Forgetting[J].Memory Studies,2008,1(1):59~71.
[51]胡悦.危机传播中的数字化魔咒:以食品安全报道为例[J].当代传播.2016,(3):45-47.
[52]Garde-Hansen J,Mc Ewen L J,Jones O.Towards a Memotechno-ecology:Mediating Memories of Extreme Flooding in Resilient Communities[C]∥Andrea Hajek,Christine Lohmeierm,Christian Pentzold.Memory in a Mediated World:Remembrance and Reconstruction.London:Palgrave Macmillan,2016:55-74.
[2]Pierre Nora.Between Memory and History:Les Lieus DE Memoire[J].Representations.1989(1):7-25.
[3]杰弗里.C.亚历山大.迈向文化创伤理论[C].王志弘,译.∥陶东风,周宪.文化研究(第11辑).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2011:11,28.
[4]樱井龙彦.论灾害民俗学[C].陈爱国,译.∥王晓葵,何彬.现代日本民俗学的理论与方法.北京:学苑出版社,2010:385-404.
[5]李建平.一个抗日城市的灾难与战斗的文学记忆[J].抗战文学研究,2007,(9):208-221.
[6]徐新建.多难兴邦与灾难记忆——地震展馆中的文化重建[J].中外文化与文论,2010,(24):2-17.
[7]夏明方.灾难记忆与政治话语的变迁——以文史资料中的灾害记述为中心[N].中华读书报,2015-01-28(13).
[8]洪淑苓.歌仔册中的灾难事件与集体记忆——以“中部地震歌”为例[J].民间文化论坛,2015,(3):48-59.
[9]杜辉.后战争时代的博物馆、记忆与空间:以中英两座博物馆为例[J].东南文化,2015,(5):100-106.
[10]邓绍辉.设立国家纪念日的原因及意义[J].西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015,(6):65-68.
[11]王晓葵.国家权力、丧葬习俗与公共记忆空间[J].民俗研究,2008,(2):5-25.
[12]王晓葵.灾害文化的中日比较:以地震灾害记忆空间构建为例[J].云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013,(6):47-55.
[13]Wolf Kansteiner.Finding Meaning in Memory:A Methodological Critique of Collective Memory Studies[J].History and Theory,2002,41(2):179-197.
[14]Lang Kurt,Gladys E Lang.Collective Memory and the News[J].Communication,1989,(11):123-39.
[15]Edy,Jill A.Journalistic Uses of Collective Memory[J].Journal of Communication,1999,49(2):71-85.
[16]杨琴,尹秀婉.历史记忆的新闻表达:十七年间中国主流媒体对民国图景的建构[J].四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015,(6):43.
[17]Kitzinger J.Media Templates:Patterns of Association and the Construction of Meaning over Time[J].Media,Culture&Society,2000,22(1):61-84.
[18]大卫·格罗斯.逝去的时间:论晚期现代文化中的记忆与遗忘[C].和磊,译.∥陶东风,周宪.文化研究(第11辑).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2011:54.
[19]Astrid Erll.Memory in Culture[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2011:113.
[20]王晓葵.灾害记忆图式与社会变迁——谁的唐山大地震[C]∥孙江.新史学(第八卷).北京:中华书局,2014:119-143.
[21]邱月.当代灾难记忆——“512地震”的叙事学反思[J].民间文化论坛.2008,(12):78-82.
[22]Escobar&Demeritt.Flooding and the Framing of Risk in British Broadsheets,1985—2010[J].History&Philosophy Of Science,2012,(10):1-29.
[23]Chiaoning Su.One Earthquake,Two Tales:Narrative Analysis of the Tenth Anniversary Coverage of the 921Earthquake in Taiwan[J].Media,Culture&Society,2012,(3):280-295.
[24]黄月琴.心灵鸡汤与灾难叙事的情感规训——传媒的社交网络实践批判[J].武汉大学学报(人文科学版).2016,(9):114-118.
[25]Wheeler Winston Dixon.Disaster and Memory:Celebrity Culture and the Crisis of Hollywood Cinema[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1999:1-15.
[26]朱晶.灾难记忆:心灵的创痛与洗礼[J].电影文学,2009,(9):5.
[27]王一川,等.众评《唐山大地震》[J].电影艺术,2010,(5):20-26.
[28]余霞.历史记忆的传媒表达及其社会框架[J].武汉大学学报(人文社科版),2007,(2):254-258.
[29]Tobias Ebbrecht,Docudramatizing History on TV:German and British Kocudrama and Historical Event Television in the Memorial Year 2005[J],European Journal of Cultural Studies,2007,(10):35.
[30]David Williams,Media,Memory and the First World War[M],Montreal:Mc Gill-Queen's University Press,2009:48.
[31]Coble P.M,The Legacy of China's Wartime Reporting,1937-1945:Can the Past Serve the Present?[J]Modern China,2010,36(4):435-460.
[32]李红涛,黄顺铭.耻化叙事与文化创伤的建构:人民日报南京大屠杀(1949-2012)的内容分析[J].新闻与传播研究,2014,(1):37-54.
[33]黄月琴,王文岳.抵抗与创伤:抗日战争历史的媒介记忆偏向[J].当代传播,2016,(3):63-65.
[34]Harvey Peskin,Memory and Media:”Cases”of Rigoberta Menchu and Binjamin Wilkomirski[J],Society,2000,38(1):39-46.
[35]Zandberg,Eyal.The Right to Tell the(right)Story:Journalism,Authority and Memory[J]Media,Culture&Society,2010,32(1):5-24.
[36]Edy,Jill A.and Miglena Daradanova.Reporting the Present Through the Lens of the Past:From Challenger to Columbia[J].Journalism:Theory,Practice and Criticism2006,7(2):131.
[37]Somerstein,R.Newspapers Commemorate 11 September:A Cross-cultural Investigation[J],Journalism,2015,16(3):359-375.
[38]夏春祥.在传播的迷雾中:二二八事件的媒体印象与社会记忆[M].台北:韦伯文化出版,2007:58.
[39]范可.灾难的仪式意义与历史记忆[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,(1):28-39.
[40]Jessica Peyton.Attentional Biases in Traumatic Media Images[EB/OL].(2004-05-21)[2017-08-05].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237464713_Attentional_Biases_in_Traumatic_Media_Images.
[41]Jose Van Dijck.Mediated Memories in the Digital Age[M].Stanford,CA:Stanford Univeisity Press,2007:xvi.
[42]Jose Van Dijck.Digital Photography:Communication,Identity,Memory[J].Visual Communication,2008,7(1):57-76.
[43]邵鹏.记忆4.0:数字记忆与人类记忆的归宿[J].新闻大学,2016,(5):67-72.
[44]安德鲁·霍斯金斯.连结性转向之后的媒介、战争与记忆[J].李红涛,译.探索与争鸣,2015,(7):106-114.
[45]黄帅.灾难记忆如何进入历史叙述[N].中国青年报.2016-07-29(2).
[46]Chiaoning Su and Paige L.Gibson,Digitizing the Memorial:Institutional and Vernacular Remembrances of the Taiwanese 921 Earthquake and Typhoon Morakot[C]∥Andrea Hajek,Christine Lohmeier,Christian Pentzold.Memory in a mediated world:Remembrance and Reconstruction.London:Palgrave Macmillan,2016:74-89.
[47]Helene Dounaevsky.Building Wiki-History:Between Conseuaua and Edit Warring[C]∥Ellen Rutten,Julie Fedor,Vera Zvereva.Memory,Conflict and New Media:Web Wars in Post-socialist States.Milton Park,Abingdon,Oxen:Routledge,2013:58.
[48]黄顺铭,李红涛.在线集体记忆的协作性书写[J].新闻与传播研究.2015,(1):5-23.
[49]Winter,J.Sites of memory[C]∥Radstone S,Schwarz B.Memory:Histories,Theories,Debates.New York:Fordham University Press,2010:312–24.
[50]Connerton,P.Seven Types of Forgetting[J].Memory Studies,2008,1(1):59~71.
[51]胡悦.危机传播中的数字化魔咒:以食品安全报道为例[J].当代传播.2016,(3):45-47.
[52]Garde-Hansen J,Mc Ewen L J,Jones O.Towards a Memotechno-ecology:Mediating Memories of Extreme Flooding in Resilient Communities[C]∥Andrea Hajek,Christine Lohmeierm,Christian Pentzold.Memory in a Mediated World:Remembrance and Reconstruction.London:Palgrave Macmillan,2016:55-74.