“创业生态”视角下的青年创业实证研究
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摘要
新常态数字经济时代下我国已形成以"政府政策为基础层,服务机构为链接层,青年创业者为实践层"的青年创业生态雏形。尽管三大要素互相协同,但青年创业生态目前仍面临政府政策向优势企业倾斜、服务机构面对政策和市场双重竞争、青年创业者因缺乏经验不被看好的问题。因此,需要充分发挥各构成要素的协同作用以提升青年创业成功率:政府政策方面,鼓励与支持并重,建立资金先行资源整合跟进的系统范式;服务机构方面,政策与市场兼顾,通过精准定位寻求差异化竞争;青年创业者方面,以群体优势弥补个体不足,另辟蹊径革新创业路径。
引文
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[26]SANGMOON,P.&BAE,Z.-T.New Venture Strategies in a Developing Country:Identifying a typology and Examining Growth Patterns Through Case Studies[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2004,19(1):81-105.
[27]项国鹏,宁鹏,罗兴武.创业生态系统研究述评及动态模型构建[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(2):79-87.
[28]中国政府网.国务院办公厅关于政府向社会力量购买服务的指导意见[EB/OL].(2013-09-30)[2018-12-17].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-09/30/content_2498186.htm
[2]新华网,十九大报告:习近平直抵人心的这19句话[EB/OL].(2017-10-18)[2018-12-1].http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/19cpcnc/2017-10/18/c_1121821027.htm
[3]杨德林,胡晓,冯亚.互联网应用与创业绩效:社会资本的中介作用[J].技术经济,2017(4):53-62.
[4]全球创业观察组织全球创业观察报告要点[R/OL].孙万清编译.[2018-11-29].http://www.gemconsortium.org/
[5]中国青年报.大学生创业将破除成功率“魔咒”[EB/OL].(2015-05-15)[2018-12-01].http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2015-05/15/nw.D110000zgqnb_20150515_3-03.htm
[6]中国日报.中国大学毕业生创业率5年翻一番平均成功率不足5%[EB/OL].(2017-10-10)[2018-12-01].http://caijing.chinadaily.com.cn/2017-10/10/content_33065531.htm
[7]TANSLEY,A.The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms[J].Ecology,1935,16(3):284-307.
[8]MOORE,J.F.Predators and Prey:A New Ecology of Competition[J].Harvard Business Review,1993,71(3):75.
[9]林嵩.创业生态系统:概念发展与运行机制[J].中央财经大学学报,2011(4):58-62.
[10]COHEN B.Sustainable Valley Entrepreneurial Ecosystems[J].Business Strategy and the Environment,2006,15(1):1-14.
[11]SURESH,J.,&RAMRAJ,R.Entrepreneurial Ecosystem:Case Study on the Influence of Environmental Factors on Entrepreneurial Success[J].European Journal of Business and Management,2002,4(16):95-101.
[12]FOSTER,G.,&ISENBERG,D.Entrepreneurial Ecosystems around the Globe and Earlystage Company Growth Dynamics[M].Geneva:Word Economic Forum,2014.
[13]VOGEL,P.The Employment Outlook for Youth:Building Entrepreneurial Ecosystems as a Way Forward.St.Petersburg:Conference Paper for the G20 Youth Forum.2013.
[14]GALATEANU A.E.,&AVASILCAI,S.Symbiosis Process in Business Ecosystem[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,1036:1066-1071.
[15]宋晓洪,丁莹莹,焦晋鹏.创业生态系统共生关系研究[J].技术经济与管理研究,2017(1):27-31.
[16]ISENBERG,D.J.The Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Strategy as a New Paradigm for Economic Policy:Principles for Cultivating Entrepreneurship.Presentation at the Institute of International and European Affairs.2011.
[17]汪忠,廖宇,吴琳.社会创业生态系统的结构与运行机制研究[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2014,28(5):61-65.
[18]孟丽,唐晓婷.创业生态系统研究溯源及前沿探析[J].安徽理工大学学报(社会科学版),2017,17(1):25-29.
[19]蔡莉,彭秀青,SATISH.创业生态系统研究回顾与展望[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2016(1):5-16.
[20]人力资源和社会保障部劳动科学研究所课题组.中国青年创业现状报告--青年创业跟踪调查与分析[J].中国劳动,2017(5):48-54.
[21]戴春,倪良新.基于创业生态系统的众创空间构成与发展路径研究[J].长春理工大学学报:社会科学版,2015,12:77-80.
[22]FREEMAN,R.E.Strategic Management:A Stakeholder Approach[M].Boston MA:Pitman,1984.
[23]AHUJA,G.The Duality of Collaboration:Inducements and Opportunities in the Formation of Interfirm Linkages[J].Strategic Management Journal,2015,21(3):317-343.
[24]AUDRETSCH,D.B.,&THURIK,A.R.A Model of the Entrepreneurial Economy[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education,2004,2(2):143-166.
[25]LI,H.How Does New Venture Strategy Matter in the Environment Performance Relationship?[J].Journal of High Technology Management Research,2001,12(2):183-204.
[26]SANGMOON,P.&BAE,Z.-T.New Venture Strategies in a Developing Country:Identifying a typology and Examining Growth Patterns Through Case Studies[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2004,19(1):81-105.
[27]项国鹏,宁鹏,罗兴武.创业生态系统研究述评及动态模型构建[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(2):79-87.
[28]中国政府网.国务院办公厅关于政府向社会力量购买服务的指导意见[EB/OL].(2013-09-30)[2018-12-17].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-09/30/content_2498186.htm