畜禽养殖废弃物养分管理决策支持系统研究及应用
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摘要
[目的]畜禽养殖污染已经成为制约我国养殖业健康发展的主要因素之一,畜禽养殖废弃物养分信息化综合管理是保障养殖业健康发展、防控农业面源污染、提高资源高效利用的有效途径。决策支持系统(DSS)是实现畜禽养殖废弃物综合养分管理的重要手段。文章旨在为我国畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用策略优化提供有力的技术支撑,推动养殖废弃物综合养分管理计划实施。[方法]该文梳理了我国畜禽养殖业废弃物养分管理存在的不足,详细分析了国内外相关模型和系统在畜禽养殖废弃物资源管理方面应用的研究现状。系统介绍了DSS的基本特性、构建方法及其在畜禽废弃物养分管理上应用的可行性。[结果]通过分析国内外畜禽养殖废弃物已有DSS系统的经验和不足,结合我国畜禽养殖、废弃物处理和利用方式的区域特点,提出适合我国畜禽养殖废弃物养分管理的DSS开发思路,详细阐述了数据库和模型库构建方法及其对整体管理方案决策的作用。[结论]针对我国畜禽养殖基础数据的现状,建议完善DSS参数数据库的来源及准确性,筛选养殖废弃物养分管理的指标体系,构建场区、农田及区域养分管理模型,协助畜禽养殖决策者更好地实现畜禽养殖经济和资源最优化。
Pollution of livestock and poultry breeding has been one of the main factors restricting the healthy development of breeding industry in China. Integrated management of nutrient information is an effective way to ensure the healthy development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, prevent and control agricultural non-point pollution, and improve the efficient utilization of resources. Decision support system(DSS) is an important means to realize integrated nutrient management of livestock and poultry wastes. This research aims to provide a strong technical support for the optimization of utilization strategy in terms of livestock and poultry breeding waste and promote the implementation of integrated nutrient management. The research proposed the disadvantages existing in the nutrient management of breeding waste in China, as well as analyzed the application developments of models and systems focusing on resource management of breeding waste at home and abroad. In addition, it introduced the basic characteristics, construction method and feasibility of DSS in the nutrient management of breeding waste were introduced. By analyzing the experience and the insufficiency existing in the DSS system at home and abroad, it put forward a method suitable for nutrient management in our country according to regional characteristics of waste disposal and utilization. Particularly, the method of establishing the database and model base as well as its effect on the overall management scheme decision was stated in detail. In view of the current situation of livestock and poultry breeding in China, it is suggested that it should improve the source and accuracy of DSS parameter database, select the index system of nutrient management of livestock and poultry wastes, construct a nutrient management model for farms, farmlands and regions, and help decision makers in livestock and poultry breeding to better realize the optimization of livestock and poultry breeding economy and resources.
Pollution of livestock and poultry breeding has been one of the main factors restricting the healthy development of breeding industry in China. Integrated management of nutrient information is an effective way to ensure the healthy development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, prevent and control agricultural non-point pollution, and improve the efficient utilization of resources. Decision support system(DSS) is an important means to realize integrated nutrient management of livestock and poultry wastes. This research aims to provide a strong technical support for the optimization of utilization strategy in terms of livestock and poultry breeding waste and promote the implementation of integrated nutrient management. The research proposed the disadvantages existing in the nutrient management of breeding waste in China, as well as analyzed the application developments of models and systems focusing on resource management of breeding waste at home and abroad. In addition, it introduced the basic characteristics, construction method and feasibility of DSS in the nutrient management of breeding waste were introduced. By analyzing the experience and the insufficiency existing in the DSS system at home and abroad, it put forward a method suitable for nutrient management in our country according to regional characteristics of waste disposal and utilization. Particularly, the method of establishing the database and model base as well as its effect on the overall management scheme decision was stated in detail. In view of the current situation of livestock and poultry breeding in China, it is suggested that it should improve the source and accuracy of DSS parameter database, select the index system of nutrient management of livestock and poultry wastes, construct a nutrient management model for farms, farmlands and regions, and help decision makers in livestock and poultry breeding to better realize the optimization of livestock and poultry breeding economy and resources.
引文
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[22] 秦烨.基于NET的奶牛饲料配方决策系统的设计与实现.北京:北京邮电大学.硕士学位论文,2013.
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[36] Ma K K Y.MCLONE3:A decision support system for managing liquid dairy and swine manure.M.Sc.Thesis.The University of Guelph,Ontario,1997.
[37] Savoie P,Parsch L D,Rotz C A,et al.Simulation of forage harvest and conservation on dairy farms.Agricultural Systems,1985,17(2):117-131.
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[39] Rotz C A,Buckmaster D,Black R.DAFOSYM:A dairy forage system model for evaluating alternatives in forage conservation.Journal of Dairy Science,1989,72:3050-3063.
[40] Borton L R,Rotz C A,Person H L,et al.Simulation to evaluate dairy manure systems(DAFOSYM).Applied Engineering in Agriculture,1995,11(2):301-310.s.
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[45] MARC 2008 User′s Manual.The Government of Manitoba,represented by the Minister of Agriculture.Food and Rural Initiatives,2008.
[46] IGER.EWEES:A European Waste Engineering Expert System.Research to Prevent Pollution.IGER,Silsoe Research Institute,1995.
[47] Wolak F J,Carton O T.An Expert System To Encourage the Recycling of Nutrients in Animal Waste.The World Congress of Computers in Agricultural and Natural Resources,Brazil,March,2002.
[48] Harrison J D,Kanade S K,Toney A H.Agriculture environmental management information system:an online decision support tool.Journal of Extension,2004,42(1):9-19.
[49] De S,Kloot R W,Covington E,et al.AFOPro:a nutrient management decision support system for the United States.computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2004,43:69-76.
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[2] 杨林章,冯彦房,施卫明,等.我国农业面源污染治理技术研究进展.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(1):96-101.
[3] 鞠昌华,芮菡艺,朱琳,等.我国畜禽养殖污染分区治理研究.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):62-69.
[4] 董红敏.力推肥料化和能源化利用,破解畜禽粪污治理难题.(2017-07-10)[2018-03-01].http://szb.farmer.com.cn/nmrb/html/2017-07/10/nw.D110000nmrb_20170710_2-02.htm?div=-1(in Chinese).
[5] 王方浩,王雁峰,马文奇,等.欧美国家养分管理政策的经验与启示.中国家禽,2008,30(4):57-58.
[6] 贾伟,朱志平,陈永杏,等.典型种养结合奶牛场粪便养分管理模式.农业工程学报,2017,33(12):209-217.
[7] 沈根祥,钱晓雍,梁丹涛,等.基于氮磷养分管理的畜禽场粪便匹配农田面积.农业工程学报,2007,22(增2):268-271.
[8] 史瑞祥,薛科社,周振亚.基于耕地消纳的畜禽粪便环境承载力分析——以安康市为例.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(6):55-62.
[9] 姜海,雷昊,白璐,等.不同类型地区畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用管理模式选择——以江苏省太湖地区为例.资源科学,2015,37(12):2430-2440.
[10] 刘光明,陈长喜.基于数据仓库技术的畜禽养殖决策支持系统设计.湖北农业科学,2014,53(19):4723-4726.
[11] Karmakar S,Lague C,Agnewc J,et al.Integrated decision support system(DSS)for manure management:A review and perspective.computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2007,57(2):190-201.
[12] 丰军辉,张俊飚,何可.成本限定下农业废弃物循环利用行为研究.中国农业大学学报,2014,19(4):234-242.
[13] 熊本海,杨振刚,杨亮,等.中国畜牧业物联网技术应用研究进展.农业工程学报,2015,31(增1):237-245.
[14] 陈天宝,万昭军,付茂忠,等.基于氮素循环的耕地畜禽承载能力评估模型建立与应用.农业工程学报,2012,28(2):191-195.
[15] Scott M M S.Management decision systems:computer-based support for decision making.Boston:Harvard University Press,1971,25-28.
[16] 相润,吴树彪,庞昌乐,等.畜禽养殖业污染控制决策支持系统的构建.中国沼气,2012,30(2):3-5,24.
[17] Sprague R H.A Framework for the development of decision support systems.MIS Quarterly,1980,4(4):1-26.
[18] 刘忠,李保国,傅靖.基于DSS的1978—2005年中国区域农田生态系统氮平衡.农业工程学报,2009,25(4):168-175.
[19] 廖晓勇,陶欢,阎秀兰,等.污染场地修复决策支持系统的几个关键问题探讨.环境科学,2014,35(4):1576-1585.
[20] 肖建华,胡玉龙,范福祥,等.奶牛繁殖决策支持系统的构建.中国农业科学,2012,45(10):2012-2021.
[21] 刘博.奶牛饲料配方优化决策系统的研究.石家庄:河北农业大学.硕士学位论文,2010.
[22] 秦烨.基于NET的奶牛饲料配方决策系统的设计与实现.北京:北京邮电大学.硕士学位论文,2013.
[23] 罗帅.生猪养殖安全预警决策支持系统关键技术研究.长沙:湖南农业大学.硕士学位论文,2013.
[24] 黄晓东.基于Map Objects的畜禽养殖环境管理决策支持系统开发——以福建省龙岩市新罗区为例.福州:福州大学.硕士学位论文,2010.
[25] Governo J D,Das K C,Thompson,S A.compost Wizard?倓 :Modeling A Compost Facility.Proceedings of the World Congress of Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources.Iguacu Falls,Brazil,2002.
[26] Jason.Compost wizard.Governo ProQuest Central,2001.(2004-03-20)[2018-03-01].https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/44641.
[27] Harrison E Z.Improved manure management to enhance dairy farm viability.The Cornell Waste Management Institute,Ithaca,NY,2003.
[28] Cornell Waste Management Institute.Co-Composter-A Planning Tool to Determine the Space it Takes to Compost.Cornell Waste Management Institute,2004.
[29] Cornell Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering.Co-Composter Description and User′s Manual.Cornell Waste Management Institute,2001.http://hdl.handle.net/1813/44641.
[30] Hilborn D,Brown C.Development and utilization of OMAFRA nutrient management computer program(NManpc.).CSAE/SCGR,1995,Winnipeg,MB.
[31] Shepherd M,Webb J.Tools for managing manure nutrients.Proceedings of the UK Organic Research Conference,Organic Centre Wales,Institute of Rural Studies,University of Wales Aberystwyth,2002,pp.165-168.
[32] Fawcett C.Shepherd M,Webb J,et al.MANMOD:a decision support system for managing manure nutrients from organic livestock production.Organic Farming:Science & Practice for Profitable Livestock and Cropping Proceedings of the BGS/AAB/COR Conference,Newport,Shropshire,UK,20-22 April 2004,pp.161-164.
[33] Jones D D,Sutton A L,Joern B.AMANURE-A decision support program for determining nutrient value and land application rates.International Symposium on Integrated Resource Management and Landscape Modification for Environmental Protection,1993.
[34] Jones D D,Sutton A L,Joern B.AMANURE-A decision support program for determining nutrient value and land application rates.5th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture,1994.
[35] Bullington S W,Combs S M.Interactive software for on-farm nutrient management.The Wisconsin Interactive Soils Program for economic recommendations(WISPer Ver.2)Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference Orlando,Florida,February 6-9,1994.
[36] Ma K K Y.MCLONE3:A decision support system for managing liquid dairy and swine manure.M.Sc.Thesis.The University of Guelph,Ontario,1997.
[37] Savoie P,Parsch L D,Rotz C A,et al.Simulation of forage harvest and conservation on dairy farms.Agricultural Systems,1985,17(2):117-131.
[38] Rotz C A,Black R,Buckmaster D.DAFOSYM:A model of the dairy forage system.Journal of Production Agriculture,1989,2:83-91.
[39] Rotz C A,Buckmaster D,Black R.DAFOSYM:A dairy forage system model for evaluating alternatives in forage conservation.Journal of Dairy Science,1989,72:3050-3063.
[40] Borton L R,Rotz C A,Person H L,et al.Simulation to evaluate dairy manure systems(DAFOSYM).Applied Engineering in Agriculture,1995,11(2):301-310.s.
[41] Rotz C A,Corson M S,Chianese D S,et al.The integrated farm system model-Reference Manual Version 4.3.Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit,Agricultural Research Service,United States Department of Agriculture,2016.
[42] USDA-NRCS.Version 2 of Nutrient Management Planner for Minnesota Planning-Nutrient Management for Minnesota.USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service,2001.
[43] USDA-NRCS.Components of a Nutrient Management Plan in Minnesota.USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service with the assistance of the University of Minnesota Extension Service and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency,2002.
[44] Bolton K,Tessier S,Lewis T.Farmer Friendly Nutrient Management with MARC 2000:Manure Application Rate Calculator,2017.http://www.usask.ca/soilsncrops/conference-proceedings/previous_years/Files/2001/2001docs/081.pdf.
[45] MARC 2008 User′s Manual.The Government of Manitoba,represented by the Minister of Agriculture.Food and Rural Initiatives,2008.
[46] IGER.EWEES:A European Waste Engineering Expert System.Research to Prevent Pollution.IGER,Silsoe Research Institute,1995.
[47] Wolak F J,Carton O T.An Expert System To Encourage the Recycling of Nutrients in Animal Waste.The World Congress of Computers in Agricultural and Natural Resources,Brazil,March,2002.
[48] Harrison J D,Kanade S K,Toney A H.Agriculture environmental management information system:an online decision support tool.Journal of Extension,2004,42(1):9-19.
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