四川龙溪-虹口常绿阔叶林凋落物与土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征分析
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摘要
以龙溪虹口海拔873～2 211 m的常绿阔叶林为研究对象,通过野外采集和室内分析,探讨了常绿阔叶林土壤与凋落物有机碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量特征对海拔、土层和森林类型的响应特征。结果表明:①随着海拔的上升,不同土层的土壤和凋落物有机碳、氮、磷含量均呈现出增加的趋势;土壤和凋落物有机碳、氮、磷含量与海拔呈极显著正相关关系。②土层厚度与土壤N/P和C/P显著负相关,海拔和森林类型与凋落物C/P显著负相关,森林类型仅与凋落物N/P显著负相关。③研究区内土壤和凋落物C/N高于中国森林系统土壤和凋落物C/N,表明凋落物分解速度较慢,矿化和腐殖化程度较低,土壤硝酸盐淋溶风险较低,养分贮藏能力较好。土壤氮、磷含量与凋落物C/N和C/P显著负相关,说明该地区凋落物分解受土壤氮、磷元素共同的限制。研究结果可为探讨森林土壤养分供应和限制因素以及研究区域内土壤质量评价和森林管护提供科学依据。
Taking the evergreen broad-leaf forest in Longxi-Hongkou reserve of Sichuan province as object,this paper explored the effect of evergreen broad-leaf forest soil and characteristics of ecological stoichiometry of total organic carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and litter in response to altitude,soil layer and forest type. The results indicated that:① The contents of C,N and P in soil and litter showed rising trend along with elevation increasing.All these contents were significantly and positively correlated with elevation.② The soil depth was significantly and negatively correlated with N/P and C/P in soil. The elevation and forest type were significantly and negatively correlated with C/P of litter,while only forest type was significantly and negatively correlated with N/P of litter.③ The C/N ratios of soil and litter were higher than that of forest ecosystem in China,indicating the litter decomposition rate was slow,degree of mineralization and humification was lower,risk of soil nitrate leaching was lower,and nutrient storage capacity was better. Soil N & P contents were significantly and negtively correlated with C/N and C/P of litter indicated that litter decomposition in this area was restricted both by nitrogen and phosphorus elements in soil. These research findings may provide scientific basis for studying soil nutrient supply and its limiting factors in Longxi-Hongkou forest and evaluating soil quality and forest managing ability there.
Taking the evergreen broad-leaf forest in Longxi-Hongkou reserve of Sichuan province as object,this paper explored the effect of evergreen broad-leaf forest soil and characteristics of ecological stoichiometry of total organic carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and litter in response to altitude,soil layer and forest type. The results indicated that:① The contents of C,N and P in soil and litter showed rising trend along with elevation increasing.All these contents were significantly and positively correlated with elevation.② The soil depth was significantly and negatively correlated with N/P and C/P in soil. The elevation and forest type were significantly and negatively correlated with C/P of litter,while only forest type was significantly and negatively correlated with N/P of litter.③ The C/N ratios of soil and litter were higher than that of forest ecosystem in China,indicating the litter decomposition rate was slow,degree of mineralization and humification was lower,risk of soil nitrate leaching was lower,and nutrient storage capacity was better. Soil N & P contents were significantly and negtively correlated with C/N and C/P of litter indicated that litter decomposition in this area was restricted both by nitrogen and phosphorus elements in soil. These research findings may provide scientific basis for studying soil nutrient supply and its limiting factors in Longxi-Hongkou forest and evaluating soil quality and forest managing ability there.
引文
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[11]阎恩荣,王希华,郭明,等.浙江天童常绿阔叶林、常绿针叶林与落叶阔叶林的C:N:P化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):48-57.Yan E R,Wang X H,Guo M,et al..C:N:P stoichiometry across evergreen broad-leaved forests,evergreen coniferous forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests in Tiantong region,Zhejiang province,eastern China[J].Chin.J.Plant Ecol.,2010,34(1):48-57.
[12]葛晓改,曾立雄,肖文发,等.三峡库区森林凋落叶化学计量学性状变化及与分解速率的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):779-787.Ge X G,Zeng L X,Xiao W F,et al..Dynamic of leaf litter stoichiometric traits dynamic and its relations with decomposition rates under three forest types in three gorges reservoir area[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2015,35(3):779-787.
[13]Drenovsky R E,Richards J H.Critical N:P values:Predicting nutrient deficiencies in desert shrublands[J].Plant Soil,2004,259(1-2):59-69.
[14]Yuan Z Y,Chen H Y,Reich P B.Global-scale latitudinal patterns of plant fine-root nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Nat.Commun.,2011,2(1):344.
[15]Han W,Fang J,Guo D,et al..Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China[J].New Phytol.,2005,168(2):377-385.
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[17]Coombs J,Hall D O.Techniques in Bioproductivity and Photosynthesis[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1985.
[18]Kuo S.Phosphate sorption implications on phosphate soil tests and uptake by corn[J].Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.,1990,54(1):131-135.
[19]Newman G S,Hart S C.Shifting soil resource limitations and ecosystem retrogression across a three million year semi-arid substrate age gradient[J].Biogeochemistry,2015,124(1-3):177-186.
[20]李雪峰,韩士杰,张岩.降水量变化对蒙古栎落叶分解过程的间接影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):261-266.Li X F,Han S J,Zhang Y.Indirect effects of precipitation on litter decomposition of Quercus mongolica[J].Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2007,18(2):261-266.
[21]潘复静,张伟,王克林,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地植被群落凋落物C:N:P生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):335-343.Pan F J,Zhang W,Wang K L,et al..Litter C∶N∶P ecological stoichiometry character of plant communities in typical karst peak-cluster depression[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2011,31(2):335-343.
[22]Yin X R,Liang C Z,Wang L X,et al..Ecological stoichiometry of plant nutrients at different restoration succession stages in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia,China[J].Chin.J.Plant Ecol.,2010,34(1):39-47.
[23]Wardle D A,Bardgett R D,Klironomos J N,et al..Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota[J].Science,2004,304(5677):1629-1633.
[24]Campbell B D,Grime J P.A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment[J].New Phytol.,1989,112(2):261-267.
[25]Wang K,Shi W,Shangguan Z P.Effects of natural and artificial vegetation types on soil properties in Loess Hilly region[J].Trans.CSAE,2012,28(15):80-86.
[26]朱秋莲,邢肖毅,张宏,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被区土壤生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4674-4682.Zhu Q L,Xing X Y,Zhang H,et al..Soil ecological stoichiometry under different vegetation area on loess hilly-gully region[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2013,33(15):4674-4682.
[27]张广帅,邓浩俊,杜锟,等.泥石流频发区山地不同海拔土壤化学计量特征-以云南省小江流域为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):675-687.Zhang G S,Deng H J,Du K,et al..Soil stoichiometry characteristics at different elevation gradients of a mountain in an area with high frequency debris flow:A case study in Xiaojiang watershed,Yunnan[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2016,36(3):675-687.
[28]刘国群,庄舜尧,孙琇华.不同种植年限雷竹林土壤微生物量和酶活性变化[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(2):866-868.Liu G Q,Zhuang S Y,Sun X H.Changes of soil microbial mass and selected enzyme activity in Lei bamboo fields with various planting time[J].J.Anhui Agric.Sci.,2012,40(2):866-868.
[29]Cleveland C C,Liptzin D C.C:N:P stoichiometry in soil:Is there a“Redfield ratio”for the microbial biomass[J]?Biogeochemistry,2007,85(3):235-252.
[30]He J S,Fang J,Wang Z,et al..Stoichiometry and large-scale patterns of leaf carbon and nitrogen in the grassland biomes of China[J].Oecologia,2006,149(1):115-122.
[31]王晶苑,王绍强,李纫兰,等.中国四种森林类型主要优势植物的C∶N∶P化学计量学特征[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(6):587-595.Wang J Y,Wang S Q,Li R L,et al..C:N:P stoichiometric characteristics of four forest types dominant tree species in China[J].Chin.J.Plant Ecol.,2011,35(6):587-595.
[32]李丹维,王紫泉,田海霞,等.太白山不同海拔土壤碳、氮、磷含量及生态化学计量特征[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):159-170.Li D W,Wang Z Q,Tian H X,et al..Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus contents in soils on Taibai mountain and their ecological stoichiometry relative to elevation[J].Acta Pedol.Sin.,2017,54(1):159-170.
[33]Reich P B,Oleksyn J.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude[J].Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA,2004,101(30):11001-11006.
[34]Yuan Z Y,Chen H Y.Global trends in senesced-leaf nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Global Ecol.Biogeography,2010,18(5):532-542.
[35]Jha P,Mohapatra K P.Leaf litterfall,fine root production and turnover in four major tree species of the semi-arid region of India[J].Plant Soil,2010,326(1-2):481-491.
[2]贺金生,韩兴国.生态化学计量学:探索从个体到生态系统的统一化理论[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):2-6.He J S,Han X G.Ecological stoichiometry:Searching for unifying princioles from individuals to ecosystems[J].Chin.J.Plant Ecol.,2010,34(1):2-6.
[3]程滨,赵永军,张文广,等.生态化学计量学研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1628-1637.Cheng B,Zhao Y J,Zhang W G,et al..The research advances and prospect of ecological stoichiometry[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2010,30(6):1628-1637.
[4]Moe S J,Stelzer R S,Forman M R,et al..Recent advances in ecological stoichiometry:Insights for population and community ecology[J].Oikos,2005,109(1):29-39.
[5]周正虎,王传宽,张全智.土地利用变化对东北温带幼龄林土壤碳氮磷含量及其化学计量特征的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(20):6694-6702.Zhou Z H,Wang C K,Zhang Q Z.The effect of land use change on soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus contents and their stoichiometry in temperate sapling stands in northeastern[J].Chin.Acta Ecol.Sin.,2015,35(20):6694-6702.
[6]Cao Y,Chen Y.Coupling of plant and soil C:N:Pstoichiometry in black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia)plantations on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Trees,2017,31(5):1559-1570.
[7]Rinna R,Michelsen A,Jonasson S.Effects of litter addition and warming on soil carbon nutrient pools and microbial communities in a subarctic heath ecosystem[J].Appl.Soil Ecol.,2008,39(3):271-281.
[8]Farrer E C,Goldberg D E.Litter drives ecosystem and plant community changes in cattail invasion[J].Ecol.Appl.,2009,19(2):398-412.
[9]Koerselman W.The vegetation N:P ratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation[J].J.Appl.Ecol.,1996,33(6):1441-1450.
[10]Luo M W,Mao L,Guo Z G.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of plants from natural and restorable communities at lands used for Qinghai-Tibet highway construction,China[J].Polish J.Ecol.,2014,62(2):227-238.
[11]阎恩荣,王希华,郭明,等.浙江天童常绿阔叶林、常绿针叶林与落叶阔叶林的C:N:P化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):48-57.Yan E R,Wang X H,Guo M,et al..C:N:P stoichiometry across evergreen broad-leaved forests,evergreen coniferous forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests in Tiantong region,Zhejiang province,eastern China[J].Chin.J.Plant Ecol.,2010,34(1):48-57.
[12]葛晓改,曾立雄,肖文发,等.三峡库区森林凋落叶化学计量学性状变化及与分解速率的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):779-787.Ge X G,Zeng L X,Xiao W F,et al..Dynamic of leaf litter stoichiometric traits dynamic and its relations with decomposition rates under three forest types in three gorges reservoir area[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2015,35(3):779-787.
[13]Drenovsky R E,Richards J H.Critical N:P values:Predicting nutrient deficiencies in desert shrublands[J].Plant Soil,2004,259(1-2):59-69.
[14]Yuan Z Y,Chen H Y,Reich P B.Global-scale latitudinal patterns of plant fine-root nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Nat.Commun.,2011,2(1):344.
[15]Han W,Fang J,Guo D,et al..Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China[J].New Phytol.,2005,168(2):377-385.
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[17]Coombs J,Hall D O.Techniques in Bioproductivity and Photosynthesis[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1985.
[18]Kuo S.Phosphate sorption implications on phosphate soil tests and uptake by corn[J].Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.,1990,54(1):131-135.
[19]Newman G S,Hart S C.Shifting soil resource limitations and ecosystem retrogression across a three million year semi-arid substrate age gradient[J].Biogeochemistry,2015,124(1-3):177-186.
[20]李雪峰,韩士杰,张岩.降水量变化对蒙古栎落叶分解过程的间接影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):261-266.Li X F,Han S J,Zhang Y.Indirect effects of precipitation on litter decomposition of Quercus mongolica[J].Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2007,18(2):261-266.
[21]潘复静,张伟,王克林,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地植被群落凋落物C:N:P生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):335-343.Pan F J,Zhang W,Wang K L,et al..Litter C∶N∶P ecological stoichiometry character of plant communities in typical karst peak-cluster depression[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2011,31(2):335-343.
[22]Yin X R,Liang C Z,Wang L X,et al..Ecological stoichiometry of plant nutrients at different restoration succession stages in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia,China[J].Chin.J.Plant Ecol.,2010,34(1):39-47.
[23]Wardle D A,Bardgett R D,Klironomos J N,et al..Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota[J].Science,2004,304(5677):1629-1633.
[24]Campbell B D,Grime J P.A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment[J].New Phytol.,1989,112(2):261-267.
[25]Wang K,Shi W,Shangguan Z P.Effects of natural and artificial vegetation types on soil properties in Loess Hilly region[J].Trans.CSAE,2012,28(15):80-86.
[26]朱秋莲,邢肖毅,张宏,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被区土壤生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4674-4682.Zhu Q L,Xing X Y,Zhang H,et al..Soil ecological stoichiometry under different vegetation area on loess hilly-gully region[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2013,33(15):4674-4682.
[27]张广帅,邓浩俊,杜锟,等.泥石流频发区山地不同海拔土壤化学计量特征-以云南省小江流域为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):675-687.Zhang G S,Deng H J,Du K,et al..Soil stoichiometry characteristics at different elevation gradients of a mountain in an area with high frequency debris flow:A case study in Xiaojiang watershed,Yunnan[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2016,36(3):675-687.
[28]刘国群,庄舜尧,孙琇华.不同种植年限雷竹林土壤微生物量和酶活性变化[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(2):866-868.Liu G Q,Zhuang S Y,Sun X H.Changes of soil microbial mass and selected enzyme activity in Lei bamboo fields with various planting time[J].J.Anhui Agric.Sci.,2012,40(2):866-868.
[29]Cleveland C C,Liptzin D C.C:N:P stoichiometry in soil:Is there a“Redfield ratio”for the microbial biomass[J]?Biogeochemistry,2007,85(3):235-252.
[30]He J S,Fang J,Wang Z,et al..Stoichiometry and large-scale patterns of leaf carbon and nitrogen in the grassland biomes of China[J].Oecologia,2006,149(1):115-122.
[31]王晶苑,王绍强,李纫兰,等.中国四种森林类型主要优势植物的C∶N∶P化学计量学特征[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(6):587-595.Wang J Y,Wang S Q,Li R L,et al..C:N:P stoichiometric characteristics of four forest types dominant tree species in China[J].Chin.J.Plant Ecol.,2011,35(6):587-595.
[32]李丹维,王紫泉,田海霞,等.太白山不同海拔土壤碳、氮、磷含量及生态化学计量特征[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):159-170.Li D W,Wang Z Q,Tian H X,et al..Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus contents in soils on Taibai mountain and their ecological stoichiometry relative to elevation[J].Acta Pedol.Sin.,2017,54(1):159-170.
[33]Reich P B,Oleksyn J.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude[J].Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA,2004,101(30):11001-11006.
[34]Yuan Z Y,Chen H Y.Global trends in senesced-leaf nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Global Ecol.Biogeography,2010,18(5):532-542.
[35]Jha P,Mohapatra K P.Leaf litterfall,fine root production and turnover in four major tree species of the semi-arid region of India[J].Plant Soil,2010,326(1-2):481-491.