基于正交采样的随钻电阻率测量响应特性
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摘要
地层电阻率参数的精确测定是随钻电磁波电阻率测井仪器测量的关键,其测量的核心在于感应电磁波信号幅度比和相位差的计算。针对幅度比和相位差准确计算需求,采用正交采样方法,对相邻接收线圈处的感应电磁波信号进行预处理及正交采样,计算得到相邻接收线圈处感应电磁波信号的幅度比和相位差,并通过仿真实验分析线圈系结构穿过不同电阻率参数层状地层模型时相邻接收线圈处感应电磁波信号幅度比和相位差的响应特性,验证正交采样方法在幅度比和相位差准确计算方面的优势。结果表明:在感应电磁波信号数字采样时对每路信号进行多周期采样后取平均,提高了感应电磁波信号幅度比和相位差的计算精度;另外,通过正交采样方法对每路信号间隔T/4后进行采样,提高了计算速度。采用该方法能够满足随钻电磁波电阻率测井仪器对实时性的要求。
Accurate measurement of layer-earth resistivity parameters is a key task in the measurement of electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instruments while drilling. The kernel point of this measurement lies in calculation of the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the induced electromagnetic wave signal. According to the accuracy calculation requirements for the amplitude ratio and phase difference,we adopt an orthogonal sampling method,which preprocesses and orthogonally samples the induction electromagnetic wave signal adjacent to the receiver coil. The amplitude ratio and phase difference of the induction electromagnetic wave signal adjacent to the receiver coil were calculated. In the light of the simulation experiment,the response curves on the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the induction electromagnetic wave signal at the neighborhood receiver coils are analyzed,when the coil system structure passes through the layer-earth model with different resistivity parameters. The advantages of the quadrature sampling method in accurately calculating the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the electromagnetic wave signal were verified. The results demonstrate that each signal is averaged after multi-period sampling in the digital sampling of the induced electromagnetic wave signal,which improves the calculation accuracy of the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of the induced electromagnetic wave signal. In addition,by using the orthogonal sampling method,the calculation speed is improved after sampling each signal at T/4 intervals. This method can meet the real-time requirements of the electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instruments while drilling.
Accurate measurement of layer-earth resistivity parameters is a key task in the measurement of electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instruments while drilling. The kernel point of this measurement lies in calculation of the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the induced electromagnetic wave signal. According to the accuracy calculation requirements for the amplitude ratio and phase difference,we adopt an orthogonal sampling method,which preprocesses and orthogonally samples the induction electromagnetic wave signal adjacent to the receiver coil. The amplitude ratio and phase difference of the induction electromagnetic wave signal adjacent to the receiver coil were calculated. In the light of the simulation experiment,the response curves on the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the induction electromagnetic wave signal at the neighborhood receiver coils are analyzed,when the coil system structure passes through the layer-earth model with different resistivity parameters. The advantages of the quadrature sampling method in accurately calculating the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the electromagnetic wave signal were verified. The results demonstrate that each signal is averaged after multi-period sampling in the digital sampling of the induced electromagnetic wave signal,which improves the calculation accuracy of the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of the induced electromagnetic wave signal. In addition,by using the orthogonal sampling method,the calculation speed is improved after sampling each signal at T/4 intervals. This method can meet the real-time requirements of the electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instruments while drilling.
引文
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[14]邬琦,杨江涛,马喜宏.基于FPGA的高速信号采集电路的设计与实现[J].实验室研究与探索,2015,34(4):124-128.WU Qi,YANG Jiangtao,MA Xihong.Design and implementation of high-speed signal acquisition circuit based on FPGA[J].Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2015,34(4):124-128.
[15]刘得军,马中华,苑赫,等.自适应高阶矢量有限元方法在随钻电阻率测井中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(4):77-83.LIU Dejun,MA Zhonghua,YUAN He,et al.Application of adaptive higher-order vector finite element method to simulate resistivity logging-while-drilling tool response[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(4):77-83.
[16]ZHAO Y,LI M,DUN Y,et al.Analysis and design of the coils system for electromagnetic propagation resistivity logging tools by numerical simulations[J].Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering,2012,137:335-341.
[17]张中庆,穆林雪,张雪,等.矢量有限元素法在随钻电阻率测井模拟中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(4):64-71.ZHANG Zhongqing,MU Linxue,ZHANG Xue,et al.Application of vector finite element method to simulate logging-while-drilling resistivity tools[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(4):64-71.
[2]宋殿光,段宝良,魏宝君,等.倾斜线圈随钻电磁波电阻率测量仪器的响应模拟及应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):67-74.SONG Dianguang,DUAN Baoliang,WEI Baojun,et al.Response simulation and application of electromagnetic wave resistivity measurement-while-drilling tool with titled coil[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2014,38(2):67-74.
[3]沈廷鳌,涂亚庆,李明,等.数据延拓式相关的相位差测量方法及验证[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(6):1331-1337.SHEN Tingao,TU Yaqing,LI Ming,et al.Research and validation on improved correlation method for phase difference measurement based on data extension[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(6):1331-1337.
[4]杨辉跃,涂亚庆,张海涛.基于DFT的相位差估计精度与改进方法[J].传感技术学报,2015(1):93-98.YANG Huiyue,TU Yaqing,ZHANG Haitao.Precision analysis and improvement method for DFT based phase difference estimation[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2015(1):93-98.
[5]路艳洁,席志红,王姜铂.FFT法与数字相关法在相位测量上的比较[J].信息技术,2007(12):105-108.LU Yanjie,XI Zhihong,WANG Jiangbo.Analysis and comparison between FFT and digital correlation theory in phase difference measurement[J].Information Technology,2007(12):105-108.
[6]杨锦舟,魏宝君,林楠.倾斜线圈随钻电磁波电阻率测量仪器基本原理及其在地质导向中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(1):44-49.YANG Jinzhou,WEI Baojun,LIN Nan.Basic theory of electromagnetic wave resistivity measurement while drilling tool with tilted antennas and its application for geosteering[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2009,33(1):44-49.
[7]ZHU J M,GUO K,LIU M L,et al.Research of root sum of the square criterion in pulse transition duration metrology[J].Chinese Journal of Electronics,2011,20(4):697-700.
[8]李会银,苏义脑,盛利民,等.多深度随钻电磁波电阻率测量系统设计[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(3):38-42.LI Huiyin,SU Yinao,SHENG Limin,et al.A logging while drilling tool for multi-depth electromagnetic wave resistivity measurement[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(3):38-42.
[9]张立立,杨华,黄锦元.基于FPGA技术的数字中频系统的设计[J].电子器件,2015(1):126-129.ZHANG Lili,YANG Hua,HUANG Jinyuan.Design of digital intermediate frequency system based on FPGA technique[J].Chinese Journal of Electron Devices,2015(1):126-129.
[10]PENG Q,LI Q H,ZHANG Q.Application status of the technology of logging while drilling[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,1010/1011/1012:1650-1653.
[11]魏宝君,王颖,王甜甜.电磁波电阻率仪器的基本理论及其在随钻测量中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):774-781.WEI Baojun,WANG Ying,WANG Tiantian.The basic theory of electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument and its application to measurement of while-drilling[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(2):774-781.
[12]BITTAR M S,KLEIN J D,RANDY B,et al.A new azimuthally deep-reading resistivity tool for geosteering and advanced formation evaluation[J].Spe Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2007,12(2):270-279.
[13]贾衡天,彭浩,邓乐,等.随钻电磁波电阻率测量系统[J].电子测量技术,2014,34(6):123-126.JIA Hengtian,PENG Hao,DENG Le,et al.Electromagnetic resistivity MWD system[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2014,34(6):123-126.
[14]邬琦,杨江涛,马喜宏.基于FPGA的高速信号采集电路的设计与实现[J].实验室研究与探索,2015,34(4):124-128.WU Qi,YANG Jiangtao,MA Xihong.Design and implementation of high-speed signal acquisition circuit based on FPGA[J].Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2015,34(4):124-128.
[15]刘得军,马中华,苑赫,等.自适应高阶矢量有限元方法在随钻电阻率测井中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(4):77-83.LIU Dejun,MA Zhonghua,YUAN He,et al.Application of adaptive higher-order vector finite element method to simulate resistivity logging-while-drilling tool response[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(4):77-83.
[16]ZHAO Y,LI M,DUN Y,et al.Analysis and design of the coils system for electromagnetic propagation resistivity logging tools by numerical simulations[J].Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering,2012,137:335-341.
[17]张中庆,穆林雪,张雪,等.矢量有限元素法在随钻电阻率测井模拟中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(4):64-71.ZHANG Zhongqing,MU Linxue,ZHANG Xue,et al.Application of vector finite element method to simulate logging-while-drilling resistivity tools[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(4):64-71.