种植杞柳在镉污染土壤修复过程中对土壤微生物群落结构和理化性质的影响
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摘要
研究种植杞柳在镉污染土壤修复过程中对微生物群落结构的影响,可为应用杞柳-微生物联合修复镉污染土壤提供理论依据.以1年生杞柳扦插苗为试验材料进行盆栽试验,设置4个镉浓度梯度处理(0、50、100以及150 mg/kg),每个处理同时设置种植杞柳组和未种植杞柳组.种植杞柳1年后收集根际、非根际以及未种植杞柳土壤,对土壤理化性质、不同形态重金属含量进行测定,利用Biolog-ECO平板法对微生物代谢功能多样性进行测定以及利用T-RFLP法对微生物群落结构多样性进行测定.采用冗余分析(RDA)对微生物群落结构多样性与土壤理化性质、不同形态重金属含量的相关性进行分析.结果表明,在镉污染处理组中养分含量总体呈现种植杞柳组高于未种植杞柳组,不同土壤来源对6类碳源的平均利用率存在显著差异,碳水化合物和酚酸类相对利用率呈现种植杞柳土壤<未种植土壤,而氨基酸、羧酸、多聚物以及胺类相对利用率都在根际土壤中最高.对照组与处理组根际微生物丰富度与多样性指数差异不显著,但优势微生物种类明显不同. RDA分析表明,与对照相比,受污染的土壤中微生物与环境因子的相关性更强,可还原态镉与优势菌株B-T-RFs(137)、B-T-RFs(141)等有较强的相关性.综上,种植杞柳能显著促进镉污染土壤中微生物代谢活性、微生物丰富度指数以及多样性指数,对优势微生物种群、代谢组成有明显影响;影响根际与非根际土壤中优势微生物的主要环境因子不同,污染组微生物受环境影响更大.(图8表1参50)
In order to study the effects of planting Salix integra on the microbial community structure in cadmiumcontaminated soil, a pot experiment was carried out with one-year old cuttings of seedlings as starting material. We set up unplanted and planted S. integra areas with four levels of cadmium treatments(0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). After one year of planting, the rhizosphere soil, non-rhizosphere soil, and unplanted soil were collected. The physical and chemical properties of the soil and the fractionation of heavy metal content were determined. The Biolog-ECO plate method was used to measure the microbial metabolic functional diversity and the T-RFLP method was used to measure the diversity of the microbial community structure. Redundancy analysis(RDA) was used to analyze the correlation between microbial community structure diversity, physical and chemical properties of the soil, and fractionation of heavy metal content. The nutrient content in the cadmium-contaminated treatment group was higher than that in the un-planted group. The average utilization rate of the six types of carbon sources was significantly different among different soil sources. The relative utilization ratio of carbohydrates and phenolic acids was higher in un-planted soil than in planted soil, and the amount of amino acids, carboxylic acids,polymers, and amines was the highest in rhizosphere soil. There was no significant difference in the rhizosphere microbial richness and the diversity index between the control group and the treatment group, but the dominant microbial species were significantly different. RDA analysis showed that the microorganisms in the contaminated soil were more strongly correlated with environmental factors, and the reducible cadmium had a strong correlation with the dominant B-T-RFs(137), and B-T-RFs(141). Planting S. integra can significantly promote microbial metabolic activity, microbial richness index, and diversity index in cadmium-contaminated soil, which in turn has a significant impact on the dominant microbial population and metabolic composition. The main environmental factors affecting dominant microorganisms in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils are different. Microorganisms in the treatment group are more affected by the environment.
In order to study the effects of planting Salix integra on the microbial community structure in cadmiumcontaminated soil, a pot experiment was carried out with one-year old cuttings of seedlings as starting material. We set up unplanted and planted S. integra areas with four levels of cadmium treatments(0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). After one year of planting, the rhizosphere soil, non-rhizosphere soil, and unplanted soil were collected. The physical and chemical properties of the soil and the fractionation of heavy metal content were determined. The Biolog-ECO plate method was used to measure the microbial metabolic functional diversity and the T-RFLP method was used to measure the diversity of the microbial community structure. Redundancy analysis(RDA) was used to analyze the correlation between microbial community structure diversity, physical and chemical properties of the soil, and fractionation of heavy metal content. The nutrient content in the cadmium-contaminated treatment group was higher than that in the un-planted group. The average utilization rate of the six types of carbon sources was significantly different among different soil sources. The relative utilization ratio of carbohydrates and phenolic acids was higher in un-planted soil than in planted soil, and the amount of amino acids, carboxylic acids,polymers, and amines was the highest in rhizosphere soil. There was no significant difference in the rhizosphere microbial richness and the diversity index between the control group and the treatment group, but the dominant microbial species were significantly different. RDA analysis showed that the microorganisms in the contaminated soil were more strongly correlated with environmental factors, and the reducible cadmium had a strong correlation with the dominant B-T-RFs(137), and B-T-RFs(141). Planting S. integra can significantly promote microbial metabolic activity, microbial richness index, and diversity index in cadmium-contaminated soil, which in turn has a significant impact on the dominant microbial population and metabolic composition. The main environmental factors affecting dominant microorganisms in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils are different. Microorganisms in the treatment group are more affected by the environment.
引文
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2茹淑华,苏德纯,王激清.土壤镉污染特征及污染土壤的植物修复技术机理[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(4):29-33[Ru SH,Su DC,Wang JQ.Characteristics of Cd pollution in soil and the mechanisms of phytoremediation for soil contamination[J].Chin J Eco-Agric,2006,14(4):29-33]
3 Sheoran,V,Sheoran A,Poonia P.Role of hy peraccumulators in phytoextraction of metals from contaminated mining sites:a review[J].Cr Rev Environ Sci Technol,2010,41(2):168-214
4 Wuana RA,Okieimen FE.Heavy metals in contaminated soils:a review of sources,chemistry,risks and best available strategies for remediation[J].ISRN Ecol,2011,2011(2090-4614):1-20
5串丽敏,赵同科,郑怀国,赵静娟,张晓静,谭翠萍,李光达.土壤重金属污染修复技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S2):213-222[Chuan LM,Zhao TK,Zheng HG,Zhao JJ,Zhang XJ,Tan XC,Li GD.Research advances in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils[J].Environ Sci Techn,2014,37(120):213-222]
6骆永明.污染土壤修复技术研究现状与趋势[J].化学进展,2009,21(2):558-565[Luo YM.Current research and development in soil remediation technologies[J].Progr Chem,2009,21(2):558-565]
7 Cui HB,Fan YC,Yang J,Xu L,Zhou J,Zhu ZQ.In situ phytoextraction of copper and cadmium and its biological impacts in acidic soil[J].Chemosphere,2016,161:233-241
8 Qin H,Brookes PC,Xu JM.Cucurbita spp.and Cucumis sativus enhance the dissipation of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by stimulating soil microbial community development[J].Environ Pollut,2014(184):306-312
9 Jakub R,Michal K,Michal S,Hynek S,Petr S,Jan P,Tomas M,Ondrej U.Plants rather than mineral fertilization shape microbial community structure and functional potential in legacy contaminated soil[J].Front Microb,2016,7:995
10 Sheng XF,Xia JJ.Improvement of rape(Brassica napus)plant growth and cadmium uptake by cadmium-resistant bacteria[J].Chemosphere,2006,64(6):1036-1042
11 Su n X Y,Z hou Y L,Ta n YJ,Wu ZX,Lu P,Z ha ng GH,Yu FX.Restoration with pioneer plants changes soil properties and remodels the diversity and structure of bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil of copper mine tailings in Jiangxi Province,China[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2018,25(22):22106-22119
12苗欣宇,周启星.污染土壤植物修复效率影响因素研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):870-877[Miao XY,Zhou QX.Some research progresses in influencing factors for the efficiency of contaminated soil phy-toremediation[J].Chin J Ecol,2015,34(3):870-877]
13 Felix H.Field trials for in situ decontamination of heavy metal polluted soils using crops of metal-accumulating plants[J].J Plant Nutr Soil Sci,1997,160(4):525-529
14 Klang Westin E,Eriksson J.Potential of Salix as phytoextractor for Cd on moderately contaminated soils[J].Plant Soil,2003,249(1):127-137
15杨卫东,陈益泰.不同杞柳品种对镉(Cd)吸收与忍耐的差异[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(6):857-861[Yang WD,Chen YT.Differences in uptake and tolerance to cadmium in varieties of Salix integra[J].For Res,2008,21(6):857-861]
16王树凤,施翔,田生科,孙海菁,杨肖娥,陈益泰,刘婷.杞柳不同品种对铅的积累、耐性及叶片元素原位微区分布特征[J].林业科学,2016,52(5):71-80[Wang SF,Shi X,Tian SK,Sun HJ,Yang XE,Chen YT,Liu T.Variation in lead accumulation and tolerance in different varieties of Sailx integra and in situ distribution of elements in leaves under Pb stress[J].Sci Silv Sin,2016,52(5):71-80]
17江玉梅,张晨,黄小兰,倪才英,王金凤,宋鹏飞,张志斌.重金属污染对鄱阳湖底泥微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(11):3475-3486[Jiang Y M,Zhang C,Huang X L,Ni CY,Wang JF,Song PF,Zhang ZB.Effect of heavy metals in the sediment of Poyang Lake estuary on microbial communities structure base on Misequencing[J].Chin Environ Sci,2016,36(11):3475-3486]
18陈欣瑶,杨惠子,陈楸健,王丽娜,王贵鑫,张园.重金属胁迫下不同区域土壤的生态功能稳定性与其微生物群落结构的相关性[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):356-364[Cheng XY,Yang HZ,Chen QJ,Wang LN,Wang GX,Zhang Y.Correlation between microbial community structure and soil ecosystem functional stability under heavy metal stress[J].Environ Chem,2017,36(2):356-364]
19陆文龙,徐松巍,李英华.重金属镉对土壤呼吸和土壤微生物群落的影响研究[J].吉林化工学院学报,2013,30(7):65-67[Lu WL,Xu SW,Li YH.Influence of heavy metal cadmium on the soil breath and the soil microbial community[J].J Jilin Inst Chem Technol,2013,30(7):65-67]
20 Riley D,Baeber SA.Bicarbonate accumulation and pH changes at the soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)root-soil interface[J].Soil Sci Soc Am J,1969,33(6):905-908
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