非刚性匹配技术在地震资料一致性处理中的应用
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摘要
受地震勘探资料的采集施工方法、地表激发接收条件、复杂的地下传播介质等因素的影响会导致同一区块同一地层反射波组的频率、波形不同,静校正不彻底、速度不准会导致剩余时差,动校正拉伸会导致波形畸变,通常在常规一致性处理后的CMP/CRP道集数据仍然存在一些不一致性问题,会影响资料潜力的发挥,资料的一致性处理对处理成果品质的提高起到至关重要的作用,尤其是在多块三维连片处理、时延地震处理、过渡带探区资料处理、叠前反演处理、高分辨率处理、高精度成像处理等方面均对资料的一致性提出了更高的要求.针对该现实问题,介绍了依赖于图像的相似和有局部光滑变形(或位移)场的非刚性匹配处理技术.该技术在常规一致性处理的基础上,首先将叠前数据分选成炮检距数据,优选部分炮检距数据形成模型,然后对每一炮检距数据逐一与模型进行非刚性匹配,实现数据的一致性处理.给出了实际资料非刚性匹配一致性处理的效果,证实了该技术在提高数据的一致性、改善数据处理成果品质、保持分辨率不降低和振幅保真方面具有一定的优势.因此,该技术可适用于时延地震匹配处理、叠前角道集拉平、叠前CMP/CRP道集拉平、振幅随角度变化(AVA)处理、PS波与PP波同相轴匹配处理等.
Various acquisition methods, shooting and receiving conditions,complex subsurface propagation medium lead to different frequency and wave pattern of the reflection wave group from the same formation,inadequate static correction and inaccurate velocity generate residual moveout,and NMO stretch causes wave pattern distortion; therefore, the CMP/CRP gathers usually exists inconsistency problem after conventional consistency processing,which will impact to dig the potential of the data. Consistency processing is one of the key steps to improve the quality of seismic data processing. Merging processing, time-lapse seismic,transitional zone joint processing, prestack inversion and highresolution & high-precision imaging requires higher consistency of seismic data. Due to the strict requirements of consistency processing in high-precision seismic exploration, the non-rigid matching technology is introduced including its principles,characteristics and implementation, which relies on the similar images and a locally smooth deformation( or displacement) field for matching,to solve problems such as incomplete elimination of residual moveout of CMP/CRP gathers after normal consistency processing. On the basis of conventional preprocessing,firstly,the prestack seismic data is sorted into offset data,and partial offset data is optimized to form model; then,every single offset data is carried out non-rigid matching with model to realize consistency processing. Further application of the non-rigid matching consistency technology in real data reveals its superiority in improving the quality of seismic data and resolution preservation.Therefore,the technique is applicable for time-lapse matching processing,prestack angle gather flattening,prestack CMP/CRP gather flattening,AVA processing,event matching processing of PP wave and PS wave.
Various acquisition methods, shooting and receiving conditions,complex subsurface propagation medium lead to different frequency and wave pattern of the reflection wave group from the same formation,inadequate static correction and inaccurate velocity generate residual moveout,and NMO stretch causes wave pattern distortion; therefore, the CMP/CRP gathers usually exists inconsistency problem after conventional consistency processing,which will impact to dig the potential of the data. Consistency processing is one of the key steps to improve the quality of seismic data processing. Merging processing, time-lapse seismic,transitional zone joint processing, prestack inversion and highresolution & high-precision imaging requires higher consistency of seismic data. Due to the strict requirements of consistency processing in high-precision seismic exploration, the non-rigid matching technology is introduced including its principles,characteristics and implementation, which relies on the similar images and a locally smooth deformation( or displacement) field for matching,to solve problems such as incomplete elimination of residual moveout of CMP/CRP gathers after normal consistency processing. On the basis of conventional preprocessing,firstly,the prestack seismic data is sorted into offset data,and partial offset data is optimized to form model; then,every single offset data is carried out non-rigid matching with model to realize consistency processing. Further application of the non-rigid matching consistency technology in real data reveals its superiority in improving the quality of seismic data and resolution preservation.Therefore,the technique is applicable for time-lapse matching processing,prestack angle gather flattening,prestack CMP/CRP gather flattening,AVA processing,event matching processing of PP wave and PS wave.
引文
An X F,Liu P,Zhang X.2010.Application of surface consistent deconvolution to seismic prospecting and its Effect[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(6):2125-2129,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.032.
Chen F,Li J Z,Huang J M,et al.2003.Application research of digital image processing method for improving signal to noise ratio of seismic section image[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),18(4):758-764,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.04.030.
Guo N M,Wu G C.2012.Forward-modeling and feasibility study of non-repeating acquired time-lapse seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(1):232-245,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.026.
Li S J,Shi X J,Zheng H M,et al.2002.The consistent correction of seismic amplitude in complicated surface area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),45(6):862-869,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2002.06.014.
Li Z X,Lu W K,Wang J.2013.Common image gathers enhancement based on seismic image warping[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1592-1608,doi:10.6038/cjg20130517.
Lin B X,Sun J G.2001.Residual moveout correction by using phase replacement[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),40(3):15-22.
Liu Y K,Chang X,Wang H,et al.2001.Estimation of near-surface velocity and seismic tomographic static corrections[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),44(2):272-278,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2001.02.015.
Ma Y J,Wang J.2010.An improved residual normal moveout correction method in time domain[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),49(3):245-247.
Nickel M,Sonneland L.1999.Non-Rigid matching of migrated timelapse seismic[C].SEG Annual Meeting.
Pei J Y,Zhang L Y,Wang L N,et al.2011.Multi-survey joint prestack time migration processing study of deep beds in Songliao basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(2):294-303,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.004.
Wang W,Gao J H,Chen W C,et al.2012.Random seismic noise suppression via structure-adaptive median filter[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(5):1732-1741,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.05.030.
Wang X,Chen X R.2003.Offset division normal moveout correction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in chinese),42(2):212-214.
Wang X W,Hu Z D,Tian Y C,et al.2006.Study of seismic wavelet processing method in two step deconvolution[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(4):1167-1179,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.04.018.
Wang Y Z,Yang L W,Li S H.2006.Residual moveout correction and Poisson’s ratio inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(3):204-208,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.01.032.
Wei G Y,Li Z Y,Xue H.2009.Application of seismic attributes in residual static correction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(S1):10-12.
Wu D L.2004.The application of matching filter method in cannon offset data processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),43(6):599-601.
Wu Q,Yang C C,Zhang W Z,et al.2008.Research on processing technology for matching seismic data acquired in seashore and marine prospect[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),23(3):761-767.
Xia H R,Zhou K M,Chen D G,et al.2002.Correction of colored spectrum in time frequency domain[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),41(3):304-308,311.
Xia H R,Zhou K M,Chen D G,et al.2003.Analysis of resolutionpreserved processing techniques[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),38(S):23-26,30.
Xu J C,Zhang J F.2016.Residual static correction based on migrated gathers[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(2):655-663,doi:10.6038/cjg20160222.
Yuan C F,Yu Q F,Wang Y C,et al.2002.Estimation and removal of residual normal moveout[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),41(3):317-320.
Yun M H,Ding W,Wang K Y,et al.2006.Study and primary application on consistency processing of seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),45(1):65-69.
Zhao L Z,Wang K B,Dai X Y.2011.Application of VTI anisotropic pre-stack depth migration technique for 3-D seismic data processing in JZ area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),50(2):201-205.
Zhuang D H,Xiao C Y,Xu Y,et al.1999.4D seismic data processing and its key[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),14(2):33-43.
Zhu J M,Li L,Yang W,et al.2013.Multi-azimuth seismic data applied analysis on the exploration and development of Wenchang sag[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(5):2587-2596,doi:10.6038/pg20130538.
安西峰,刘平,张旭.2010.地表一致性反褶积在地震勘探中的应用及效果[J].地球物理学进展,25(6):2125-2129,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.032.
陈凤,李金宗,黄建明,等.2003.利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面图像信噪比[J].地球物理学进展,18(4):758-764,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.04.030.
郭念民,吴国忱.2012.非重复采集时移地震正演模拟及可行性分析[J].地球物理学进展,27(1):232-245,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.026.
李生杰,施行觉,郑鸿明,等.2002.复杂地表条件反射振幅一致性校正[J].地球物理学报,45(6):862-869,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2002.06.014.
李钟晓,陆文凯,王季.2013.基于地震图像校准的共成像点道集增强技术[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1592-1608,doi:10.6038/cjg20130517.
林伯香,孙建国.2001.相位替换法剩余时差校正[J].石油物探,40(3):15-22.
刘伊克,常旭,王辉,等.2001.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正[J].地球物理学报,44(2):272-278,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2001.02.015.
马永军,王季.2010.一种改进的时间域剩余动校正方法[J].石油物探,49(3):245-247.
Nickel M,Sonneland L.1999.非刚性匹配的延时地震偏移[C].SEG年会.
裴江云,张丽艳,王丽娜,等.2011.松辽盆地深层地震资料叠前时间偏移连片处理技术研究[J].地球物理学报,54(2):294-303,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.004.
王伟,高静怀,陈文超,等.2012.基于结构自适应中值滤波器的随机噪声衰减方法[J].地球物理学报,55(5):1732-1741,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.05.030.
王鑫,陈新荣.2003.分偏移距动校正技术[J].石油物探,42(2):212-214.
王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,等.2006.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,21(4):1167-1179,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.04.018.
王云专,杨立伟,李素华.2006.剩余时差校正及泊松比反演[J].地球物理学进展,21(1):204-208,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.01.032.
魏庚雨,李振勇,薛慧.2009.利用地震属性求取剩余静校正的方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(S1):10-12.
邬达理.2004.匹配滤波法在大炮检距资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,43(6):599-601.
吴琼,杨长春,张文忠,等.2008.过渡带拼接地震资料处理方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,23(3):761-767.
夏洪瑞,周开明,陈德刚,等.2002.时频域有色谱校正[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):304-308,311.
夏洪瑞,周开明,陈德刚,等.2003.保持分辨率处理方法分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,38(S):23-26,30.
徐锦承,张剑锋.2016.基于偏移成像道集的剩余静校正方法[J].地球物理学报,59(2):655-663,doi:10.6038/cjg20160222.
苑春方,余钦范,王彦春,等.2002.动校正剩余时差的估计与校正[J].石油物探,41(3):317-320.
云美厚,丁伟,王开燕,等.2006.地震资料一致性处理方法研究与初步应用[J].石油物探,45(1):65-69.
赵玲芝,王克斌,戴晓云.2011.VTI各向异性叠前深度偏移技术应用研究-以JZ工区三维地震资料处理为例[J].石油物探,50(2):201-205.
庄东海,肖春燕,许云,等.1999.四维地震资料处理及其关键[J].地球物理学进展,14(2):33-43.
朱江梅,李列,杨薇,等.2013.多方位角地震资料在文昌凹陷勘探开发中的应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,28(5):2587-2596,doi:10.6038/pg20130538.
Chen F,Li J Z,Huang J M,et al.2003.Application research of digital image processing method for improving signal to noise ratio of seismic section image[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),18(4):758-764,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.04.030.
Guo N M,Wu G C.2012.Forward-modeling and feasibility study of non-repeating acquired time-lapse seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(1):232-245,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.026.
Li S J,Shi X J,Zheng H M,et al.2002.The consistent correction of seismic amplitude in complicated surface area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),45(6):862-869,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2002.06.014.
Li Z X,Lu W K,Wang J.2013.Common image gathers enhancement based on seismic image warping[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1592-1608,doi:10.6038/cjg20130517.
Lin B X,Sun J G.2001.Residual moveout correction by using phase replacement[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),40(3):15-22.
Liu Y K,Chang X,Wang H,et al.2001.Estimation of near-surface velocity and seismic tomographic static corrections[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),44(2):272-278,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2001.02.015.
Ma Y J,Wang J.2010.An improved residual normal moveout correction method in time domain[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),49(3):245-247.
Nickel M,Sonneland L.1999.Non-Rigid matching of migrated timelapse seismic[C].SEG Annual Meeting.
Pei J Y,Zhang L Y,Wang L N,et al.2011.Multi-survey joint prestack time migration processing study of deep beds in Songliao basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(2):294-303,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.004.
Wang W,Gao J H,Chen W C,et al.2012.Random seismic noise suppression via structure-adaptive median filter[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(5):1732-1741,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.05.030.
Wang X,Chen X R.2003.Offset division normal moveout correction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in chinese),42(2):212-214.
Wang X W,Hu Z D,Tian Y C,et al.2006.Study of seismic wavelet processing method in two step deconvolution[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(4):1167-1179,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.04.018.
Wang Y Z,Yang L W,Li S H.2006.Residual moveout correction and Poisson’s ratio inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(3):204-208,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.01.032.
Wei G Y,Li Z Y,Xue H.2009.Application of seismic attributes in residual static correction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(S1):10-12.
Wu D L.2004.The application of matching filter method in cannon offset data processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),43(6):599-601.
Wu Q,Yang C C,Zhang W Z,et al.2008.Research on processing technology for matching seismic data acquired in seashore and marine prospect[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),23(3):761-767.
Xia H R,Zhou K M,Chen D G,et al.2002.Correction of colored spectrum in time frequency domain[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),41(3):304-308,311.
Xia H R,Zhou K M,Chen D G,et al.2003.Analysis of resolutionpreserved processing techniques[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),38(S):23-26,30.
Xu J C,Zhang J F.2016.Residual static correction based on migrated gathers[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(2):655-663,doi:10.6038/cjg20160222.
Yuan C F,Yu Q F,Wang Y C,et al.2002.Estimation and removal of residual normal moveout[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),41(3):317-320.
Yun M H,Ding W,Wang K Y,et al.2006.Study and primary application on consistency processing of seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),45(1):65-69.
Zhao L Z,Wang K B,Dai X Y.2011.Application of VTI anisotropic pre-stack depth migration technique for 3-D seismic data processing in JZ area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),50(2):201-205.
Zhuang D H,Xiao C Y,Xu Y,et al.1999.4D seismic data processing and its key[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),14(2):33-43.
Zhu J M,Li L,Yang W,et al.2013.Multi-azimuth seismic data applied analysis on the exploration and development of Wenchang sag[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(5):2587-2596,doi:10.6038/pg20130538.
安西峰,刘平,张旭.2010.地表一致性反褶积在地震勘探中的应用及效果[J].地球物理学进展,25(6):2125-2129,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.032.
陈凤,李金宗,黄建明,等.2003.利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面图像信噪比[J].地球物理学进展,18(4):758-764,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.04.030.
郭念民,吴国忱.2012.非重复采集时移地震正演模拟及可行性分析[J].地球物理学进展,27(1):232-245,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.026.
李生杰,施行觉,郑鸿明,等.2002.复杂地表条件反射振幅一致性校正[J].地球物理学报,45(6):862-869,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2002.06.014.
李钟晓,陆文凯,王季.2013.基于地震图像校准的共成像点道集增强技术[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1592-1608,doi:10.6038/cjg20130517.
林伯香,孙建国.2001.相位替换法剩余时差校正[J].石油物探,40(3):15-22.
刘伊克,常旭,王辉,等.2001.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正[J].地球物理学报,44(2):272-278,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2001.02.015.
马永军,王季.2010.一种改进的时间域剩余动校正方法[J].石油物探,49(3):245-247.
Nickel M,Sonneland L.1999.非刚性匹配的延时地震偏移[C].SEG年会.
裴江云,张丽艳,王丽娜,等.2011.松辽盆地深层地震资料叠前时间偏移连片处理技术研究[J].地球物理学报,54(2):294-303,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.004.
王伟,高静怀,陈文超,等.2012.基于结构自适应中值滤波器的随机噪声衰减方法[J].地球物理学报,55(5):1732-1741,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.05.030.
王鑫,陈新荣.2003.分偏移距动校正技术[J].石油物探,42(2):212-214.
王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,等.2006.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,21(4):1167-1179,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.04.018.
王云专,杨立伟,李素华.2006.剩余时差校正及泊松比反演[J].地球物理学进展,21(1):204-208,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.01.032.
魏庚雨,李振勇,薛慧.2009.利用地震属性求取剩余静校正的方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(S1):10-12.
邬达理.2004.匹配滤波法在大炮检距资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,43(6):599-601.
吴琼,杨长春,张文忠,等.2008.过渡带拼接地震资料处理方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,23(3):761-767.
夏洪瑞,周开明,陈德刚,等.2002.时频域有色谱校正[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):304-308,311.
夏洪瑞,周开明,陈德刚,等.2003.保持分辨率处理方法分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,38(S):23-26,30.
徐锦承,张剑锋.2016.基于偏移成像道集的剩余静校正方法[J].地球物理学报,59(2):655-663,doi:10.6038/cjg20160222.
苑春方,余钦范,王彦春,等.2002.动校正剩余时差的估计与校正[J].石油物探,41(3):317-320.
云美厚,丁伟,王开燕,等.2006.地震资料一致性处理方法研究与初步应用[J].石油物探,45(1):65-69.
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