基于双程波动方程的多次波照明分析方法研究
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摘要
地震照明分析是地震数据采集和实际资料处理解释中的一种辅助手段,指在给定地下地质构造时,采用数值模拟的方法模拟出地震波在地下介质中的能量分布形态.自由表面相关多次波是海上地震数据中重要的波场信息,传统地震数据处理方法一直都将其视为干扰信息而进行去除,错失了很多有意义的构造信息.本文采用基于时间域有限差分法的双程波动方程进行波场数值模拟,将多次波能量考虑到波场照明中,通过单一透镜盐体模型试算表明,与传统一次波照明相比,多次波照明方法的波场信息更丰富、盐下构造照明更清晰、照明阴影区域更小.将多次波照明分析应用到Pluto速度模型,对比分析可以看出多次波照明分析方法更能适应复杂地质构造目标.通过多次波照明分析方法,我们能够对复杂地质构造的采集系统进行评价和优化,并预测地震偏移成像的质量.
Seismic illumination analysis is an auxiliary means of seismic data acquisition and actual data processing. Given the underground geological structure,seismic illumination analysis can accurately simulate the energy distribution of seismic wave in underground medium by numerical simulation method. Surface related multiple is an important part of marine seismic data which has always been regarded as noise in traditional seismic exploration and thus be removed, resulting in lots of available structure information lost. In this paper,we conduct wave-field numerical simulation by two-way wave equation based on time-domain finite difference method to introduce multiples into wave-field illumination The test of single lens-shaped salt shows that multiples illumination has richer wave-field information, clearer subsalt structure illumination and smaller shadow area compared to traditional illumination method. The application of Pluto model shows that multiples illumination analysis can better adapt to complex geological structure. Multiples illumination analysis can evaluate and optimize the acquisition system of complex geological structure and predict the seismic imaging quality.
Seismic illumination analysis is an auxiliary means of seismic data acquisition and actual data processing. Given the underground geological structure,seismic illumination analysis can accurately simulate the energy distribution of seismic wave in underground medium by numerical simulation method. Surface related multiple is an important part of marine seismic data which has always been regarded as noise in traditional seismic exploration and thus be removed, resulting in lots of available structure information lost. In this paper,we conduct wave-field numerical simulation by two-way wave equation based on time-domain finite difference method to introduce multiples into wave-field illumination The test of single lens-shaped salt shows that multiples illumination has richer wave-field information, clearer subsalt structure illumination and smaller shadow area compared to traditional illumination method. The application of Pluto model shows that multiples illumination analysis can better adapt to complex geological structure. Multiples illumination analysis can evaluate and optimize the acquisition system of complex geological structure and predict the seismic imaging quality.
引文
Alford R M,Kelly K R,Boore D M.1974.Accuracy of finite-difference modeling of the acoustic wave equation[J].Geophysics,39(6):834-842.
Alterman Z,Karal F C Jr.1968.Propagation of elastic waves in layered media by finite difference methods[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,58(1):367-398.
Bear G,Lu C P,Lu R,et al.2000.The construction of subsurface illumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing[J].The Leading Edge,19(7):726-728.
Berenger J P.1994.A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves[J].Journal of Computational Physics,114(2):185-200.
Berkhout A J.1993.Migration of multiple reflections[C].//Proceedings of SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993.Washington,DC:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1022-1025.
Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.2003.Transformation of multiples into primary reflections[M].//Proceedings of SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003.Dallas,Texas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1925-1928.
Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.2011.Full wavefield migration,utilizing surface and internal multiple scattering[M].//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011.San Antonio,Texas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,3212-3216.
Beylkin G.1985.Imaging of discontinuities in the inverse scattering problem by inversion of a causal generalized Radon transform[J].Journal of Mathematical Physics,26(1):99-108.
Cao J,Wu R S.2009.Full-wave directional illumination analysis in the frequency domain[J].Geophysics,74(4):S85-S93.
Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.2007a.Illumination compensation for wave equation migration shadow[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),50(3):844-850,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.03.025.
Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.2007b.Two-way subsurface directional illumination analysis by wave equation[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science)(in Chinese),35(5):681-684,704.
Chew W C,Liu Q H.1996.Perfectly matched layers for elastodynamics:A new absorbing boundary condition[J].Journal of Computational Acoustics,4(4):341-359.
Fontecha B,Cai W Y,Ortigosa F,et al.2005.Wave equation migration and illumination on a 3-D GOM deep water dataset[C].//SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts 2005.Houston,Texas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1989-1992.
Gelius L J,Lecomte I.2000.The resolution function in linearized Born and Kirchhoff inversion[M].//Hansen P C,Jacobsen B H,Mosegaard M.Methods and Applications of Inversion.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,129-141.
Lecomte I,Gelius L J.1998.Have a look at the resolution of prestack depth migration for any model,survey and wavefields[C].//Proceedings of SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998.New Orleans,Louisiana:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1112-1115.
Li B J.2007.Illumination analysis based on ray tracing theory(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum.
Li W W.2008.Design of seismic geometry based on wave equation forward simulation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),43(2):134-141.
Liu Z M,Bao J S.1989.The forward modeling of seismic wave field using high-order finite difference method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),24(1):1-5,79.
Muerdter D,Ratcliff D.2001.Understanding subsalt illumination through ray-trace modeling,Part 3:Salt ridges and furrows,and the impact of acquisition orientation[J].The Leading Edge,20(8):803-816.
φstmo S,MaaF.2003.Seismic illumination from finite-difference modeling[C].//Proceedings of the 65th EAGE Conference&Exhibition.Expanded Abstracts.
Pang X M,Li Z C,Zhang M,et al.2016.Review of seismic illumination analysis methods[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(1):285-294,doi:10.6038/pg20160133.
Pei Z L.2008.Analysis on wave equation seismic directional illumination.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),43(6):645-651.
Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J.2015.From removing to using multiples in closed-loop imaging[J].The Leading Edge,34(7):744-759.
Xie X B,He Y Q,Li P M.2013.Seismic illumination analysis and its applications in seismic survey design[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1568-1581,doi:10.6038/cjg20130515.
Xie X B,Jin S W,Wu R S.2006.Wave-equation-based seismic illumination analysis[J].Geophysics,71(5):S169-S177.
Xie X B,Yang H.2008.A full-wave equation based seismic illumination analysis method[C].//Proceedings of the 70th EAGE Conference and Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2008.Extended abstract.
陈生昌,马在田,Wu R S.2007a.波动方程偏移成像阴影的照明补偿[J].地球物理学报,50(3):844-850,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.03.025.
陈生昌,马在田,吴如山.2007b.波动方程双程地下方向照明分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),35(5):681-684,704.
栗宝鹃.2007.基于射线理论的照明分析[硕士论文].青岛:中国石油大学.
李万万.2008.基于波动方程正演的地震观测系统设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,43(2):134-141.
刘志敏,包吉山.1989.高阶有限差分地震波场正演[J].石油地球物理勘探,24(1):1-5,79.
庞新明,李振春,张敏,等.2016.照明分析方法的研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,31(1):285-294,doi:10.6038/pg20160133.
裴正林.2008.波动方程地震定向照明分析.石油地球物理勘探,43(6):645-651.
皮红梅.2009.双程波动方程数值模拟和照明分析方法研究[博士论文].长春:吉林大学.
谢小碧,何永清,李培明.2013.地震照明分析及其在地震采集设计中的应用[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1568-1581,doi:10.6038/cjg20130515.
Alterman Z,Karal F C Jr.1968.Propagation of elastic waves in layered media by finite difference methods[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,58(1):367-398.
Bear G,Lu C P,Lu R,et al.2000.The construction of subsurface illumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing[J].The Leading Edge,19(7):726-728.
Berenger J P.1994.A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves[J].Journal of Computational Physics,114(2):185-200.
Berkhout A J.1993.Migration of multiple reflections[C].//Proceedings of SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993.Washington,DC:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1022-1025.
Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.2003.Transformation of multiples into primary reflections[M].//Proceedings of SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003.Dallas,Texas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1925-1928.
Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.2011.Full wavefield migration,utilizing surface and internal multiple scattering[M].//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011.San Antonio,Texas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,3212-3216.
Beylkin G.1985.Imaging of discontinuities in the inverse scattering problem by inversion of a causal generalized Radon transform[J].Journal of Mathematical Physics,26(1):99-108.
Cao J,Wu R S.2009.Full-wave directional illumination analysis in the frequency domain[J].Geophysics,74(4):S85-S93.
Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.2007a.Illumination compensation for wave equation migration shadow[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),50(3):844-850,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.03.025.
Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.2007b.Two-way subsurface directional illumination analysis by wave equation[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science)(in Chinese),35(5):681-684,704.
Chew W C,Liu Q H.1996.Perfectly matched layers for elastodynamics:A new absorbing boundary condition[J].Journal of Computational Acoustics,4(4):341-359.
Fontecha B,Cai W Y,Ortigosa F,et al.2005.Wave equation migration and illumination on a 3-D GOM deep water dataset[C].//SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts 2005.Houston,Texas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1989-1992.
Gelius L J,Lecomte I.2000.The resolution function in linearized Born and Kirchhoff inversion[M].//Hansen P C,Jacobsen B H,Mosegaard M.Methods and Applications of Inversion.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,129-141.
Lecomte I,Gelius L J.1998.Have a look at the resolution of prestack depth migration for any model,survey and wavefields[C].//Proceedings of SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998.New Orleans,Louisiana:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1112-1115.
Li B J.2007.Illumination analysis based on ray tracing theory(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum.
Li W W.2008.Design of seismic geometry based on wave equation forward simulation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),43(2):134-141.
Liu Z M,Bao J S.1989.The forward modeling of seismic wave field using high-order finite difference method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),24(1):1-5,79.
Muerdter D,Ratcliff D.2001.Understanding subsalt illumination through ray-trace modeling,Part 3:Salt ridges and furrows,and the impact of acquisition orientation[J].The Leading Edge,20(8):803-816.
φstmo S,MaaF.2003.Seismic illumination from finite-difference modeling[C].//Proceedings of the 65th EAGE Conference&Exhibition.Expanded Abstracts.
Pang X M,Li Z C,Zhang M,et al.2016.Review of seismic illumination analysis methods[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(1):285-294,doi:10.6038/pg20160133.
Pei Z L.2008.Analysis on wave equation seismic directional illumination.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),43(6):645-651.
Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J.2015.From removing to using multiples in closed-loop imaging[J].The Leading Edge,34(7):744-759.
Xie X B,He Y Q,Li P M.2013.Seismic illumination analysis and its applications in seismic survey design[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1568-1581,doi:10.6038/cjg20130515.
Xie X B,Jin S W,Wu R S.2006.Wave-equation-based seismic illumination analysis[J].Geophysics,71(5):S169-S177.
Xie X B,Yang H.2008.A full-wave equation based seismic illumination analysis method[C].//Proceedings of the 70th EAGE Conference and Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2008.Extended abstract.
陈生昌,马在田,Wu R S.2007a.波动方程偏移成像阴影的照明补偿[J].地球物理学报,50(3):844-850,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.03.025.
陈生昌,马在田,吴如山.2007b.波动方程双程地下方向照明分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),35(5):681-684,704.
栗宝鹃.2007.基于射线理论的照明分析[硕士论文].青岛:中国石油大学.
李万万.2008.基于波动方程正演的地震观测系统设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,43(2):134-141.
刘志敏,包吉山.1989.高阶有限差分地震波场正演[J].石油地球物理勘探,24(1):1-5,79.
庞新明,李振春,张敏,等.2016.照明分析方法的研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,31(1):285-294,doi:10.6038/pg20160133.
裴正林.2008.波动方程地震定向照明分析.石油地球物理勘探,43(6):645-651.
皮红梅.2009.双程波动方程数值模拟和照明分析方法研究[博士论文].长春:吉林大学.
谢小碧,何永清,李培明.2013.地震照明分析及其在地震采集设计中的应用[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1568-1581,doi:10.6038/cjg20130515.