需求侧规模化电动汽车的充电负荷优化调控策略
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摘要
针对电力需求侧电动汽车(electric vehicles,EV)用户充电行为的不确定性,分析电动汽车充电负荷调度与控制技术,构建电动汽车充电负荷调控优化模型,提出考虑分时电价与削峰填谷的分层多目标电动汽车充电策略,并对某区域内的1 000辆电动汽车的充电场景进行调控仿真试验。结果表明,本研究提出的优化充电策略能够有效降低充电费用和充电功率峰值,验证了所提出的优化调控策略的有效性。
In view of the uncertainty of the charging behavior of electric vehicle(EV) users,the electric vehicle charging schedule and control technology were analyzed,a model of regulation and optimization for electric vehicle charging load was built,a stratified multi-objective electric vehicle charging strategy considering time-of-use electricity price and peak load shifting was proposed,and a simulation experiment for scheduling control was implemented in charging scenario for 1 000 electric vehicles in a certain area. The results showed that the optimized charging strategy proposed in this study could effectively reduce the charging cost and charging power peak,and verify the effectiveness of the optimization strategy.
In view of the uncertainty of the charging behavior of electric vehicle(EV) users,the electric vehicle charging schedule and control technology were analyzed,a model of regulation and optimization for electric vehicle charging load was built,a stratified multi-objective electric vehicle charging strategy considering time-of-use electricity price and peak load shifting was proposed,and a simulation experiment for scheduling control was implemented in charging scenario for 1 000 electric vehicles in a certain area. The results showed that the optimized charging strategy proposed in this study could effectively reduce the charging cost and charging power peak,and verify the effectiveness of the optimization strategy.
引文
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[17]杨晓东,任帅杰,张有兵,等.电动汽车可调度能力模型与日内优先调度策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(2):84-93.YANG Xiaodong,REN Shuaijie,ZHANG Youbing,et al.Schedulable ability model and priority-based intraday scheduling strategy for electric vehicle[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(2):84-93.
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[20]顾伟,任佳依,高君,等.含分布式电源和可调负荷的售电公司优化调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):37-44.GU Wei,REN Jiayi,GAO Jun,et al.Optimal dispatching model of electricity retailers considering distributed generator and adjustable load[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(14):37-44.
[21]瞿凯平,张孝顺,余涛,等.基于知识迁移Q学习算法的多能源系统联合优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(15):18-25.QU Kaiping,ZHANG Xiaoshun,YU Tao,et al.Know ledge transfer based Q-learning algorithm for optimal dispatch of multi-energy system[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(15):18-25.
[22]李学平,高菲,卢志刚.含高速公路集中充电站的双层经济调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):126-132.LI Xueping,GAO Fei,LU Zhigang.Bi-level economic dispatch considering expressw ay centralized charging station[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(14):126-132.
[23]孙国强,袁智,耿天翔,等.含电动汽车的虚拟电厂鲁棒随机优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(6):44-50.SUN Guoqiang,YUAN Zhi,GENG Tianxiang,et al.Robust stochastic optimal dispatching of virtual pow er plant containing plug-in electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(6):44-50.
[24]罗纯坚,李姚旺,许汉平,等.需求响应不确定性对日前优化调度的影响分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):22-29.LUO Chunjian,LI Yaow ang,XU Hanping,et al.Influence of demand response uncertainty on day-ahead optimization dispatching[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(5):22-29.
[25]陈静鹏,朴龙健,艾芊,等.基于分布式控制的电动汽车分层优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):24-31.CHEN Jingpeng,PIAO Longjian,AI Qian,et al.Hierarchical optimal scheduling for electric vehicles based on distributed control[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2016,40(18):24-31.
[26]裴小兵,陈慧芬,张百栈,等.改善式BVEDA求解多目标调度问题[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2017,47(4):25-30.PEI Xiaobing,CHEN Huifen,ZHANG Baizhan,et al.Improved bi-variables estimation of distribution algorithms for multi-objective permutation flow shop scheduling problem[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2017,47(4):25-30.
[2]马艺玮,杨苹,王月武,等.微电网典型特征及关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(8):168-175.M A Yiw ei,YANG Ping,WANG Yuew u,et al.Typical characteristics and key technologies of microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2015,39(8):168-175.
[3]孙毅,贾孟扬,陆俊,等.需求侧管理中面向居民用电的互动化评价模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(13):62-69.SUN Yi,JIA M engyang,LU Jun,et al.Interactive evaluation model for residential electricity in demand side management[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(13):62-69.
[4]谭小波,赵海,彭海霞,等.电动汽车准实时协同充放电策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(13):69-76.TAN Xiaobo,ZHAO Hai,PENG Haixia,et al.Quasi-real-time coordinated charging/discharging policy for electric vehicles[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(13):69-76.
[5]李明洋,邹斌.电动汽车充放电决策模型及电价的影响分析[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(15):75-81.LI M ingyang,ZOU Bin.Charging and discharging decision-making model of electric vehicles and influence analysis of electricity price[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2015,39(15):75-81.
[6]肖湘宁,温剑锋,陶顺,等.电动汽车充电基础设施规划中若干关键问题的研究与建议[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(8):1-10.XIAO Xiangning,WEN Jianfeng,TAO Shun,et al.Study and recommendations of the key issues in planning of electric vehicles'charging facilities[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(8):1-10.
[7]张新松,顾菊平,袁越,等.电动汽车最优充电模型及其近似求解方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(19):3148-3155.ZHANG Xinsong,GU Juping,YUAN Yue,et al.Optimum electric vehicle charging model and its approximate solving technique[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(19):3148-3155.
[8]徐智威,胡泽春,宋永华,等.基于动态分时电价的电动汽车充电站有序充电策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3638-3646.XU Zhiw ei,HU Zechun,SONG Yonghua,et al.Coordinated charging strategy for pev charging stations based on dynamic time-of-use tariffs[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3638-3646.
[9]苗世洪,徐浩,钱甜甜,等.扩展时间尺度下的电动汽车有序充电策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(23):5959-5967.M IAO Shihong,XU Hao,QIAN Tiantian,et al.An ordered charging strategy for electric vehicles under an extended time scale[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(23):5959-5967.
[10]王姝凝,杨少兵.居民小区电动汽车充电负荷有序控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(4):71-77.WANG Shuning,YANG Shaobing.A coordinated charging control strategy for electric vehicles charging load in residential area[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2016,40(4):71-77.
[11]张明霞,田立亭.一种基于需求分析的电动汽车有序充电实施架构[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(3):118-122.ZHANG M ingxia,TIAN Liting.A method to organize the charging of electric vehicle based on demand analysis[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(3):118-122.
[12]田文奇,和敬涵,姜久春,等.电动汽车充电负荷空间分配优化算法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(3):269-276.TIAN Wenqi,HE Jinghan,JIANG Jiuchun,et al.Electric vehicle charging load spatial allocation optimization algorith[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(3):269-276.
[13]张洪财,胡泽春,宋永华,等.考虑时空分布的电动汽车充电负荷预测方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(1):13-20.ZHANG Hongcai,HU Zechun,SONG Yonghua,et al.A prediction method for electric vehicle charging load considering spatial and temporal distribution[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2014,38(1):13-20.
[14]杨冰,王丽芳,廖承林,等.含有耦合特性的电动汽车充电负荷计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(22):76-82.YANG Bing,WANG Lifang,LIAO Chenglin,et al.Charging load calculation method of large-scale electric vehicles w ith coupling characteristics[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2015,39(22):76-82.
[15]刘文霞,龙日尚,徐晓波,等.考虑数据新鲜度和交叉熵的电动汽车短期充电负荷预测模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):45-52.LIU Wenxia,LONG Rishang,XU Xiaobo,et al.Forecasting model of short-term EV charging load based on data freshness and cross entropy[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2016,40(12):45-52.
[16]潘振宁,张孝顺,余涛,等.大规模电动汽车集群分层实时优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(16):96-104.PAN Zhenning,ZHANG Xiaoshun,YU Tao,et al.Hierarchical real-time optimized dispatching for large-scale clusters of electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(16):96-104.
[17]杨晓东,任帅杰,张有兵,等.电动汽车可调度能力模型与日内优先调度策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(2):84-93.YANG Xiaodong,REN Shuaijie,ZHANG Youbing,et al.Schedulable ability model and priority-based intraday scheduling strategy for electric vehicle[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(2):84-93.
[18]黄伟,熊伟鹏,闫彬禹,等.不同时间尺度下虚拟微网优化调度策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):12-19.HUANG Wei,XIONG Weipeng,YAN Binyu,et al.M ulti-time scale optimization scheduling strategy for virtual microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(19):12-19.
[19]孙辉,沈钟浩,周玮,等.主动配电网源荷协调多目标阻塞调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(16):88-95.SUN Hui,SHEN Zhonghao,ZHOU Wei,et al.M ultiobjective congestion dispatch of active distribution netw ork based on source-load coordination[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(16):88-95.
[20]顾伟,任佳依,高君,等.含分布式电源和可调负荷的售电公司优化调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):37-44.GU Wei,REN Jiayi,GAO Jun,et al.Optimal dispatching model of electricity retailers considering distributed generator and adjustable load[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(14):37-44.
[21]瞿凯平,张孝顺,余涛,等.基于知识迁移Q学习算法的多能源系统联合优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(15):18-25.QU Kaiping,ZHANG Xiaoshun,YU Tao,et al.Know ledge transfer based Q-learning algorithm for optimal dispatch of multi-energy system[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(15):18-25.
[22]李学平,高菲,卢志刚.含高速公路集中充电站的双层经济调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):126-132.LI Xueping,GAO Fei,LU Zhigang.Bi-level economic dispatch considering expressw ay centralized charging station[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(14):126-132.
[23]孙国强,袁智,耿天翔,等.含电动汽车的虚拟电厂鲁棒随机优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(6):44-50.SUN Guoqiang,YUAN Zhi,GENG Tianxiang,et al.Robust stochastic optimal dispatching of virtual pow er plant containing plug-in electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(6):44-50.
[24]罗纯坚,李姚旺,许汉平,等.需求响应不确定性对日前优化调度的影响分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):22-29.LUO Chunjian,LI Yaow ang,XU Hanping,et al.Influence of demand response uncertainty on day-ahead optimization dispatching[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(5):22-29.
[25]陈静鹏,朴龙健,艾芊,等.基于分布式控制的电动汽车分层优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):24-31.CHEN Jingpeng,PIAO Longjian,AI Qian,et al.Hierarchical optimal scheduling for electric vehicles based on distributed control[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2016,40(18):24-31.
[26]裴小兵,陈慧芬,张百栈,等.改善式BVEDA求解多目标调度问题[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2017,47(4):25-30.PEI Xiaobing,CHEN Huifen,ZHANG Baizhan,et al.Improved bi-variables estimation of distribution algorithms for multi-objective permutation flow shop scheduling problem[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2017,47(4):25-30.