居住权与以房养老的契合 以住房反向抵押现存问题为切入点
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摘要
"以房养老"是缓解我国养老压力以及完善我国养老保障体系的有力措施之一,近年来有系统规定且得以落实的只有住房反向抵押保险的相关规定,由于此种抵押房屋换取养老金的方式与我国传统的物权法理存在冲突,且存在适用范围窄、运行模式单一等一系列问题,目前已无法满足我国现有的养老需求。我国应当构建完善的居住权制度,赋予其物权效力以便解决我国的养老问题。本文以住房反向抵押保险的现存问题为切入点,剖析居住权制度对我国以房养老的必要性及积极作用,并对正在采纳意见的民法草案物权编中的居住权的相关规定提出自己的想法和意见,以期进一步完善居住权立法,推动居住权制度与以房养老制度的有效结合。
"Using house property as the living means for one's old age"is one of the effective measures to alleviate China's pressure to provide for the aged and perfect China's endowment insurance system but in recent years only the related stipulations of reverse mortgage insurance are stipulated systematically and put in place.However, because the conflicts exist between this kind of method of mortgaging the houses to exchange the pension and China's traditional legal principles of real rights and a series of problems such as the scope of application is narrow and operation model is single and so on exist, it has already been unable to satisfy the present needs to provide for the aged in China in the present. The China should construct the prefect system of the right of habitation and entrust it real right effects so as to solve China's problem of providing for the aged.The article takes the present problems of reverse mortgage insurance as the point of penetration, analyses the necessity and positive effects of the system of the right of habitation on China's problem of using house property as the living means for one's old age and puts forward its own thoughts and opinions on the related stipulations of right of habitation in the section of real right of the draft of the civil code which is adopting the opinions to hope to further perfect the legislation of right of habitation and push forward the effective combination of the system of right of habitation and the system of using house property as the living means for one's old age.
"Using house property as the living means for one's old age"is one of the effective measures to alleviate China's pressure to provide for the aged and perfect China's endowment insurance system but in recent years only the related stipulations of reverse mortgage insurance are stipulated systematically and put in place.However, because the conflicts exist between this kind of method of mortgaging the houses to exchange the pension and China's traditional legal principles of real rights and a series of problems such as the scope of application is narrow and operation model is single and so on exist, it has already been unable to satisfy the present needs to provide for the aged in China in the present. The China should construct the prefect system of the right of habitation and entrust it real right effects so as to solve China's problem of providing for the aged.The article takes the present problems of reverse mortgage insurance as the point of penetration, analyses the necessity and positive effects of the system of the right of habitation on China's problem of using house property as the living means for one's old age and puts forward its own thoughts and opinions on the related stipulations of right of habitation in the section of real right of the draft of the civil code which is adopting the opinions to hope to further perfect the legislation of right of habitation and push forward the effective combination of the system of right of habitation and the system of using house property as the living means for one's old age.
引文
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[11]尹田.物权法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2017.
[12]鲁晓明.居住权纳入民法典为以房养老法律铺路[N].人民政协报,2018-09-20.
[13]王轶.当前民法典编纂争议问题的讨论方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2018(01).
[2]钱明星.论我国用益物权的基本形态——私法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002.
[3]幸福人寿推出住房反向抵押养老保险产品[EB/OL].http://insurance.hexun.com/2018-01-04/192152647.html,2018-01-04.
[4]柴效武.以房养老释疑[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2014.
[5]关于开展老年人住房反向抵押养老保险试点的指导意见[EB/OL].https://baike.so.com/doc/24349016-25160521.html.
[6]周相.罗马法原论(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1994.
[7]梁慧星.不赞成规定“居住权”[N].人民法院报,2005-01-12.
[8]申卫星.视野拓展与功能转换——我国设立居住权必要性的多重视角[J].中国法学,2005(05).
[9]郑观,徐伟,熊秉元.为何民法要分物权和债权[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016(02).
[10]江平,刘智慧.确立中国居住权法律制度的若干思考[A].江平.中美物权法的现状与发展[C].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[11]尹田.物权法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2017.
[12]鲁晓明.居住权纳入民法典为以房养老法律铺路[N].人民政协报,2018-09-20.
[13]王轶.当前民法典编纂争议问题的讨论方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2018(01).